词汇学期末考词根

1.单纯由词根构词1）一个词根构词：（这类词就叫单根词，又称词根）form(形状)----form(形成)firm（固定的）----firm（坚定地）fact（做）----fact（事实）2）词根+词根：（有两个词根构成的单词叫双根词。单纯由两个以上的词根构成的单词比较少见。）manu（手）+script（写）----manuscipt（手稿）ped（男孩）+agogue（引导）----（教师）2.词根和词缀进行缀合构词。1）前缀+词根：pro（向前）+pel（推）----propel（推进）ex（出）+pend（支付）----expend（花费）im（入）+port（运）----import（输入）2）词根+后缀：cosm（宇宙）+ic（…的）----cosmic（宇宙的）doc（教育）+ile（易…的）----docile（驯服的）equ（相等）+ate（使…）----equate（使相等）3）前缀+词根+后缀：intro（进入）+duc（引导）+er（…者）----introducer（引进者；介绍人）pro（向前）+gress（步）+ive（…的）----progressive（进步的）in（不）+vis（看）+ible（可…的）----invisible（不可见的）上述三种缀合构词方式中，词根、前缀或后缀的数量都不限于一个。例如：re（再）+im（入）+port（运）----reimport（再输入）in（不）+co（合）+her（粘）+ent（…的）----incoherent（无粘聚力的；分散的）ego（我）+centr（中心）+ic（…的）----egocentric（以自我为中心的）senti（感觉）+ment（表示行为状态）+al（…的）----sentimental（善感的；多情的）re（反）+act（做）+ion（表示行为）+ary（…的）----reactionary（反动的）因此，只要从单词中辨认出词根的形体，整个单词的结构就一目了然了。例如：spec,spect,spic=tolookexpect[ex=out;(s)pect=tolook----“lookoutforsomething”expectancyexpectantexpectation2)inspect[in=into;spect+tolook]inspectioninspector3)respect[re=again;spect=tolook----“tolookagain]respectable可敬的respectful恭敬的；尊重他人的4)prospect[pro=forward;spect=tolook----“tolookforward]prospective5)suspect[sus(sub)=under;(s)pect=tolook----“tolookatsomebodyfromunderorsecretlyoraskance]suspectablesuspicionsuspicious6)spectator[spect=tolook;ator(or)=person]场面；奇观spectacles眼睛spectacular壮观的其他：species[spec=tolook;ies=things----“thingsthatcanbelookedatorseen”speciate物种形成specific[生物]种的；特定的specification明细单；说明书specialspecialize成为专家speciality专业；特长speciology[生物]物种学specimen标本；样本specious华而不实的speciosity华而不实conspicuous明显的auspice[au（avis）=bird;spic=tolookorobserve----“tolookatorobservebirds’flyinginordertoforetellfortune观察飞鸟以预示运气”]预兆auspicious吉祥的despisedespitedespicable可鄙的introspect内省；反省introspectiveretrospectretrospectivecircumspect小心谨慎的conspectus概观；大纲；一览表conspecific同种的spectrum系列；范围；光谱speculum反射镜specular镜子的perspicacious颖悟的；敏锐的perspicacityperspicuous意思明白的；表达清楚的perspicuutyspectrograph摄谱仪spectrometer分光仪spectroscope分光镜spectroscopy光谱学am,amat=toloveamiableadj.lovableorkindly可爱的；可亲的；和蔼的/anamiableoldladyamiablenessn.仁慈；厚道amateurn.personwhodoessomethingforlovingit(ratherthanformoney);personwhopractisesanart,sportorscienceforhisownpleasure业余爱好者/aradioamateur业余无线电爱好者amateurismn.业余活动amateurishadj.likeanamateur(ratherthanaprofessionalhand)unskillful不老练的/Heisstillamateurishinplayinggolf.他打起高尔夫球来，还不老练。amateurishnessn.外行amicableadj.inafriendlyspirit,orpeaceable友好的；和睦的/amicablerelations友好关系；amicablesettlement和解amicabilityn.友好；和睦；温和amourn.(-our=thestateorresultof)lovingortheresultofloving1.love恋爱2.loveaffair,especiallydiscreditableone桃色事件；不正当男女关系amorousadj.恋爱的；多情的enamourv.