《新编实用英语》Unit-3-Road-Signs-and-Commuting1

Unit|ThreeRoadSignsandCommutingUnitGoals:WhatYouShouldLearntoDo1.Askwhereaparticularplaceis:inacitywithinabuilding2.Showdirections3.Talkaboutmeansoftransporttotake4.UnderstandandwriteroadandofficesignsWhatYouShouldKnowAbout1.Differentfeelingsabouttraveling2.FormingofpluralnounsContentsSectionⅤAppreciatingCultureTipsSectionⅣMaintainingaSharpEyeSectionⅠTalkingFacetoFaceSectionⅡBeingAllEarsSectionⅢTryingYourHandSECTIONIVMaintainingaSharpEyePASSAGEIPASSAGEIIInformationRelatedtotheReadingPassageTextLanguagePointsReadandThinkReadandCompleteReadandTranslateReadandSimulateReadandJudgeReadandTranslateInformationRelatedtotheReadingPassageTextLanguagePointsPASSAGEIFunnyRoadSignsfromAroundtheWorld!Mostroadsignsyoucomeacrossarestraightforward.Theytellyouwhattodo,whichdirectiontogoin,whereyouare,etc.,butoccasionally(andusuallyunintentionally),roadsignscanbefunny!Takingpicturesoffunnyroadsignswhiletravelingisafavoritepastimeformanytravelers.We'veallcomeacrossthesegems:amiswrittentranslation;anunusualwarning;oranillustrationthatjustdoesn'tseemright.Itmightbeanofficialhighwaysignorsomethingwrittenonashopwindow.Allareperfectforaddingtoyourtravelphotoalbumandsharingwithfriends.Andoftentimes,photographic

evidenceofsuchasignnotonlymakesagreatsouvenir,butalsoservesasprooffordoubtful

folksbackhome.12

Here'reafewfunnyroadsignsfoundfromvariouspartsoftheworld—they'reallrealroadsigns.Ihopeyouenjoythemandpleasefeelfreetoaddyourowncaptions

to

thepictures.ItseemsthatthisisarealpossibilityaroundIreland'sDinglePeninsula.Afterall,theauthorities

putupawarningsign,picturingacarflyingheadfirstintothesea.Andthatsign,picturedagainstanactual

cliffinthebackground,makesagreattravelphoto.4ExercisesBack3LanguagePoints1ExplanationofDifficultSentences(Para.2)Takingpicturesoffunnyroadsignswhiletravelingisafavoritepastimeformanytravelers.Analysis:

动名词短语开头是句子的主语。

whiletravelling(=whiletheyaretravelling）作为动词的时间状语。Translation:旅行过程中拍一些滑稽有趣的路牌对很多旅行者来说都是一大消遣乐事。Example:

Lookingelsewherewhiletalkingtocustomersisnotconsideredgoodmanners.与客人说话时看其他地方是被认为是不礼貌的。BackLanguagePoints1ExplanationofDifficultSentences2.

(Para.2)

Allareperfectforaddingtoyourtravelphotoalbumandsharingwithfriends.Analysis:For是一个介词意为适合，以两个动名词短语(adding,sharing)为对象Translation:这些都完全适合添加进你的旅行相册中与朋友分享。Example:ThesongisperfectforsingingintheNewYearcelebration.这首歌完全适合在新年庆祝活动中歌唱。

Back3.

(Para.4)

Afterall,theauthoritiesputupawarningsign,picturingacarflyingheadfirstintothesea.

Analysis:名词的标志是现在分词短语作后置定语

。picturing本来是名词活用为动词的现在分词，意为拍照或绘画。作后置定语功能=which

pictured

这两个字构成的定语从句。

Translation:毕竟，有关部门竖立了一块警示牌，上面画的是一辆轿车头朝下飞入大海。Example:Theartistshowedushisnewoilpainting,depictingaprettygirldancinginthegarden.艺术家给我们展示了他的新油画，上面描绘的是一个漂亮的女孩在花园里跳舞。LanguagePoints1ExplanationofDifficultSentencesBack4.(Para.4)

Andthatsign,picturedagainstanactualcliffinthebackground,makesagreattravelphoto.Analysis:.名词标志是过去分词短语作后置定语，Thatsign是整个句子主语，谓语是makes。中间两个逗号之间内容是后置定语，功能相当于定语从句。Translation:衬托着背景中的真实山崖拍摄的这块路牌，构成了一幅绝佳的旅行照片。Example:Thechurch,situatedinthebeautifulmountainousarea,makesanidealplaceforaweddingreception.

