被动语态ppt语法

(一)语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver.(主动)Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver.(被动)汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态常用的八种时态1.一般现在时：Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry.Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry.Theschooldoesn'tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher.2.一般过去时：Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth.Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth.Thestudentsdidn'tforgethislessonseasily.Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten.3.一般将来时：Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea.Carswillbesentabroadbysea.Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool-leavers.Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool-leavers.4.过去将来时：Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear.Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear.Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible.Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible.5.现在进行时：TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons.Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio.Wearepaintingtherooms.Theroomsarebeingpainted.6.过去进行时：—Whydidn'ttheydrivethereontime?—Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad.Becausetheroadwasbeingmended.Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere.Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear.7.现在完成时：Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff.

Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff.Wehavebroughtdowntheprice.Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown.8.过去完成时：WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets.WhenIgottothetheatre,Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout.Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath;Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader.

Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader.9.含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被动语态是由“情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass.Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass.Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer.Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim.被动语态:我们知道,被动语态是由be+done(动词的过去分词)构成的

被动语态构成比较10:动词不定式的被动语态betodo----betobedonebegoingtodo---begoingtobedoneBeabouttodo---beabouttobedoneEg:Heistoreadanovel

AnovelistobereadbyhimTheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow.Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow.Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer.Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem.(1)Thepolicefoundthatthehouse____andalotofthings_________.A.hasbrokeninto;hasbeenstolenB.hadbrokeninto;hadbeenstolenC.hasbeenbrokeninto;stolenD.hadbeenbrokeninto;stolen(2)Ifcitynoises______fromincreasing,people______shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow.A.arenotkept;willhavetoB.arenotkept;havetoC.donotkeep;willhavetoD.donotkeep;havetoDPracticeA(3)---______thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.A.I’vebeentoldB.I’vetoldC.I’mtoldD.Itold(4)Themathsproblem______amongthestudentssoon.A.isabouttobediscussB.isgoingtobediscussedC.istodiscussD.isgoingtohavebeendiscussedAB(一)语态转换时要注意的问题1.把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。

Wehaveboughtanewcomputer.Anewcomputerhasbeenbought.(正确)Anewcomputerhavebeenbought.(错误)

2.含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。

Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday.Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday.

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说：

Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday.保留宾语注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词to，如：

bring,give,lend,offer,pass,promise,sell,show,teach,tell等。

Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass.

Mybikewaslenttoher.一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词for,如：

buy,cook,choose,fetch,get,,make,order,等。

Mothermademeanewskirt.(Anewskirtwasmadeforme.)

Themeatwascookedforus.

3.由动词+介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有laughat,operateon,lookafter,makefunof,makeuseoftakecareof,,carryout,,giveup,handin,pointout,putaway,putoff,turndown,workout,talkabout等。Thepatientisbeingoperatedon.Theproblemissolved.Itneedn'tbetalkedabout.

Hisrequestwasturneddown.Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather.Achildistakengoodcareof4.带复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：a,动词+宾语+adjWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean.

→Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean.b,动词+宾语+nTheychoseTomcaptain.→Tomwaschosencaptainc.动词+宾语+todo

Shetoldustofollowherinstructions.

→Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions.

d,动词+宾语+doingIfoundhimlyingonthefloor→hewasfoundlyingonthefloore,动词+宾语+donewefoundallourseatsoccupied.→allourseatswerefoundoccupied.注意：在see,watch,hear,notice,listento,lookat,make,feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带to，但改成被动语态后都带to，Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.

→Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar.Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday.→Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday.（二）某些动词用主动表被动？1.Thepicturelooksbeautiful.这里的look是表状态特征的连系动词，它后面要求跟形容词或名词构成系表结构，其主动形式表被动含义。感官系动词一般用主动形式表示被动意义，如：feel，look,seem,taste,sound,remain,turnout,smell等。—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,itfeelsverysoft.TheflowerslookbeautifulWhathesaidsoundsreasonable.Theroses

smellsweet.Themedicinetastesbitter.误：Itisfeltverysoft.Thefoodtastesdelicious.误：Thefoodistasteddelicious.Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful.误：Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful

2.有些动词既是及物又是不及物，当它们和well,badly,easily等副词连用时，表示主语内在品质或性能，是不及物动词，用主动表示被动，这时不用被动语态，常见的有：write,read,clean,sell,dry,wash,cook,wear等。如：Theclothwasheseasily.这布很好洗。

SomesilkswashwellThenewproductsellswell.这新产品很畅销。Thepenwritessmoothly.这支笔写字很流畅。Thepoemreadsfluently./ Theshoeswear

well.Thepapertears

easilyThiskindofclothdriedeasily对比：Thebookssellwell.(主动句)Thebooksweresoldout.(被动句)Themeatdidn’tcookwell.(主动句)Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat.(被动句)3.want,need,require作“需要”解时及beworth,inneedof后接动词，常用动名词的主动形式表被动含义。Eg:1:Theflowerneeds/wants/requireswatering.Yourhairneeds/wants/requirescuttingThecomputerneeds/wants/requiresreqairing2:Thefilm/musicisworthlisteningto.3:Histeachingmethodisin

needofimproving4.不定式在某些形容词后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时：Thesentenceiseasytounderstand.Shefoundtheproblemhardtodealwith.TheboxisheavytoliftThepictureispleasanttolookatThenovelisinterestingtoread此类形容词：difficult,comfortable,pleasant,fit,interesting,unfit,light,heavy,dangerous,etc.5.不定式作名词的后置定语，和被修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，同时和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，不定式常用主动形式表被动含义：Shehadonlyacoldroomtolivein.Ihaveameetingtoattend.IhavealotofhomeworktodoShehasmanychildrentolookafterIgavehimacaketoeatIgavehimabooktoread第一，一些不及物动词短语没有被动语态，如：takeplace,comeabout,breakout,belongto,consistof,addupto,comeintobeing,cometrue,turnout等。如：Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.误：Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.误：GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina.第二，不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise,happen,succeed,remain,lie等。Whenwegottothetopofthemountain,thesunhadalreadyrisen.误：Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen.Aftertheearthquake,fewhousesremained.误：Aftertheearthquake,fewhouseswereremained.（三）下列情况主动句不能改为被动句例如：