[en=tomakeorcausetobe;amour=love“tomakeloveto,ortocausetobeinlove向…求爱，使恋爱”]inflamewithlove;charm使倾心；使迷恋/Herbeautyenamouredtheprince.王子被她的美貌迷住了。amouredadj.倾心的amatoryadj.[-ory=relatedto与…有关的，relatedtoloving;expressinglove恋爱的；爱慕的/anamatorypoem情诗其他：amityn.和好；和睦enemyn.敌人（en-表示相反；em是am的变体；-y是名词后缀。）unamiableadj.amoristn.专写恋爱的作家inamorata女情人；情妇inamorato男情人anim=life(mind,spirit,soul)animal[anim=life;-aln.=thingcharacterizedby具有…特征的东西]n.(1)anycreature动物/Isitanimal,vegetable,ormineral?(2)anycreatureotherthanman/theanimalsinthezoo.(3)anycreatureotherthanaman,abird,fishorinsect/awildanimal野兽animalismn.动物性；兽欲animalizev.使动物化animate[-ateadj.=having有…的]I.(1)living/animateobjects生物（2）fulloflifeorspirits/ananimateyouth朝气蓬勃的年轻人II.V.givelifeto,ormakealive使活跃/Hisjokesanimatedtheconversation.animationn.活跃；生气animosity[-osity=specialstateorquality]N.strongdislke;hatred敌意；仇恨/animositiesbetweenclassesmagnanimity[magn-=great;-ity=thequalityof]n.thespiritofbeingunuauallygenerous,orgenerosity宽宏大量/Heshowedhismagnanimityinforgivingyou.他原谅了你，可见其宽宏大量。magnanimous宽宏大量的equanimity[equ=even平衡的]n.calmnessorsteadinessofmind沉着；镇定/Hefacedthedisasterwithequanimity.面对着那灾难，他泰然处之。equanimousadj.沉着的；镇定的longanimity[anim=spirit,“thequalityofspiritabletoendurelong]rance;forbearance忍耐性；坚韧性/Heisremarkableforhislonganimityinstruggle.他在斗争中以坚韧著称。longanimousadj.坚韧的；忍耐的unanimous[un=one;anim=spirit,mind;-ous=having]adj.Havingonemind,orsharingthesameview思想一致的；观点统一的/Theconferencewasunanimousinsupportofthedecision.会议一致拥护这项决议。unanimityn.全体一致；无异议animalistic动物性的animality动物性animalization动物化animator鼓舞者animated栩栩如生的unanimously无异议地inanimateanimalcule(cule=smallthing)n.微生物reanimate使复活；使恢复生气；鼓舞animism万物有灵论；泛灵信仰animus仇恨；敌意（animosity)exanimate已死；无生气animadvert(advert=talkabout);animadversion批评；指责；非难arch,archy=rule统治

anarchy[a(n)=no,without无；archy=ruleorgovernment治理，政府>noruleorgovernment缺乏治理，没有政府]n.absenceofgovernmentorcontrol无政府状态；无秩序/Hebelievesthatanyformofgovernmentisbetterthananarchy.anarchica.无政府主义的anarchismn.anarchistn.monarch[mon=one,alone单独；arch=ruler>onlyoneruler,orapersonwhorulesacountryalone单独治理国家者]n.kingorsovereign国王；君主/Themonanchwasousted.国王被赶下台了。monarchala.国王的；君主的monarchy[archy=government>governmentbyoneperson单人统治的政体]ernmentorlandruledbyamonarchy君主政体；君主国/Chinawasonceamonarchy.中国过去曾是个君主国。monarchica.君主制的；君主国的monarchismn.君主制度；君主主义oligarchy[olig-=few少，寡>ruleorgovernmentbyafewpersons只由少数人统治的政府]n.ruleorgovernmentbyafew,oftenfortheirowninterests寡头政治；寡头统治的政府/AncientSpartawasreallyoligarchy.古斯巴达实际上是寡头统治的国家。oligarchica.寡头政治的polyarchy[poly-=many多]n.ruleorgovernmentbymanyheads多头政治matriarch[matri=mother母；arch=ruler统治者>arulerwhoisamother母权统治者]n.womanwhorulesalargefamilyortribe女家长；女族长/Thetribewasonceledbymatriarchs.那个部落一度一女族长为首。matriarchala.