全新版大学英语视听阅读3保护亚马逊

Unit4SavingtheAmazonTogetherWarmupTellyourclassmates5thingsthatyouknowaboutAmazonanddescribethemindetail.

Video:amazonrainforestIntrotoAmazonrainforest TheAmazonrainforest(French:Forêtamazonienne),alsoknowninEnglishasAmazoniaortheAmazonJungle,isamoistbroadleaf（阔叶林）forestthatcoversmostoftheAmazonbasinofSouthAmerica. Thisbasinencompasses7,000,000squarekilometres(2,700,000

sq

mi),ofwhich5,500,000squarekilometres(2,100,000

sq

mi)arecoveredbytherainforest. Thisregionincludesterritorybelongingtoninenations.ThemajorityoftheforestiscontainedwithinBrazil,with60%oftherainforest,followedbyPeruwith13%,Colombiawith10%,andwithminoramountsinVenezuela(委内瑞拉),Ecuador,Bolivia,Guyana(圭亚那),Suriname(苏里南)andFrenchGuiana(法属圭亚那).HistoryVideo:thebrutalhistoryofexploringtheAmazon Natural TherainforestlikelyformedduringtheEocene(始新世)era.ItappearedfollowingaglobalreductionoftropicaltemperatureswhentheAtlanticOceanhadwidenedsufficientlytoprovideawarm,moist(潮湿的)climatetotheAmazonbasin.Therainforesthasbeeninexistenceforatleast55millionyears.SaharaDesertdustwindblowntotheAmazon Morethan56%ofthedustfertilizingtheAmazonrainforestcomesfromNorthernChadintheSaharadesert.Thedustcontainsphosphorus(磷),importantforplantgrowth.TheyearlySaharadustreplacestheequivalentamountofphosphoruswashedawayyearlyinAmazonsoilfromrainsandfloods.Upto50milliontonsofSaharadustperyearareblownacrosstheAtlanticOcean.HumanactivityBasedonarchaeologicalevidencefromanexcavation(发掘)atCavernadaPedraPintada,humaninhabitantsfirstsettledintheAmazonregionatleast11,200yearsago.Subsequentdevelopmentledtolate-prehistoricsettlementsalongtheperiphery(外缘，边缘)oftheforestbyAD1250,whichinduced(引起)alterationsintheforestcover.Biodiversity Wettropicalforestsarethemostspecies-richbiome（生态系统）,andtropicalforestsintheAmericasareconsistentlymorespeciesrichthanthewetforestsinAfricaandAsia.AsthelargesttractoftropicalrainforestintheAmericas,theAmazonianrainforestshaveunparalleledbiodiversity.OneintenknownspeciesintheworldlivesintheAmazonrainforest.Thisconstitutesthelargestcollectionoflivingplantsandanimalspeciesintheworld.DeforestationDeforestationistheconversionofforestedareastonon-forestedareas.ThemainsourcesofdeforestationintheAmazonarehumansettlementanddevelopmentoftheland.ThesoilsintheAmazonareproductiveforjustashortperiodoftime,sofarmersareconstantlymovingtonewareasandclearingmoreland.Thesefarmingpracticesledtodeforestationandcausedextensiveenvironmentaldamage.DeforestationInthe1970sconstructionbeganontheTrans-Amazonianhighway.ThishighwayrepresentedamajorthreattotheAmazonrainforest.DeforestationBetween1991and2000,thetotalareaofforestlostintheAmazonrosefrom415,000to587,000squarekilometres(160,000to227,000

sq

mi),withmostofthelostforestbecomingpasture（草地，牧场）forcattle.IllegalminingVideo:GoldLuresIllegalMinerstoPeru'sRainforestsChevron:cleanupEcuadorWhiledrillingforoilinEcuador'sAmazonrainforestregion,Texaco–whichmergedwithChevronin2001–operatedwithoutconcernfortheenvironmentorlocalresidents.Thecompanydeliberatelydumpedbillionsofgallonsoftoxicwastewaterintoriversandstreams,spilledmillionsofgallonsofcrudeoil,andabandonedhazardouswasteinhundredsofunlinedopen-airpitslitteredthroughouttheregion.Theresultiswidespreaddevastationoftherainforestecosystemandlocalindigenouscommunities,andoneoftheworstenvironmentaldisastersinhistory.Video:TheTrueStoryofChevron'sEcuadorDisasterB.BackgroundinfoAmazonRegionProtectedAreasProgram

