大学英语精读4Unit2海老师精品课件

BeforeReading_4_1AnEnglishSongDirections:Listentothesongandfillintheblanks.

Green,GreenGrassofHomeTheoldhometownlooksthesame,AsIfromthetrain.Andtheretomeetmeismymammaandmypapa.DowntheroadIlook,andthererunsMary,Hairofgoldandlipslike,It’sgoodtotouchthe.Yes,they’llallcometomeetme,Armsa-reachin’,,It’sgoodtotouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.■stepdown________cherries_______green,greengrassofhome_______________________smilingsweetly_____________Theoldhouseisstillstanding,Thoughthepaintis.Andthere'sthatoldoaktree,ThatIusedtoplayon.I’llwalkwithmysweetMary,Hairofgoldandlipslikecherries.It’sgoodtotouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.ThenIaroundme,Atthefourgraywallsthatsurroundme,AndIrealize.YesIwas,Forthere’saguardandthere’sasadoldpadre,we’llwalkatdaybreak,AgainI’lltouchthegreen,greengrassofhome.Yesthey’llallcometoseemethatoldoaktree,Astheylaymemeetthegreen,greengrassofhome.BeforeReading_4_2crackedanddry_____________Downthelane____________awakeandlook_____________onlydreaming_____________Arminarm__________intheshadeof____________DeerandtheEnergyCycle

AaronN.MoenBeforeReading_5_1BackgroundInformation1.DeerThereareabout100differentkindsofdeer.Someliveingrasslands.Othersliveinforests.Thefemaledeerbecomespregnantannuallyinlateautumn,producingonetothreeyounginlatespringorearlysummer.Thenormallifespanis15to20years.■GlobeReading_1ScanningDirections:Scanthetextanddiscussinpairs,listthefactsaboutthelifeofdeerinfourseasons.eatasmuchastheycan,storingtheexcessintheformoffat;activeingrowing,reproducingorstoringfatadultmales:growantlersandgetfatadultfemales:givebirthtoyoung;producemilkfawns:becomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandbegintosearchforgrowingplantsasfood.1.Summer:continuetoeathighqualityfoodinordertodepositfatforthewinter.2.Fall:reducetheiractivity,growawintercoatofhair,andlowertheirmetabolism;usethereservesoffattosurvivethecoldwinter.3.Winter:becomeactiveagain.4.Spring:BeforeReading_5_2Directions:Listentothefollowingpassage，writedownthewordsyou’veheard.2.EnergyCrisisEnergycrisisreferstoacriticalinthesupplyofenergy-producingfuels,suchasgas,oil,and.Duringtheearly1970’s,thedemandforpetroleumincreased,andWesterncountriesdependedheavilyonimported.ThesituationbecameworseduringtheArab-IsraeliWarof1973,whentheArabnations

totheUnitedStatesandothercountriesthatIsrael,causinganacuteenergyshortageinthesecountriesduringthewinterof1973to1974.shortage________coal_____sharply_______supplies_______reduced_______supported________■oilproductionandembargoedoilshipmentsBeforeReading_1_1Directions:Whatwordswilloccurtoyouwheneverwementiontheword“energy”？

Writedownasmanywordsaspossibleaboutit.ENERGYheatsolarenergywindcoalgasoilatomicenergynuclearenergyenergyresourcesenergycrisisconservationofenergy,wind,fossil,BeforeReading_2_1.1Tips:

Directions:Watchthevideoandwritedownthekindsofenergymentioned.flowingwatersolar,chemicalreaction,nuclearBeforeReading_2_1.2Windpower:Fossilfuels:AnancientsourceundergoingarevivalwithmodernturbinetechnologyDerivedfromlong-deadorganicandanimalmatter.Oil,coal,andnaturalgasareallfossilfuels.Micro-Hydro:Small-scalesystemstaptheenergyofflowingwater.Thesearenottobeconfusedwithbigdamprojectswhichtotallytransformecosystems,wreakingenvironmentalhavoc.BeforeReading_2_1.3Solarenergy:Thesun’spowercanbeharnessedinvariousways:byusingphotovoltaiccellstogenerateelectricitydirectly;byusingthermalcollectorstomakesteamtogenerateelectricity;byusingpassivesolarmaterialsthatmaximizeorretainthesun’sheat.Biomass:Biomassisvegetalororganicmaterial－includingdungandplants－andbio-fuelsarethesolidorliquidorgaseousfuelsthatderivefromit.Wood,methaneandalcoholareallbio-fuels.BeforeReading_2_1.4Nuclearenergy:Currentlyproducedby“fission”.Anatomissplit－usinguranium－andtheheatproduceddrivessteamturbinestogenerateelectricity.Article_SIsthereanythingwecanlearnfromdeer?Duringthe“energycrisis”of1973－1974thewriterofthisessaywaslivinginnorthernMinnesotaandwasabletoobservehowdeersurvivewhenwinterarrives.Thelessonshelearnsaboutthewaydeerconserveenergyturnoutapplicabletooureverydaylife.DeerandtheEnergyCycle

有什么是我们能从鹿身上学到的吗?在1973-1974年的“能源危机”期间，本文作者正住在明尼苏达北部，能够观察当冬天来临时，鹿如何生存。他从鹿储存能量的方法上得到的经验也能够运用到我们的日常生活中。Somepersonssaythatlovemakestheworldgoround.Othersofalessromanticandmorepracticalturnofmindsaythatitisn’tlove;it’smoney.Butthetruthisthatitisenergythatmakestheworldgoround.Energyisthecurrencyoftheecologicalsystemandlifebecomespossibleonlywhenfoodisconvertedintoenergy,whichinturnisusedtoseekmorefoodtogrow,toreproduceandtosurvive.Onthiscyclealllifedepends.Article1_S

有些人说，爱情驱使世界运转；另一些并不那么罗曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说，不是爱情，而是金钱。但真实情况是，能量驱使世界运转。能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来获取更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存，生命才成为可能。所有生命都维系在这一循环上。Otherpeoplewhoaremorepracticalsaythatitismoneynotlovethatmakestheworldgoaround.

Itisfairlywellknownthatwildanimalssurvivefromyeartoyearbyeatingasmuchastheycanduringtimesofplenty,thesummerandfall,storingtheexcess,usuallyintheformoffat,andthenusingthesereservesoffattosurviveduringthehardtimesinwinterwhenfoodisscarce.But,itisprobablylesswellknownthatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.差不多众所周知，野生动物得以年复一年地生存下去，主要依靠在夏秋生长旺季尽量多吃，通常将多余的部分以脂肪的形式储存起来，然后到了冬天食物稀少的艰难时期，就用这些储备的脂肪来维持生命。然而，很可能鲜为人知的是即使有储备的脂肪，野生动物在冬天消耗的能量比夏天要少。Theyareparalleledphrasesusedasobjectsofpreposition“by”.Article2_SAgoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.

一个很好的例证是白尾鹿。与大多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生长并储存脂肪。一只成熟健壮的母鹿，在十一月份怀胎，五月底或六月初生下两只幼鹿，这时，它必须寻找食物以获得必要的能量，这不仅是为了满足自身的需要，而且也是为了给幼鹿生产乳汁。Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.产乳的最佳期也正是植物生长茂盛之时。这个时机选择得很好，因为乳汁生产是一个消耗能量的过程——它需要大量的食物，除非该地区具有丰富的食物资源，否则无法满足这种消耗。Itiswell-chosentime,becauseproducingmilkisaprocessofusingupenergyanditalsoneedsalotoffood.Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.

Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Article3_S

夏季一天天过去，幼鹿日渐生长，它们变得较少依赖母鹿的乳汁，而更加依靠生长中的植物为其食物来源。雄性成鹿在夏天生长鹿角并养肥身体。在秋天，雄鹿和雌鹿都继续进食高质量食物，贮存体内脂肪，以备过冬。至于雌鹿和幼鹿，由于大量的能量用于产奶或生长，脂肪的积累速度不如完全成熟的雄鹿快。脂肪储备如同银行里的存款，供冬天食物来源不足时和有时由于雪深难以获得时，支取使用。

Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.