女家长的；女族长的matriarchy[matri=mother;archy=rule>arulebymothersonly母权统治]n.socialgrouporsystemruledonlybywomen母权制；母系氏族制/Manyancientsocietieswerematriarchies.许多远古社会是母权制社会。archives[-ive=thing>documentsbelongingtorulersorgovernmentofficers属于统治者或政府官员的文件]n.1）publicrecords档案2）placeinwhichpublicrecordsarestored档案室；档案馆/thecentralarchivesofthestate国家的中央档案馆archivistn.档案保管员archivala.关于档案的；在档案中的archenemy[arch-=chief主要的；enemy敌人]n.chiefenemy首敌；大敌architect[arch-=chief;-i-;tect=builder建筑者>chiefbuilder建筑者的首领]n.designerofbuildings建筑师；设计师architecturen.建筑学architecturala.建筑学的；建筑上的architectonica.关于建筑的Others:patriarchpatriarchytriarchyarchbishoparch-criminalarchangelarchon执政者plutarchy富豪统治diarchy两头政治archpriest大祭司archfiend魔王；撒旦archipelago群岛architrave楣梁audi,audit=tohearaudience[audi=tohear;-encen.=theactorstateof>“theactorstateofhearinginacertainoccasion”]n.1)intervieworconference会见；接见/Theforeignguesshadanaudiencewiththemayor.2)thepeopleassembledtohearsomething听众/Therewillbealargeaudiencetoday.auditorium[-oriumn.=place场所>”placeforhearingsomething]n.1)buildingorroomformeetings礼堂；讲厅2）thespaceallotedtothehearers听众席audible[-iblea.=capableof能被…的]a.capableofbeingheard,orloudenoughtobeheard听得见的；可闻的/Theirwhispersarehardlyaudible.他们咬耳朵，别人听不见。audibilityn.[物理]可闻度audit[audit=“tohearalecture听课；tohearareportonfinancialaccounts听取会计汇报]v.1)attendclassinauniversitywithoutintendingtoreceiveagrade(大学）旁听/Heisauditingahistorycourseatcollege.2)inspectorexamine(financialaccounts)审查（账目）/Theyearlyaccountswillbeauditedbyaspecialcommittee.auditorn.(大学）旁听生；查账audition[-ionn.theactof]n.1)hearing听2）trialhearing(toanactororsinger)(对演员等）试听/togiveanauditiontoasinger听一个歌手试唱以决定是否录用。audile[-ilea.=pertainingto…的]a.pertaininttohearingorthesenseofhearing听的；听觉的/audilepower听的功能auditory[-orya.relatingto]a.relatingtothesenseofhearing听觉的/auditorynerves听神经audiology[-o-;logyn.abranchofscience]n.thesciencedealingwiththesenseofhearing听觉学audiologistn.听觉学学者audioIa.pertainingtosoundorsoundwaves声音的；声波的/audio-frequency音频IIn.broadcastorrecordedsound播音；录音/Mytelevisionsethasagoodpicturebyweakaudio.我的电视及图像清晰，但收音不好。

Others:audiometer听力计audio-visual视听法的audiophile音响效果爱好者audiometry测听术audio-frequency音频audio-engineer无线电广播技师audiphone助听器audiotypistauditress女听者；女查帐员；女审计员auditorial审计的；审计员的subaudition言外之意；弦外之音；领悟言外之意bi,bio=life

biology[bio=life,-logy=abranchofscience]n.thescienceoflifeinall生物学Zoologyandbotanyarethemaindivisionsofbiology.动物学和植物学是生物学的两门主要分科。biologistbiologicalbiography[bio=life生命，生活；-graphy=writing著作>“writingaboutone’slife]n.writtenaccountaboutaperson’slife传记/aMarkbiographybiographerbiographicalbiographizev.为…作传记biocide[bio=life=harmfullivingbeings害虫；-cide=substancewhichkills杀…剂]n.substancewhichkillsharmfullivingbeings杀虫剂microbial[micro-=small,tiny;bi=life;-al=of…的>“oftinylife”]a.ofmicroscopicorganisms微生物的/themicrobialenemyofman人类的微生物敌人antibiotic[anti-=opposing,against；-otica.