Throughitsgeographicscopeandfinancialobjectives,theAmazonRegionProtectedAreas(ARPA)programredefineslarge-scaleconservation. Theprogram,setupbyarangeofstakeholdersthatincludeWWF(WorldWildlifeFund),aimstocreateandsupportasystemofwell-managedprotectedareasandsustainablenaturalresourcemanagementreservesovera10-yearperiod.Video:ARPAB.Backgroundinfo2.TumucumaqueNationalPark It’ssituatedinnorthwesternBrazilinsidetheAmazonRainforeststateofAmapá.ItisborderedtothenorthbyFrenchGuianaandSuriname.B.Backgroundinfo2.TumucumaqueNationalPark

B.Backgroundinfo

3.Amazon

river

TheAmazonRiver(US/ˈæməzɒn/orUK/ˈæməzən/;SpanishandPortuguese:Amazonas)inSouthAmericaisthelargestriverbydischargeofwaterintheworld,andthesecondinlength.

TheriverenterstheAtlanticOceaninnorth-easternBrazilin

abroadestuary(河口).Becauseofitsvastdimensions,itissometimescalled"TheRiverSea".C.TextstudyTheamazonrainforestispopulatedbymillionsofdifferenttypesofinsects,plants,animals,andbirds,manyofwhichareexoticandrare(para2).

Exotic:usualandinteresting,usuallybecausesthcomesfromorisrelatedtoadistantcountry.(常因来自遥远的他国而显得)奇异的。 e.g.Consumersareincreasinglyinterestedintheauthenticallyexotictastes.消费者对于真正的异国风味越来越情有独钟。2.ThethreatssurroundingtheAmazonregionareconsiderableenoughtoclassifythesituationasacrisis(para3).Considerable:adj.greatinamountordegree.相当多的，相当大的。 e.g.considerableexpense相当可观的费用

toaconsiderableextentordegree很大程度上

thedamagewasconsiderable毁坏相当严重Considerate:adj.someonewhoisconsideratepaysattentiontotheneeds,wishes,orfeelingsofotherpeople.体贴的，周到的 e.g.

tobeconsideratetowards[somebody]/of[somebody's]feelings体谅某人/某人的感情3.Thewholesale(大规模的)clearingandexploitationoflandforsettlementandindustry,includingmining,hasmadethesituationcritical(para3).Exploitv./Exploitationn.:开发，开采，利用，剥削。 e.g.Theislandersenduredcenturiesofexploitation.

那个岛上的居民忍受了数个世纪的剥削。Explorev./Explorationn.:探索，探测，探险。

e.g.

toexploreforoil/gas勘探石油/天然气

togo(out)exploring去探险

toexplorewaysandmeansofdoingsth寻找做某事的方式方法4.Itcomesintheformofanexpeditionteamofscientistsandotherconservationexperts.(para4)Expedition:远征，探险队。 e.g.anexpeditionto/into...去…的探险

togoonanexpedition去探险

ahunting/climbingexpedition去狩猎/登山5.Theparkisenormous–about3.8millionhectaresinsize…(para6)Hectare:公顷。

Acre:

英亩.1squaremile平方英里=640acres英亩6.TheBraziliangovernmentestablishedthenewnationalparkasalegalentityandallocatedfundsforitsadministration.(para7)Entity:anentityissththatexistsseparatelyfromotherthingsandhasaclearidentityofitsown.实体 e.g.

asingle/separate/political/legalentity

单独的/独立的/政治/法人实体Identity：身份7.Itsborderswillhavetobepatrolledregularlytoensurethatminersandotherpeopledon’tillegallycrossovertheborderintotheprotectedparkarea...(para8)Patrol:makeregulartripsaroundanareaoralongaborderlinetoguardagainsttroubleorcrime.巡逻 e.g.

tocarryout/makeapatrol去巡逻 thesoldiersonpatrol巡逻的士兵 apatrolvehicle巡逻车 apolicepatrol警察巡逻队8.Thisprogram,createdandrunbyapanelofconservationexperts,...(para9)Panel:专门小组；控制面板，仪表板；镶板，嵌板 e.g.