随着秋去冬来，还会发生其他变化:幼鹿失去皮毛上的斑纹，所有鹿身上的毛长厚，颜色变深。毛皮的变化通常持续到9月。到11月或12月天气变冷时，毛长得最厚。Butinaddition,natureprovidesafurthersafeguardtohelpdeersurvivethewinter—aninternalphysiologicalresponsewhichlowerstheirmetabolism,orrateofbodilyfunctioning,andhenceslowsdowntheirexpenditureofenergy.Thedeerbecomesomewhatslowanddrowsy.Theheartratedrops.Animalsthathibernatepracticeenergyconservationtoagreaterextremethandeerdo.Althoughdeerdon’thibernate,theydothesamethingwiththeirseasonalrhythmsinmetabolism.Article4_S此外，大自然还为鹿提供进一步的保护以帮助它们度过冬天——体内生理机能作相应调节，放慢新陈代谢，亦即生理活动的速度，从而降低能量的消耗。鹿变得有点动作迟缓、嗜睡。它们的心率减慢。冬眠的动物保存能量的习性胜过鹿。虽然鹿不冬眠，但他们随季节改变新陈代谢节奏的习性则是一样的。

Deerhaveanothernaturalmeansofprotectionagainstthethreatofthecoldwinter.Deerspendmoreenergyandstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenfoodisabundant,andspendlessenergyandusestoredfatinthewinterwhenfoodislessavailable.夏秋间，食物充裕的时候，鹿消耗较多的能量并储存脂肪。在冬天食物匮乏时，它们则消耗较少的能量并使用储存的脂肪。

Whenthe“energycrisis”firstcamein1973－1974,IwaslivingwithmyfamilyinacabinontheedgeofanareawheredeerspendthewinterinnorthernMinnesota,observingthedeerastheirbehaviorchangedfrommoreactivityinsummerandfalltolessaswinterprogressed,followedbyanincreaseagaininthespringasthesnowmelted.1973-1974年间，第一次出现“能源危机”的时候，我正与家人住在明尼苏达州北部一处鹿群过冬地方的边缘地带。我们住在一个小屋里，观察鹿的生活习性，观察它们是如何随着冬季来临从夏秋的活动频繁状态而变得少动的，而到春暖雪融时，他们的活动又是如何增多起来的。Article5_S

Itwasinterestingandratheramusingtolistentotheadvicegivenontheradio:“Driveonlywhennecessary,”weweretold.“Putonmoreclothestostaywarm,andturnthethermostatonyourfurnacedown.”Meanwhilewewatchedthedeerreducetheiractivity,growawintercoatofhair,andreducetheirmetabolismastheyhaveforthousandsofyears.Itisbiologicallyreasonablefordeertoreducetheircostoflivingtoincreasetheirchancesofsurvivinginwinter.

当时广播电台常告诫我们:“没有必要不开车，”“多穿衣服好保暖，并请调低锅炉上的恒温器。”这些话听起来既有趣又逗笑。因为与此同时，我们一直注视着鹿减少活动，长出越冬的厚毛，并减缓新陈代谢。几千年来，他们一贯如此。鹿减少生存所需的能耗以增加越冬生存的机会，从生物学角度来看是合情合理的。Whyshouldpeopledriveonlywhennecessary?TheUnitedStatesiscalledacountryonwheels.Beforethe“energycrisis”of1973-1974,gasolinewasverycheapintheU.S.andAmericansusedtodriveeverywhere,whetheritwasacoast-to-coastjourneyorashorttriptothestoreroundthecorner.Duringthe“crisis”gasolinewasrationedandmanypeoplewalked,bikedorskatedtowork.Thethermostatisanapplianceusedtoheatahouse.Byturningthethermostatonone’sfurnacedown,onecansaveelectricity(energy)andmoneyaswell.