=havingthequalityof具有…性能的>“opposingthegrowingofacertainlife]Ia.opposingthelivingofdisease-carryingbacteria抑制病菌的；抗生的/antibioticsubstance抗生素IIn.antibioticsubstance抗生素biochemistrybiochemistbiophysicsbiophysicistmicrobialmicrobiologymicrobiologistmicrobemicrobianamphibian两栖动物(的）amphibiousmacrobian长寿的（人）macrobioticsbioticbioplasm原生质biocleana.生物地理学bioclimatologyb.无菌的bioelectricityc.生物气候学biogeographyd.生物工艺学biospheree.生物电流biotechnologyf.生物圈、生命层Others:biogenesis生源论；生物起源biometrics生物统计学;生物测定学；寿命统计biometrician生物统计学家bionomy生态学；生命学(nom=law)bionomics个体生态学epibiotic生物体表生的;残存的(epi-=out)cad,cas,cid=tofall,tobefalldecadent[de-=down;cad=tofall;-enta.=-ing表示性质>”fallingdown”]a.fallingdownmorally;fallingintoruin堕落的；颓败的/TheQingEmpirehadbecomedecadentbythattime.当时清帝国已经腐败了。decadence[-ence是-ent的对应名词后缀]n.衰落；颓废case[cas=tobefall降临；-e>“thatwhichfefall降临之事]n.event;condition事情；情况/atypicalcase典型事件；ingoodcase情况良好的casual[cas=tobefall;-uala.=havingthequalityof…>“havingthequalityofbefallingorhappeningbychance具有偶发性质的”]a.1)notplanned偶然的/acasualmeeting巧遇2）notserious;informal随便的；非正式的/casualclothing便服casualnessn.偶然；碰巧casualityn.事故死亡者occasion[oc-(ob-)=inthewayof在…面前；cas=tobefall,orhappen降临，发生；-ionn.=thestateorresultof=“thatwhichbefallsorhappensinone’sway降临在面前的事，迎面发生的事”]n.1)instanceorcase情况2）favorabletime,oropportunity时机；机会/agoodoccasion好机会occasional偶尔的decay[de-=down;cay(cad的变形)=tofall]Iv.falldownfromastateofhealthandexcellence;rot衰退；腐朽/Theoldman’steetharealldecayed.IIn.fallingdownintoaworsestate,orruin衰退；腐朽/tofallintodecay衰败deciduous[de-=down,off下，离；cid=tofall;-u-;-ousa.=havingthequalityof]a.havingthequalityoffallingoffatacertaintime定期脱落的/deciduoustrees落叶林coincide[co-(com-)=togetherwith；in-=upon在…之上；cid=tobefall>“tobefallupontogether共同降临在…之上”]v.1)happenatthesametimeorsameplace(在时间、空间上）恰好相合/Mybirthdaycoincidedwithyours.我恰好和你同一天生日。2）agree；correspond一致；符合/Theydidnotcoincideinopinion.coincidenta.同时发生的；一致的occident[oc-(ob-)=down,towards下，向；cid=tofall;-entn.=thingconnectedwith与…有关的事物>“theplaceordirectiontowardswhichtheheavenlybodiesweresupposedtofalldown前人认为天体降落的地方或方向”]n.1)thewest2)thewesternhemisphere西半球/theOccident亚洲以西的全部国家；欧洲；欧美；西半球occidentala.西方的cascaden.瀑布cadencen.声调的抑扬；节奏occident(西方）cid=tofallorient(东方）ori=？1.occasionalitya.使西化2.coincidenceb.偶然性3.occidentalizec.巧合4.cadencedd.常绿的5.indeciduouse.声调抑扬的cand=toglow,tobewhitecandle[cand=toglow发光；-len.=smallobject小物件>“smallobjectwhichglow]n.smallcylinderofwaxforgivinglightbyburning蜡烛candid[cand=tobewhite;-ida.=havingaspecialquality>“beingmorallywhiteorclean心灵洁白的”]a.frank;truthful坦白的；正直的/acandidopinion直言candidate[cand=tobewhite;-ida.