大学英语四级讲座

大学英语四级考试技巧CollegeEnglishTestBand4(CET-4)大学英语四级考试，即CET-4，CollegeEnglishTestBand4的缩写，是由国家教育部高等教育司主持的全国性教学考试。考试的主要对象是根据教育大纲修完大学英语四级的在校大学本科生或研究生。大学英语四、六级标准化考试自1986年末开始筹备，1987年正式实施。备考词汇部分大学英语四级考试要求考生掌握4500词汇+700词组

A.Vocabularytest1.patent2.faulty3.diligent4.convey5.distract6.hierarchy7.waterproof8.fossil9.erroneous10.underlie1.patent（专利)getpatentforsth.,letterspatent2.faulty(有缺点的)afaultontherightside3.diligent(勤奋的)4.convey(表达)conveyone’sbestwishestosb5.distract(使人分心)distractfrom/attractto6.hierarchy(等级制度)7.waterproof(防水的)8.fossil(化石)9.erroneous(错误的)erroneousopinions10.underlie(构成…的基础)听力部分▼考纲解读：听力理解部分考核学生获取口头信息的能力，包括理解主旨大意、重要事实和细节、隐含意义，判断话语的交际能力、说话人的观点、态度等。考生害怕听力的主要原因是发现自己什么都听不懂，如果这样还疯狂做题那实在是于事无补，在正式开始练听力前我们需要做热身！【听力任务一】背听力高频词，熟悉听力场景词汇

各位考生需要对听力中常出现的情景词汇、高频词至少过一遍，由于是听力，这部分单词需要把注意力集中放在单词的发音上面。【听力任务二】掌握听力技巧有了一定听力单词的积累及场景的熟悉，接下来要针对听力的各题型进行技巧学习，并运用于习题操练中。听力练习先可适当练练耳，每天听一两段，一开始量不需要很多，先帮自己找点感觉。写作部分▼考纲解读：写作部分要求考生用英语进行短文写作，思想表达正确、意义连贯、无重大语法错误。任务一：读真题范文，熟悉常用句式

写作部分是试卷的第一部分，而考生平时又最疏于写作的训练，往往导致在考试一开始士气就减退一半。在真正开始练笔之前，需对往年作文真题及范文有个概念，熟悉一些常用句式。任务二：学以致用，习题操练

WaysofDevelopingCompositionPlanningaParagraphThinkingofatopicExpressingitincompletesentence(atopicsentence)ArrangingtheminlogicalorderDevelopmentbyTimeDevelopmentbyProcessDevelopmentbySpaceDevelopmentbyExampleandGeneralizationDevelopmentbyComparisonandContrastDevelopmentbyCauseandEffectDevelopmentbyClassificationDevelopmentbyDefinitionDevelopmentbyaCombinationofMethodsDevelopmentbyTime:tellingastoryorrecountinganeventinorderoftime--chronologicalsequencing.(firstthingfirstandthelastthinglast)WordsandPhrasesusedindescribingchronologicalrelations:eventually,inthemeantime,now,nowadays,when,before,after,while,during,between…and….,in…(year),since,later,afterwards,earlier,formerly,fromthenon,attheturnofthecentury(decade),inthefirsthalfofthecenturyetc.Simultaneously,simultaneouswith,atthesametimeas,theformer,thelatter,previous,previously,priorto,first,second,etc.Inthefirstplaceinthesecondplace,Tobeginwith,next,then,subsequently,inthenextplace,afteraninterval,thereupon,thereafter,Inconclusion,finally,intheend2.DevelopmentbyProcess:toexplainhowsomethingisdone;tofollowachronologicalsequenceandgiveastep-by-stepdescription.Imperativesentences;presenttense;(eg.Howtodomouth-to-mouthbreathing)3.Developmentbyspace:Describingaplace;Findingoutthespacerelationshipsbetweendifferentpartsordetailsandarrangethedescriptionaccordingly;4.Developmentbyexampleandgeneralization:tosupportatopicsentencewithexamplesorillustrationsKnowledgeoftenresultsonlyafterpersistentinvestigation.(AlbertEinstein,theTheoryofRelativity;Newton,thefallingapple)5.DevelopmentbyComparisonandContrast

a.Blockcomparisonorblockcontrast:examineonethingthoroughlyandthenexaminetheother.b.Alternativecomparisonoralternativecontrast:Examinetwothingsatthesametime,discussingthempointbypoint.6.DevelopmentbyCauseandEffect:a.Tostateaneffectandthedevotetherestoftheparagraphtoexaminingthecauses.Eg.Inthefuture,highereducationhasbecomemoreimportanttoyoungpeoplethanitwaspreviously.(effect)(possiblecauses):Pressureoffiercecompetition,betteropportunitiesinjobmarket,highersalaryetc.b.