这座教堂，坐落在美丽的山区，成为了婚礼的理想场所。LanguagePoints1ExplanationofDifficultSentencesBackLanguagePoints2ImportantWordsstraightforward

adj.简单的；坦率的；明确的；径直的

adv.直截了当地；当它为形容词时，对应的名词是Straightforwardnessn.坦率Hewasenthusiastic,intelligentandstraightforward.他是热情的,聪明的,直白的。BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords2.occasionally

有时，偶尔e.g.

Occasionallythemachinegoeswrongwithoutanyapparentcause.有时机器出现问题并没有任何明显的原因。

Everyonewantedaplacewheretheycouldbeleftaloneoccasionally.每个人都想要一个可以偶尔独处的地方。BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords3.Comeacross偶遇;

偶然发现;

越过；产生效果；出现于

e.g.I’vecomeacrossanoldfriend.我刚遇到一个老朋友。Yourspeechcameacrossverywell.你的演讲很成功。Averygoodideacameacrosshismind.他的脑海里出现一个好主意。BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords4.official

官方的；当局的；正式的e.g.

Thenewsisalmostcertainlytruealthoughitisnotofficial.新闻虽然不是官方的，但几乎确凿无疑。

ThePresidentoftheUnitedStateswillmakeanofficialvisittothiscountry.美国总统将对这个国家进行正式访问。Back5.Share…with…

与…分享,e.g.

Asharesth.withB.A与B分享某事。shares(in)分摊或分享某事物Sheshares(in)mytroublesaswell

asmyjoys.

她与我同甘共苦.shareto承担/给于Hesetoverhissharetohisson-in-law.他将自己的股份转让给女婿LanguagePoints2ImportantWordsBackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords6.evidence

n.证据；证词e.g.

Thereisevidencethatcollegeexamcheatingisontherise.有证据表明,大学考试作弊的情况正在增多。

Avideotapewaspresentedasevidenceincourt.在法庭上提出了一种视频作为证据。BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords7.serve…as…为;

充当，担任;

beservedas

被充当,被用于HeserveshimasaKingdom.他把他当国王一样服侍。

HeisservedasaKingdom.他被服侍得像一个国王一样。

LanguagePoints2ImportantWords8.add…to…

1.add用作及物动词,表示“加；增加”,常与介词to连用,即“add...to...”,“把…加到…中去；往.中加.”

例如：Pleaseaddsomesalttothefood.请在食物中加点盐。.addto（add作不及物动词用）表示"增加；增添",其中to是介词,后接名词或代词.有时也可用来表示"(房屋的)扩建"或"(书的)续写"等Thenewfilmwon'taddtoyourcredit.这部新影片将不会增加你的声誉。BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords9.caption

n.

文字说明；标题；字幕e.g.

Thecaptionofanewspaperarticleisusuallysetinlargetype.报纸文章的标题通常设置在大类型。Heisinterestedinthecaptionsunderthepictures.他对标题下的图片很感兴趣。BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords10.Putup举起，竖起，张贴；

putupto鼓动；唆使…做…

putupwith忍受；忍耐；受苦putdown写下；记下putforward提出（意见、建议）putin打断；插嘴putoff延期；推迟

puton假装；伪装

putout熄灭；关熄；扑灭LanguagePoints2ImportantWords11.beware

v.注意，当心，谨防e.g.