=havingaspecialquality;-aten.=person>“personwearingwhite”>“office-seekerinancientRome,whoworeawhiterobetoshowhisfidelityandhumility穿白袍以显示其忠诚谦让的古罗马的寻求公职者”]n.personwhoseeksanofficeinanelection候选人/apresidentialcandidatecandidaturen.候选人资格；提名候选candor[cand=tobewhite;-ourn.=thequalityof>“thequalityofbeingwhite洁白的品质”]n.thenatureofbeinghonestandtruthful诚实；正直/amanofgreatcandour襟怀坦白的人candescent[cand=toglow;-escenta.=beginningto>“beginningtoglow”]a.glowingwithwhiteheat白热的；炽亮的/acandescentmeteorite明亮的流星candescence白热；明亮Incandescent[in=in;candescent白热的]a.1)glowingwhitewithheat;shiningbrightly白热的；白炽的/anincandescentlamp白炽灯2）brilliant;radiant光辉的；卓越的/Thelanguageofthisplayisincandescent.这个剧本的台词写得好极了。Incandescencen.白热；白炽Others:candenta.白热的；灼热的candidatitisn.提前来到办公室的习惯incendiaryn.纵火者（cend是candde变体）censev.烧香censern.香炉incensev.焚香incensoryn.香炉candela烛光candelabrum烛台candlestick烛台candlelight烛光；黄昏incandesce(incandescence的逆生动词）

ced,ceed,cess=togoantecedent[ante-=before;ced=togo;enta.=-ing]a.goingbefore;previous先行的；先前的/TheMingDynastywasantecedenttotheChingDynasty.明朝在清朝之前。antecedencen.先行；居先antecessor[ante-=before;cess=togo;-orn.=person]n.personwhogoesbeforetheothers先行者；先驱者/antecessorsofthetimes时代的先行者proceed[pro-=forward;ceed=togo]v.1)goforward前进；进行/Thetalkproceededinafriendlyatmosphere.2）goforwardafterastop,orcontinue继续/Let’sproceedtothenextitemontheagenda.让我们进入下一项议程。proceedingn.程序；进程procedure[pro-=forward;ced=togo;-uren.=themannerof>“themannerofsomething’sgoingforward”]n.courseofaction过程；程序/legalprocedureprocedurald.过程的；程序的process[pro-=forward;cess=togo>going>“goingforward”]n.forwardmovement过程；进程/theprocessofhistoryprocessionn.队伍行进；行列succeed[suc-(sub-)=fromunder自下而上;ceed=togo>“togofromunder(toahigherposition)自下面上行到较高位子”]v.1)taketheplacepreviouslyoccupied继承；接替/Anewcabinethassuceededtheoldone.2)reachone’saim成功；成就/Hesucceededineverything.他事事如意。successionn.继承；连续successivea.相继的；连续的successn.成功accede[ac-(ad-)=to到；ced=togo;-e>“togotoanoffice走马上任”]v.enteruponanoffice就职/Theprinceaccededtothethroneandbecamethemonarch.王子即位成了国君。accessionn.就职access[ac-=to到；cess=togo>going>“goingtosomeplace]n.approach接近；进入/aplacedifficultofaccess难于进入的地方accessiblea.可以进去的；易于接近的exceed[ex-=out,beyond外；ceed=togo>“togobeyond走出界了”]v.surpass超出/Thismonth’sincomeexceedslastmonth’s.exceedinglyad.非常地；极端地excess[ceed>cess]n.过分；过剩excessivea.过多的；过分的；极度的precede[pre-=before;ced=togo;-e]v.gobeforeorgoinfrontof先行；居先/TheMingDynastyprecededtheChingDynasty.precedencen.居先precedenta.在先的；优先的precession[ced>cess]n.向前的运动；先行;行进；行列reced[re-=backward向后；ced=togo;-e>“togobackward”]v.withdraw后退；退却/Thefloodhasreceded.洪水已退。recession[ced>cess]n.后退recessivea.后退的；隐退的recessn.