Noteverywinteriscriticalfordeerofcourse.Ifthewinterhaslightsnow,survivalandproductivitynextspringwillbehigh.Butifdeepsnowscomeandtheweatherremainscoldforseveralweeks,thenthedeermustspendmoreenergytomoveabout,foodwillbehardertofind,andtheymustthendependmoreontheirfatreservestopullthemthrough.Ifsuchconditionsgoonfortoolongsomewilldie,andonlythelargestandstrongestarelikelytosurvive.Thatisafundamentalruleoflifeforwild,freewanderinganimalssuchasdeer.当然，对鹿来讲，并非每个冬天都处于危难之中。如果冬天雪下得少，存活率和次年春天的繁殖力就高。但如果雪积得深，天气连续数周寒冷，鹿活动起来就得花费较多的能量，觅食会更难，这时它们就得更多地依赖其脂肪储备度过寒冬。如果这种情况持续太久，有些鹿就要死亡，只有体型最大最壮的，才有可能存活。对于像鹿这样四处自由奔走的野生动物来说，这是一条根本的生存规律。Article6Yes,life—anddeath,too—isacyclethatgoesroundandround,andwhenanimalsdietheirbodiesbecomefoodforotherlifeformstousebyconvertingthemintoenergy.Andthecyclecontinues.的确，生命—还有死亡—周而复始，循环不已。当动物死亡的时候，他们的尸体转化为能量，变成食物，供其他生命形式使用。如此循环，永不止息。Article1_W_inturninturn:HethatshutsLoveout,inturnshallbeshutoutfromLove.(Tennyson)1)induecourseorsuccessionHehasappliedforvariouspositionsinturnasanagent,anaccountantandasalesmanager.Wevisitedeacholdfriendinturn.2)oneafteranother将爱拒之门外的人，反过来会被爱拒之门外。（丁尼生）我们依次看望了每一个老朋友。Collocation:

byturns轮流地；交替地outofturn不依照顺序地takeaturn 起变化attheturn(ofthecentury)在（世纪）交替时期Article1_W_excessexcess:n.Anexcessofenthusiasmisnotalwaysagoodthing.1)thepartthatismorethannecessaryLuggageinexcessof100kgwillbechargedextra.Excessattableisseldomhealthful.2)goingbeyondthenormaloracceptedlimitsAnexcessoffatinone’sdietcanleadtoheartdisease.暴饮暴食无益于健康。饮食中脂肪过量能导致心脏病。3)behaviorthatgoestoofar;violenceHedrinkstoexcess.Hisexcessesledtothedivorce.他的过分行为导致了离婚。Collocation:inexcessoftoexcess超过过度；过量Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_agoodcaseinpointBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingagoodcaseinpoint:agoodexampleofwhatisbeingtalkedaboutHeisratherselfish.Hisunwillingnesstohelphisbrotherisagoodcaseinpoint.Lackofcommunicationcausesseriousproblemsandtheirmarriageisacaseinpoint.Collocation:

incase以防；如果；倘若incaseof倘使inanycase无论如何innocase决不Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_matureBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingmature:adj.Amonkeyismatureintheageof5to7.1)fullygrownanddeveloped果实已经成熟了。Thefruitsaremature.Heisquitepoliticallymature.2)typicalofafullydevelopedmind,controlledfeelings,etc.;sensible这孩子的判断力随着她年龄的增长而变得成熟。Thechild’sjudgmentmaturesasshegrowsolder.Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_conceiveBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingconceive:vt.OurfirstchildwasconceivedinMarchandborninDecember.1)becomepregnantwith(young)Weneverconceivedthattherearesuchbeautifullakesuntilwecamehere.2)form(anidea,plan,etc.)inthemind;thinkof;imagine她认为这样做是她的职责。Sheconceiveditherdutytodoso.NB:

conceive还可以作不及物动词,构成短语“conceiveof（构想出,设想）”，例如：Canyouconceiveofsuchcruelty?Itisdifficulttoconceiveofaplantopoverty.Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_givebirthtoBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadinggivebirthto:bear,bringforth,produceThetownhasgivenbirthtoquiteafewgreatmen.Collocation:

givecreditto相信；称赞；giveear/eyeto仔细听或看；giveeffectto使实行；使实现；giveplaceto让位于；为……所替代克林顿一案引起了全国范围的一场争论。Clinton’scasegavebirthtoadisputealloverthecountry.givewayto向……让步；让位于Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_meetBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingmeet:vt.satisfyDoesthatmeetyourhopes?Collocation:

make(both)endsmeet使收支平衡meettheneedof满足……需要meetwith（偶尔）遇见，遭受meetupwith

结识（某人），赶上（某人）这条新马路实现了人们多年的愿望。Thisnewroadmeetsalong-feltneed.Agoodcaseinpointisthewhite-taileddeer.Likemostwildlife,deerreproduce,grow,andstorefatinthesummerandfallwhenthereisplentyofnutritiousfoodavailable.AphysicallymaturefemaledeeringoodconditionwhohasconceivedinNovemberandgivenbirthtotwofawnsduringtheendofMayorfirstpartofJune,mustsearchforfoodforthenecessaryenergynotonlytomeetherbody’sneedsbutalsotoproducemilkforherfawns.Thebestmilkproductionoccursatthesametimethatnewplantgrowthisavailable.Thisisgoodtiming,becausemilkproductionisanenergyconsumingprocess—itrequiresalotoffood.Thecostcannotbemetunlesstheregionhasamplefoodresources.thatevenwiththeirstoredfat,wildanimalsspendlessenergytoliveinwinterthaninsummer.Article2_W_consumeBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingconsume:vt.eatordrink;use;useupThemanconsumedthemajorityofhislifeinsearchingforhismissingson.Thiscarconsumesasmalleramountofgas.Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.Article3_W_depositBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingdeposit:vt.putorstoreforsafekeeping;keep(money)inabankShedepositedherbaginthecloakroom.她刚刚把一大笔钱存到她的帐户上。Shehadjustdepositedalargesumofmoneyinheraccount.Collocation:deposit…indeposit…with在……存储把……交给……保管Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.Article3_W_expend1BeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingexpend:vt.spendoruseupTheyhaveexpendedyearsinworkingouttheproblem.他们已经花了好几年的时间来解这道题。Thestudentsexpendedmuchcareontheirgraduationpapers.CF:

expend,spend&cost这三个动词均含“花费”之意。cost

指花费时间、金钱、劳力等。其主语是物，而不能由人充当，也不用被动形式。expend较正式用词，通常指为某一专门目的而花费大量金钱、时间或精力。spend

普通用词，与cost基本同义，但主语必须是人。Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.Article3_W_accumulateBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingaccumulate:v.makeorbecomegreaterinnumberorquantity;collectorgatherlittlebylittleHequicklyaccumulatedalargefortune.Misfortunesaccumulatedonhislifepath.他的人生道路上不幸接着不幸。Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerbecomesdarkerandthicker.ThechangeinthehaircoatsisusuallycompletebySeptemberandmaximumhairdepthsarereachedbyNovemberorDecemberwhentheweatherbecomescold.Article3_W_drawonBeforeReadingGlobalReadingDetailedReadingAfterReadingdrawon:makeuseof;securefundsfromHislatestnoveldrawsheavilyonhisexperienceinthearmy.Collocation:

drawapart越离越远drawaside拉到一边drawaway拉开距离drawoff排掉（水等）；脱去drawout开出，取出存款Thegovernmentdecidedtodrawonitsgoldreservestogetoverthefinancialcrisis.政府决定动用它的黄金储备来度过财政危机。Asthesummerprogressesandthefawnsgrow,theybecomelessdependentontheirmother’smilkandmoredependentongrowingplantsasfoodsources.Theadultmalesspendthesummergrowingantlersandgettingfat.Bothmalesandfemalescontinuetoeathighqualityfoodinthefallinordertodepositbodyfatforthewinter.Inthecaseofdoesandfawns,agreatdealofenergyisexpendedeitherinmilkproductionoringrowing,andfatisnotaccumulatedasquicklyasitisinfullgrownmales.Fatreservesarelikebankaccountstobedrawnoninthewinterwhenfoodsuppliesarelimitedandsometimesdifficulttoreachbecauseofdeepsnow.Asfallturnsintowinter,otherchangestakeplace.Fawnslosetheirspottedcoat.Haironallthedeerb