Tostateacauseandthenmentionorpredicttheeffect.Eg.MoreandmorefertilelandinChinaistakenupbynewbuildings.(cause)Theeffectsmaybe:thereductionofthegrainoutput,thestarvationofthelocalpeople,morepeoplecrowdedincities,environmentalproblemsetc.7.DevelopmentbyClassification

Itisessentialthatagoodclassificationisparallelism.Eg.Therearethreekindsofbookowners.Thefirsthasallthestandardsetsandbestsellers---unread,untouched…

Thesecondhasagreatmanybooks---afewofthemreadthrough,mostofthemdippedinto…

Thethirdhasafewbooksormany---everyoneofthemdog-earedanddilapidated…8.DevelopmentbyDefinitionToavoidconfusionormisunderstanding,aword,term,orconceptwillhavetobedefined.togiveasynonymtouseasentencetowriteaparagraphorevenanessay9.DevelopmentbyaCombinationofMethodsIt'sanoldclichéthatbeautyisintheeyeofthebeholder,butweseeevidenceofiteverywherewelook.Thereislittledoubtthatpeopleinterpretbeautyinmanydifferentways.Anarchaeologistwillseebeautyinaboneorafragmentofstonewhileotherswillseeonlyafragmentofmatter.Ascientistwillseebeautyinaformulaorachemicalreactionwhileotherswillturnawayinconfusionordisgust.Adogbreederwillseebeautyinaparticularbreedofdogwhiletheirneighborswillseeonlyadrawling,smellybeastbusyfoulingtheroadways.Abusinessmanmayseebeautyinhealthybankstatement.Forme,beautydoesnotresideinmatterorotherlivingbeings,butinmusic.Aviolinbeingplayedbyatalentedmusiciancaneasilyreducemetotearsbythesheerbeautyofthesound.Beautyisnotsomethingyoucantouch,butsomethingetherealandbeyondourreach.

(extendeddefinition,givingexample,contrast,classification)Unity,coherenceandtransitionofparagraphUnity:Aunifiedparagraphistheonethatallthesentencesleadtoonecentraltheme.Coherence:Thecoherenceofaparagraphisconcernedwithitsform,oritsorganization.Thesentencesshouldbearrangedinaclear,logicalorder,andthetransitionsshouldbesmoothandnatural.

Transition:Evenifthewriterarrangesthesentencesinaclear,logicalorder,withoutgoodtransitionscoherencemaynotbeperfect.Dr.EdwardC.Tolman,afterexperimentingwithratsoveralongperiodofyears,foundthatratsthatlearnedtorunamazeunderthepressureofhungertookmuchlongertolearnthemazethanratsthatlearnedundernon-crisisconditions.Furthermore,thelearningthatdidtakeplacewasofanarrowtype.Thatis,afterlearningthe"right"route,theseratspanickedifoneavenuewereblockedoff.Theywerenotabletosurveythefieldtonoticealternativeroutes.Ontheotherhand,whentheratswerepermittedtolearnundernon-crisisconditions,theylaterperformedwellinacrisis.

UsingComputerWisely

Thecomicreflectstheimageofourmodernworldinwhichtechnologyhasbeenaninseparablepartofpeople’sdailylife.Asisshown,themaninthepictureusesalaptopatworkandhome,forbusinessandentertainment,soobsessedthatheevendreamsaboutbendingoverhislaptop.Itisundeniablethatthishasbeenacommonsceneandtheoveruseofcomputershasarousedgreatconcern.Inmyopinion,peopleshouldbecautiousoftheexcessiveuseofcomputersforthefollowingreasons.Inthefirstplace,itwillinevitablyaffectpeople’shealthiftheysitbeforecomputersandstareatthescreensforlonghours,whichmayresultinmusclepainandvisualimpair.Secondly,playingcomputersaloneisolatespeoplefromothers.Relationshipsintherealworldaremaintainedthroughhumancontactandspendingtimewitheachotherinsteadofchitchattingonline.Insummary,peopleshouldcutdowntheircomputeruseforhealthandsocialreasons.Computersarenotcontrollersbuttoolsinourlife.ShouldParentsDecideChildren’sLife?Inthisillustration,wecanseethatateenagegirlhappilyinformshermotherofthenewsthatsheisadmittedtothecollegewhichhermotherhasselectedforher.Thepictureimpliesthegreatinfluencethatparentshaveontheirchildren’sdecisions.Choosingcollegeforthemisatypicalexample.Itisevidentthatparents’thoughtsandbehaviorsshapehowtheirchildrenthinkandbehave.However,inmyopinion,itisinappropriateforparentstomakeeverymajorlifedecisionfortheirchildren.Foronething,eachchildisanindividualwithhisowncharacter.Children’sperceptionsoflifemaybedifferentfromtheirparents’,sotheirchoicesmaydiverge.Foranother,parentscannotfullycomprehendwhattheirchildrenwantorneedandthereforetheirdecisionisnotnecessarilythebestchoicefortheirchildren.Allinall,itisadvisablethatparentsrespecttheirchildren’schoicesandletthembethemastersoftheirownlives.TheImpactofMobilePhoneUseonEducationThepresentedpicturereflectsacommontrendinthewaypeopleareeducatednowadays.Inthispicture,themotherisgoingtowalkhersontoschool.Butaccordingtotheson,hedoesn’treallyneedtogotoschoolsincethephoneinhishandalreadyknowseverything.Thepicturerevealstheimpactofmobilephoneuseoneducation.Canmobilephonereplacetraditi