休息；休会；凹进处secede[se-=apart;ced=togo;-e]v.goapart(frommembershipofsomebody)脱离；退出（某团体）/Hesecededfromtheorganizationin1990.secedern.退出者；退党者；退教者secession[ced>cess]n.脱离；退出concede[con-=thoroughly彻底地；ced=togo;-e>“thoroughlygoaway(fromanopponent)完全离开（对手）”]v.giveup/Hehasmademanycandidatesconcede.他已经使得许多候选人退让了。concessionn.让步；让与物；租界concessivea.让步的antecedenta.先行的>antecede(v.居前；胜过)precedentn.先例>unprecedented(a.)intercession(调解）intercessorabscess(abs-=from)脓肿accessoryaccessaryadj.附属的；附带的；从犯的n.附件；装饰品；从犯proceedings进行；行动；诉讼；会议记录；议程proceeds收入；收益1）inaccessiblea.分离主义2）recessionalb.达不到的3）secessionismc.后退的4）processionald.继承人5）concessionairee.列队行进的6）successorf.让受人bcaefdcern,cret=toseparateconcern[con-(com)=thoroughly彻底地；toseparate区分>“tobeabletoseparateordistinguishthoroughlyinthemind>“tointerestoneselfverymuch”]Iv.1)involveorworry(oneself)关心；牵挂/Wemustconcernourselveswiththestateaffairs.2)relateto;affect与…有关；影响/Itisanimportantpolicythatconcernsthelifeofthepeople.IIn.theactorstateofconcerning关心；挂念；关系/Heshowedmuchconcernforme.他很关心我。concerningprep.关于concerneda.有关的concernmentn.所关心的事；挂念；重要性discern[dis-=apart离开；cern=toseparate区分>“toseparatesomethingapartfromtheothers]v.1)recognize;makeout认出；辨别/todiscerntheroadinthedark在暗中认路；todiscernthetruthfromthefalse2)perceive觉察/todiscernastrangeordour问出怪未来discernmentn.识别；明辨；见识discerninga.有洞察力的discerniblea.看得清的；辨得出的secret[se-=apart;cret=toseparate>“beingseparatedapartandkeptfromtheotherpersons被分隔开不为他人所知的”]Ia.hidden;concealed隐蔽的；秘密的/asecretpassage暗道;asecrettreaty秘密条约IIn.somethingsecret秘密的事物/anopensecretsecrecyn.秘密；秘密状态secretary[secretn.秘密的事物；-aryn.=person>“personwhoisconnectedwithsecrets”]n.personwhohandlessecretrecords,papers,etc.forhisowner秘书/aprivatesecretary私人秘书secretariala.秘书的；有关秘书事务的secretariatn.秘书处；书记处discreet[dis-=apart;creet(cret)=toseparate分开>“beingcarefullyseparatedapart(fromerrors)]a.havingdiscernment;Tactful明智的；审慎的/Hemaintainedadiscreetsilenceatthemeeting.他很明智，在会上一直不发表意见。discreetnessn.谨慎discretionn.谨慎；判断discret[dis-=apart;cret=separated分离的；-e]a.separatedapart;distinct;totallydifferent分离的；分立的；相异的/Modestyandcoynessaretwodiscretequalities.谦虚有节与忸怩作态是本质不同的两码事。discretionn.离散；分立；不连续secrete[se-=apart;cret=toseparate分离；-e>“toseparateoneselfapartfromothers]v.conceal,orhide藏匿/Hesecretedhimselfinacave.secretionn.藏匿；隐藏secretivea.爱遮掩的Secrete[se-=apart;cret=toseparate;-e>“toseparate)somenecessarysubstances)apartfrom(anorganinthebody)]ducebysecretion分泌/Thestomachsecretesgastricjuice.胃分泌出胃液。secretionn.分泌作用；分泌液secretorn.分泌管；分泌腺secretorya.分泌的；促进分泌的辨义：1）discretea.______discreeta.______2)secretaryn.______secretorya.______indiscerniblea.不明智的indiscreetb.觉察不出的indiscretec.不审慎；轻率indiscretiond.不分开的；紧凑点猜义：1）decree法令;decretal法令的，教皇的教书;decretive法令的2)supersecret3)unconcern;unconcerned4)undersecretary副部长；次长5)incretion内分泌（物）6）excrete排泄；分泌cert=settled确定的certain[cert=settled;-aina.