Beware!Ifyouhavetoomuchsweetfood,you'llgetfat.小心!如果你吃了太多的甜食,那么你就会发胖。

Bewareoftrains!当心火车!BackReadandThink1Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.1)Doyouenjoytakingpictureswhiletraveling?Why?2)Whatcanbeagreatsouveniraccordingtothewriter?3)Whatcanyoudowhenotherpeopledon'tbelievewhatyousayaboutthefunnyroadsigns?(Open.)Apictureoffunnyroadsigns.Youcanshowthemthepicturesyouhavetaken.ReadandThink1Answerthefollowingquestionsaccordingtothepassage.Back4)Whatdoesthewritersuggestreadersdowiththepicturestheyhavetaken?5)Whataccidentdoestheflying-carroadsignimply?6)Whatdoesthecaptioninformationoverloadmean?Hesuggeststhattheyaddtheirowncaptionstothepictures.Acarisflyingheadfirstintotheseaandwillprobablycausedeathanddamage.Itmeansthattoomuchinformationgivenontheroadsignonlyconfusesthetravelers.ReadandThink2Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswithwordsorphrasesfromthepassage.Manytravelersenjoytakingpicturesoffunnyroadsignswhiletraveling.Itistheirfavorite________________.2)Youcanputyourroadsignphotosinyourtravel____________and______themwithyourfriends.3)Thepurposeoftheflying-carsignistowarndriversnotto____________thecliff.4)5)Themoose-crossingsignistowarndriversto____________ofmoosewhiledriving.6)Youaresuretogetlostisthe___________

tothephotowithaveryconfusingtravelmap.pastime(photo)albumsharedriveoffThisflying-carsignisanofficialoneasitwasputupbythe___

_________bewarecaptionauthorities3Fillintheblankswiththeproperwordsorexpressionsgivenbelow,changingtheformifnecessary.authorityputupcomeacrossbewareaddtoofficialoccasionalpastimeserveasevidence1)WhenI____________anewword,Iwriteitdowninmynotebook.2)Thecomputercaneasilygetstuck,soyoumust____________ofcomputerviruses.3)Thecompanyhascreatedanewlogoto____________theiroutgoingmails.4)Thisoldrailwaystationwillberebuiltto____________ahugesupermarket.5)Letmeseeallthe____________papersconcerningthesaleoftheland.serveascomeacrossbewareaddtoofficial6)Thehistorical____________insupportofthisconclusionisweak.7).Inthatregion____________floodsdooccur,thoughtheyarenotveryserious8)ChattingwithfriendsovertheInternetinthedeadofnightisprobablymyonly___________.9)Beforeitgotdarkthecampers________theirtentinafield.10)Thelocal____________foundthatthepollutionintheriverwasserious.3Fillintheblankswiththeproperwordsorexpressionsgivenbelow,changingtheformifnecessary.Backauthorityputupcomeacrossbewareaddtoofficialoccasionalpastimeserveasevidenceauthoritiesevidenceoccasionalpastimeputup____他自愿当我们队的司机。2)做对外贸易时我们应该注意文化差异。3)我们刚碰到了一位多年不见的老朋友。4)大卫把每幅图片都研究了两遍，又仔细地阅读了图片说明。5)他直率的回答给我们留下了很深的印象。6)你能提供证据来证明他当时不在犯罪现场吗？ReadandTranslate4TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.serveasbewareofcomeacrossevidencestraightforwardcaptionCanyouprovideanyevidencetoshowthathewasnotinthecrimesceneatthattime?Hevolunteeredtoserveasthedriverofourteam.Weshouldbewareofculturaldifferencesindoingforeigntrade.We'vejustcomeacrossanoldfriendwehaven'tseenforages.Davidstudiedeachphototwiceandreadthecaptionscarefully.Wewereimpressedbyhisstraightforwardanswers.BackReadandSimulate5PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglishsentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentencesbysimulatingthestructureoftheEnglishsentences.Mostroadsignsyoucomeacrossarestraightforward.MostyoungstudentsIcomeacrossoverseashavepart-timejobs.

我在日本见到的女人大都是居家主妇。我们遇到的问题大都通过团队工作得到解决。MostwomenIcameacrossinJapanwerestay-at-homehousewives.Mostproblemswecameacrossweresolvedbyteamwork.ReadandSimulate

Takingpicturesoffunnysignswhiletravelingisafavoritepastimeformany

travelers.

Chattingonlinewhilesurfingtheinternetisahobbyformanyofus.

边听音乐边做作业对许多年轻人来说都是一种爱好。边等车边背英语单词对我来说是个好建议。5PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglishsentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentencesbysimulatingthestructureoftheEnglishsentences.Doinghomeworkwhilelisteningtomusicisahabitformanyyoungstudents.RecitingEnglishwordswhilewaitingforabusisagoodsuggestionforme.ReadandSimulateAllareperfectforaddingtoyourtravelphotoalbumandsharingwithfriends.Theconferenceroomisperfectforholdingthisevent.