apanelofexperts专家组 onourpaneltonightwehave...今晚出席座谈会的有… aninstrument/displaypanel仪表/显示盘

glass/woodenpanel玻璃板/木壁板9.MarettiisjoinedbyChristophJaster,aBraziliangovernmentpartwarden,andJawapukuWayapi,amemberofoneoftheindigenouspeoplelivingonlandsneighboringthepark.(para10)Warden:管理员；监狱长 e.g.

awildlife/parkwarden野生动物保护区巡视员/公园管理员Indigenous：本土的，土著的，当地的 e.g.

thecountry’sindigenouspopulation该国的本土人口10.The

expedition’smissionhereistwofold.(para11)Twofold:有两部分的；两倍的；两倍地 e.g.

Thecaseagainstistwofold:tooriskyandtooexpensive.

反对理由有两点：太冒险而且太昂贵。

atwofoldincreaseincrime犯罪案件增加了一倍

aninvestmentwhichincreasedtwofold翻了一番的投资

Heroriginalinvestmenthasincreasedtwofold.她原先的投资已经增加到两倍。11.Therearenoroadsinthisremoteareaofthepark,andfewairstrips,...(para14)Airstrip:

alongthinkstretchofroadforlandingaircraft飞机跑道Aircraft：飞机，飞行器12.Atcertainpointsalongtheway,theteammuststop,getoutandattachropestothesidesoftheirboatswothattheycanpullthemoverrockyorfast-flowingareas.(para14)Attachto:依附，附属。 e.g.

Theyattachtoaserver,thenjoinoneormorechannels. 它们连接到服务器，然后加入一个或多个信道。Pullover:把…开到路边；靠岸 e.g.

HenoticedamanbehindhiminablueFordgesticulating（用姿势示意）topullover.他注意到后面一辆蓝色福特车里的一个男人示意他靠边停车。Pullover：套衫 e.g.

Hisfianceeknittedhimapullover.

他的未婚妻为他织了一件套头毛衣.13.Inthepast,thedangerouscurrentsandmajesticwaterfallsinthisregion...(para15)Current:

水、电、气流；趋势 e.g.

togoordriftwiththecurrent随大溜

togoagainstthecurrent逆潮流而动

acurrentofopinion意见倾向13.Inthepast,thedangerouscurrentsandmajesticwaterfallsinthisregion...(para15)Majesty:UsingmajestyinexpressionssuchasYourMajestyorHer/HisMajestywhenaddressingorreferringtoakingaqueen.威严，最高权威；陛下；壮丽，雄伟 e.g.

HisMajestyrequestsyourpresenceintheroyalchambers.国王陛下要求你在皇室受召见。 e.g.

themajestyofthemainlandmountains.大陆山岳的壮美。14.Astheteampaddlesfurtheruptheriver,...(para15)Paddle:n.划桨v.用桨划 e.g.

Wemightbeabletopushourselvesacrosswiththepaddle.我们或许可以自己划桨过去。 e.g.

paddle

the

canoe划独木舟15.Theydecidetoconstructapulleysystemusingropesandwheels...(para16)Pulley:adeviceusedtoliftorlowerheavyobjects滑轮 e.g.

Thestonewasliftedbymeansofaropeandpulley.这块大石是用绳子和滑轮给吊起来的。16.Whileitisthequickestmethodformininggold,thehydraulicminingthatisfrequentlyusedintheregionisparticularlydangerousforalllivingthings.(para19)hydraulic:液压的 e.g.

Theboathasnofewerthanfivehydraulicpumps.这艘船下有不下五个液压泵。17.Inhydraulicmining,wateriscarriedtotheminingsiteviacanalswhereitiscollectedforusedbytheminers.(para19)Canal:水道，水渠，运河；道 e.g.

TheGrandUnionCanal大联盟运河

thealimentarycanal消化道17.Transportable

pumpsarethenusedtospraythewateroutofahoseathighpressure.(para19)Transportable:可运输的 e.g.

transportablereactor可运输反应堆Portable:手提的，轻便的 e.g.

alittleportabletelevision一台便携式小电视机Pump：泵，抽水机Plump：丰满的，圆胖的Bump：肿块，突起物Spray：n.喷雾，喷雾器；v.喷射 e.g.pepperspray胡椒喷雾器，防狼喷雾Hose：n.软管，水管;v.用水管冲洗，用水管浇灌 e.g.

hoseourgarden浇灌我们的花园18.Duetothescaleofproductionandspeedofextraction...(para20)Extraction:n.萃取，取出；血统，出身 e.g.

adentalextraction拔牙

British/Frenchetc.byextraction英裔/法裔等19.Iterodesthesoil,...(para20)Erode:腐蚀，侵蚀；削弱；降低 e.g.