据说…… Itissaid/thoughtthat…

据报导…… Itisreportedthat…

据推测…… Itissupposedthat…

希望…… Itishopedthat…

众所周知…… Itiswellknownthat…

普遍认为…… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…

有人建议…… Itissuggestedthat…1)Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow.2)ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp.3)ItissaidthatMr.GreenhasarrivedinBeijing.（四）在汉语中，有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构来表示（五）英语中一些词的被动结构表主动意义bedressedin,beseatedin/at/beside/nexttobeaddictedto,bedeterminedtobedevotedto,beabsorbedin,bedisappointedat,belostin,beengagedin/beoccupiedin,befacedwithEg:1.Sheisseatedonthesofa.2.Addictedtosurfingtheinternet,theboyoftenescapesfromclasses.3.Determinedtogiveupsmoking,hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes.4.Disappointedatfailinginthemathexam,Kentawouldn’tliketotalkaboutittohisparents.5.Judithlayonthesofa,absorbedinherbook.（六）介词in,on,under+名词短语表被动意义常见的有：undercontrol,undertreatment,underrepair,underdiscussion,underconstruction,beyondbelief,beyondone’sreach,beyondone’scontrol,inprint,insight,onsale,onshow,ontrial,outofcontrol,outofsight,outofone’sreach,outoffashion,.Eg:1.Thebuildingisunderconstruction(isbeingconstructed)2.Theplanewasoutofcontrol(can’tbecontrolled)3.Theroadisunderrepair(isbeingrepaired)4.Todaysometreasuresareonshow(arebeingshown)inthemuseum.1.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.sell;havebeensoldoutB.sold;hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutaresold;havebeensoldout2.IsawDaveinliftthismorning.----Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen3.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent7.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid10.Thewater___coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.A.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared12.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____.A.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed13.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Wellsurprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarrestedand____now.A.hasbeenquestionedB.isbeingquestionedC.isquestioningD.hasquestioned15.Thenewtypeofcellphone___betterifitisadvertisedonTV.A.willsellB.sellsC.wouldsellD.sold16.Thebridgewhich______lastyearlooksreallybeautiful.A.wasbuilt B.built C.wassetup D.hadbeenbuilt17."Thiscloth_____welland_____long.""Ok.I'lltakeit."A.washes/lasts B.iswashed/lasted C.washes/islasted D.iswashing/lasting18.Anexhibitionofpaintings____atthemuseumnextweek.A.aretobeheldB.istobeheldC.areholding D.willhold19.I'msorry,sir.Yourrecorderisn'treadyyet.It_____inthefactory.A.isbeingrepairedB.isrepairedC.hasbeenrepaired D.hasn'trepaired20.Everypossiblemeans

,butnoneprovesuccessful.A.hastriedB.hasbeentriedC.isbeingtriedD.tried21.Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch. ----Mywatch_____bymylittlesister.A.isbrokenB.hasbrokenC.havebeenbroken D.hasbeenbroken22.HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse.----Hisroom_____byhimwhenIenteredtheroom.A.wasbeingcleanedB.wascleanedC.wasbeingcleaningD.hasbeencleaned23.IshallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime.----Thisnovel_____reading(byme)bydinnertimeA.willhavefinished.B.willhasbeenfinishedC.willhavebeingfinishedD.willhavebeenfinished24.Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean.----Thesethreerooms______(byyou).areoughtedtokeepcleanB.oughttokeptcleanC.oughttobekeptcleanD.oughttohavebeenkeptclean1.Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful.They____welland____already.sell;havebeensoldoutB.sold;hadsoldoutC.sell,selloutaresold;havebeensoldout2.IsawDaveinliftthismorning.----Really?He___aroundhereforalongtime.A.won’tbeseenB.wasn’tseeC.hasn’tbeenseenD.hadn’tbeenseen3.Thewindowisdirty.----Iknow.It___forweeks.hasn’tcleanedB.didn’tcleanC.wasn’tcleanedD.hasn’tbeencleaned4.Thehero’sstory___differentlyinthenewspapers.wasreportedB.wasreportingreportsD.reported5.Whydidyouleavethatposition?----I___abetterpositionatIBM.offerB.offeredC.amofferedD.wasoffered6.Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool___abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.A.sentB.weresentC.hadsentD.hadbeensent7.Thepoliceman’sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich___placedundertheMinister’scar.hasbeenB.wasbeingC.hadbeenD.wouldbe8.Millionsofpounds’worthdamage____byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight.A.hasbeencausedB.hadbeencausedC.willbecausedD.willhavebeencaused9.Whentheoldman___towalkbacktohishouse,thesun____itselfbehindthemountain.started;hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted;hadalreadyhiddenC.hadstarted;washidingD.wasstarting;hid10.Thewater___coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise.wasfeltB.isfeltC.feltD.feels11.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames___open,thewholeworldcheered.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared12.MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16-year-oldboy,sayingthathewasnottheone____.blamedB.blamingC.toblameD.tobeblamed13.Inaroomabovethestore,whereaparty____,someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable.A.wastobeheldB.hasbeenheldC.willbeheldD.isbeingheld14.Idon’tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit.---Wellsurprisinglytheydo.Amanhasbeenarre