=being有…性质的>“beingsettled带确定性质的”]a.settled;undoubtful确定的；确实的/Theevidenceiscertain.证据确凿。certainty[certain确实的；-tyn.=thestateorfact]n.1)sureness确实2）thingwhichiscertain确实的事；必然的事/Weshallwin,thatisacertainty.ascertain[as-(a-,相当于ad-)=to对于；certain确实的>“tobecertaintosomeone]v.makecertain;findoutforcertain确定,查明/Wemustascertainwherethetroublelies.ascertainablea.可确定的；可查明的ascertainmentn.确定；查明certify[cert=settled,certain;-i-;-fyv.=tomake>“tomake(somethingdoubtable)settled”]v.makeknownascertainbyinformingwithcertainty证实；证明/Themanwascertifiedasinnocent.那人被证实无罪。certifiern.证实者；证明者certifiablea.可证明的certificate[cert=certain;-i-;fic(fac的异体）=make;-aten.=thing>“thingwhichmakescertainorascertains起证明或确证作用的东西”]In.formaldocumentascertainingafact证明书/ahealthcertificateIIv.giveacertificateto发证明给…;批准/Heiscertificatedasdoctor.他获得执照行医。certificateda.有证书的certificationn.证明；证明书certitude[cert=certain;-ituden.=thestateoffeeling表示感情、想法>“thestateoffeelingcertain”]n.1)thefactoffeelingcertainorconvinced确信/Certitudeisnotthetestofcertainty.确信之事未必是确实之事。2）thingwhichisconsideredcertain被确信的事/Itiscertitudetomethatheisguilty.我确信他是有罪的。Others:uncertainuncertaintyuncertainlyincertitudecid,cis=tocutdecide[de-=away;cid=tocut;-e>“tocutaway”>“tocutshortthecourseofsomedevelopmentandbringanendtoit裁断某过程，使之告结”]v.settlebygivingjudgement裁决；决定/Thequestionhasbeendecided.decidablea.可以决定的；解决的了的decideda.决定了的；坚决的decision[decis=todecide;-ionn.=theactorresult]n.theactorresultofdeciding决定；决议/Thematteriscomingtoadecision.事情要决定下来了。excide[ex-=out,away;cid=tocut;-e]v.cutout;cutawayfrom切开；切除/Thesurgeonexcidedthecarbunclewithgreatskill.外科医生熟练地切除痈疽。excisionn.切除；删除concise[con-(com-)=thoroughly彻底地；cis=tocut;-e>“beingthoroughlycut>“beingcutofftheunnecessaryparts”]a.cutshort;brief简洁的；简明的/Writeaconcisesummaryofthebook.concisenessn.简明扼要concisionn.文风简明precise[pre-=beforehand事先；cis=tocut;-e>“cuttingorbeingcutoffvaguenessbeforehand事先已切除含糊不清的东西的]a.clear-cut;exact;accurate明确的；准确的；精确地/Can’tyoubemorepreciseinyouranswer?precisenessn.精确；确切precisionn.精确性；精密性incise[in-=into;cis=tocut;-e]v.1)cutinto/Heincisedthecanwithaknife.2)engrave雕刻/Theyareincisingabust.他在雕刻一座半身像。Incisionn.切入；切开；雕刻Incisuren.切口；刀痕Incisive[in-=into;cis=tocut;-ivea.=like象…的>“likecuttinginto象刀切进去一般”]a.cutting;biting;sharporkeen锐利的；尖锐的；透彻的/Shecouldnotbearthoseincisivecriticisims她接受不了那些尖锐的批评。incisivenessn.尖锐性由cid生成的后缀–cide表示killing或killer：Homicide[homi=man;-ciden.=killing,killer]n.1)killingofman杀人2)killerofman杀人者homicidala.杀人的bactericide[bacteri=bacteria细菌；-ciden.=killer]n.killerofbacteria杀菌剂bactericidala.杀菌的suicide[sui=oneself;-ciden.