Thestormwashedawaybuildingsandroadsanderodedbeaches.暴风雨冲走了建筑物和道路，侵蚀了沙滩。

Hiscriticssayhisfumblingontheissueofreformhaserodedhisauthority.他的批评者们说他在改革问题上的拙劣做法已经削弱了他的权威。

Competitioninthefinancialmarketplacehaserodedprofits.金融市场的竞争降低了利润。20.PreventinggoldmininginthedelicateandvaluableenvironmentoftheAmazonrainforestisahighpriorityonalmosteveryone’sagenda.(para21)Ontheagenda:在议事日程上 e.g.

What’sthenextitemontheagenda?议程表上的下一项是什么？21.TheARPAprogramistryingtoestablishinnovativepartnershipswiththeindigenouspeoples...(para21)Innovation是创新的意思，而invention是发明。所以innovation一般是对已经发明出来的东西进行改良、改进。 e.g.Thetouchscreendashboardisthelatestinnovationinthisnewmodelfourwheeldrive.（触摸式仪表屏是这新款四轮驱动汽车的最新创意。）而一项发明（aninvention）则是以前从来没有看见过的方式或产品。 e.g.ThomasEdisonwasoneoftheworld'sgreatestinventors.Hisinventionsincludethephonograph,themotionpicturecameraandtheelectriclightbulb.（汤玛斯·爱迪生是世界最伟大的发明家之一。他的发明涵盖留声机、电影摄像机和电灯泡。）22.Whileplansareintheworksforimplementingprogramstostopillegalmining...(para22)Implement:v.实施，执行/n.工具 e.g.

Thegovernmentpromisedtoimplementanewsystemtocontrolfinancialloaninstitutions.政府许诺要实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。 afarm/household/gardeningimplement农具/家庭用具/园艺工具 asetofimplements一套工具23.…afactthatunderlinesjusthowcrucialpatrollingtherainforestareasactuallyis.(para24)Theminerhighlightsthefactthat…(para25)Underline,highlight:强调 e.g.

Thisreportunderlinedhisconcern.这个报告强调了他的担忧。

Thishighlighttheplightofthehomeless.这个突出描写了无家可归者的苦境。highlights24....,mininggoldwithasamlldredge,andsurvivingbyfarming,hyunting,andfishingintherainforest.(para28)

Dredge:n.挖泥船，疏浚机/v.清淤 e.g.

Policehavespentweeksdredgingthelakebuthavenotfoundhisbody.警察已经花了几周时间在湖里打捞，但是仍未发现他的尸体。

25....,butthere’snowayaroundtherules,oristhere...?(para29)

There’snowayaround…:…是不可避免的,没办法的 e.g.

There'snowayI'magreeingtothat!

这件事我决不同意! There'snowayaroundthisone.这没什么可说的。 Thereisnowayaroundthefactthat+从句：这是一个不争的事实……26....andthebasicparametersformonitoringitestablished.(para33)

Parameter:参数，界限 e.g.

someoftheparametersthatdeterminethetasteofawine.一些决定葡萄酒味道的参数。

DReadingcomprehension

Whatisthemainpurposeofthediscussioninparas1and2?A.ToprovidebackgroundinfoabouttheAmazon.B.Tointroducewhat’suniqueaboutthecountryofBrazil.C.Toofferdetailsaboutnumberousspeciesofplantsandbirds.D.ToexplainwhatscientistsdonotknowabouttheAmazon.DReadingcomprehension

2.Inpara3,theword“critical”isclosestinthemeaningto____.A.floralB.rationalC.possiblydisastrousD.abstractDReadingcomprehension

3.WhatopinionisexpressedbyJawapukuWayapiinpara12?A.Hethinkstherearesomebenefitstomining.B.Hethinkstribesshouldcooperatewiththegovernment’sefforts.C.Hedoesnotthinkthattheauthoritiesarebeingstraightforward.D.Hethinksminerwillobligetheprogram’srequests.DRead