=killing,killer>“killingorkillerofoneself”]In.1)killingofoneself/politicalsuicide2)onewhokillshimselfintentionally自杀者IIv.killoneself/Hewasforcedtosuide.suicidal[suicid(e)n.;-al]a.自杀的cad的异体cid(=tofallorbefall),与cid（tocut)同形，请判断：accidentdecidablecoincideexcidemicrobicidedeciduousoccidenthomicideOthers:undecideda.indecisionn.indecisivea.incisorn.切牙；门牙precisiann.严守规则者；清教徒-cide作为后缀，判断下列词义：tyrannicidematricidefratricideinsecticidevermicidefungicideparasiticide(杀死寄生虫)claim,clam(at)=tocalloutdeclaim[de-=completely;claim=tocallout>“tocalloutortospeakloudlyandfully]v.giveaformalspeech演讲/Thecandidatedeclaimedagainstthegovernment.那个竞选人发表演讲责难政府。declaimern.演讲者；朗诵者declamation[declaim的对应名词:declaimat=declaim演讲；-ionn.=theactof]n.1)theactorartofdeclaiming演讲；雄辩术2）formalspeech/Theministerdeliveredalongdeclamation.declamatory[declaim的对应形容词:declaimat=declaim；-orya.=characterizedby]a.1)characterizedbydeclaiming2)bombastic言过其实的；夸夸其谈的/Iamboredwithhislonganddeclamatoryspeech.exclaim[ex-=out;claim=tocallorshout“tocallorshoutout”]v.cryoutsuddenlyfrompain,anger,surprise,etc./“Help!Help!”sheexclaimed.exclaimationn.呼喊；惊叫proclaim[pro-=forward;claim=tocryout>“tocallorspeakforward(beforethepublic)]v.makeknownbeforethepublic;declareorannounceofficially宣布；声明；宣告/Tclaimationn.宣布；声明；公布；布告reclaim[re-=back;claim=tocall>“tocallback”>“tocallbackortowinawayfromvice,error,savageryorwastecondition从罪恶、错误、野蛮或荒废状态中召唤回来”]v.1)reform;civilize改造；感化/Wemustreclaimhimfromvice.我们要使他改恶从善。2）bringundercultivation开拓；垦荒/toreclaimfieldsfromwaste-land开荒造田reclaimablea.可改造的；可开垦的reclaimationn.开垦；感化claim[claim=tocallout>“tospeakloudlyforone’sowninterest]v.demandasone’sdueorproperty要求；索取/Wehaveclaimedcompensationforyhelossesfromtheforeigncompany.claimern.根据权利提出要求者claimablea.可要求的；可认领的acclaim[ac-(ad-)=to;claim=tocallout>“tocalloutcheerfullytosomebody]v.hail;welcomeorapplaudenthusiastically向…欢呼；为…喝彩/Wewarmlyacclaimtheopeningofthecongress.acclamationn.欢呼；喝彩disclaim[dis-=toreversetheactionof;claimv.要求；索取>“toreversetheactionofclaiming做与要求或索取相反的事]v.deny;disavow否认；抵赖/Hedisclaimedhisresponsibilityfortheaccident.disclaimern.否认；否认者clamour[clam=toshout;-ourn.thestateof>“thestateorresultofshouting”]n.1)shoutoroutcryfordemand,appeal,etc.叫喊；呼声/Aclamourofprotestwentupfromthemasses.群众发出了抗议的呼声。2）noisemadebyshouting吵闹声；喧嚷/Theclamourofthetrafficgavemeaheadche.Clamorousa.喧闹的Others:counterclaim反诉unreclaimedclaimant提出要求者clamanta.喧闹的1)declamatorya.欢呼的2)proclamatoryb.惊叹的3)exclamatoryc.雄辩的4)acclamatoryd.宣言的clin=tobend,tolean弯，倾incline[in-=toward；clin=tobendorlean;-e>]v.1)bendforward,orbowone’sbody/Sheinclinedoverthesleepingbaby.弯腰俯视。2）leantowards,ortendorprefer倾向；喜爱/Iwouldinclinetohisview.inclinationn.倾向；爱好；点头；弯腰inclinablea.倾向于…的；赞成…的disincline[dis-=not;inclinev.倾向于，喜爱>“nottoincline”]