这些画册非常适合给学龄前儿童看。这种纸非常适合画水彩画。5PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglishsentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentencesbysimulatingthestructureoftheEnglishsentences.Thesepicturebooksareperfectforshowingtopre-schoolchildren.Thekindofpaperisperfectforpaintingwatercolorpictures.ReadandSimulate

Hereareafewfunnyroadsignsfoundfromvariouspartsoftheworld.HerearesomecommonweddingcustomsfoundinallpartsofChina.

以下是成功商人具备的七项素质。以下是当地各家报纸的新闻头条。5PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglishsentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentencesbysimulatingthestructureoftheEnglishsentences.Herearesevenqualitiesfoundinsuccessfulbusinessmen.Herearethetopnewsheadlinesfoundinlocalnewspapers.ReadandSimulateIhopeyouenjoythemandpleasefeelfreetoaddyourowncaptionstothepictures.Ihopeyoucometoourcompanyoftenandpleasefeelfreetotrytheproductshere.

希望你喜欢这里的饭菜，请随时告诉我们你喜欢的菜肴。希望你喜欢我的书，有什么评论和建议尽管提出来。5PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglishsentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentencesbysimulatingthestructureoftheEnglishsentences.Ihopeyouenjoyourfoodhereandpleasefeelfreetotelluswhatisyourfavoritedish.Ihopeyoulikemybookandpleasefeelfreetomakeanycommentsandsuggestions.ReadandSimulateAfterall,theauthoritiesputupawarningsign,picturingacarflyingheadfirstintothesea.Ourschoolputupabigposter,picturingstudentsperforminginafter-classactivities.

体育馆挂了一张有趣的图片，上面是一群熊猫在做各种体育运动。公园立了一块新指示牌，上面是一只指路的卡通兔子。5PayattentiontotheitalicizedpartsintheEnglishsentencesandtranslatetheChinesesentencesbysimulatingthestructureoftheEnglishsentences.Thegymnasiumputupaninterestingpicture,showingpandasdoingallkindsofsports.Theparkputupabignewsign,picturingacartoonrabbitgivingthedirections.BackPASSAGEIIHowDoYouCommutetoWork?

HannaP.,Marketing

Expertatafamoussoftwarecompany,postedonlinehisowncommutingexperienceandaskedthenetizenstosharetheirviews:

Iwenttoday:bybusNo.81,thentrolleybusNo.3,thenundergroundLine1,thenbusNo.139andfinallybusNo.87(25kmalltogether).Whomore?Andactuallythepointofthequestionis:whydosomanypeoplespendlotsoftimeandmoneygettingtoworkinsteadofmovingneartoit?Itwouldbesonerve-andtraffic-savingifeveryonelivedneartheirwork.123ResponsesPostedOnlinebyNetizensCristinaF.:InPortugal,movingnexttoworkwillcertainlymeanbuyingahousethatweoftencannotafford.IworkoutsideLisbonandItravelonMondaytowork,staythereandneedonlythreestepstogettowork.ItravelbacktoLisbonFridayafternoon.(posted18hoursago)ChrisB.:Itravelbycarasitisthemosttime-efficientwayofgettingthere.(posted15hoursago)JamesB.:I'vebeenworkingforsmallcompanies—companiesmove,changeandgooutofbusiness.IfIhadlivednexttowhereIworked,Iwouldhavehadtomoveseventimesinthelast30years.Thatwouldhavebeendifficulttomyfamily.SoIlivewhereIwant,andplanondrivingupto40miles,one-way,togettowork.(posted14hoursago)4ExercisesNigelT.:Idrive.Iworkonshort-term

contract

assignmentswhichcanbeanythingfrom3to12months,somovingisjustnotachoice.IntheUKitcantake3to6monthstobuyandsellahouseanyway.Mycurrentemployerisabout40milesaway.Lastyearitwasadailyroundtripof189miles—waytoomuch!(posted13hoursago)LisaN.:WhenIwasatmylastjob,Idroveabout10milesonewaytogetthere,oncityroadsandtheinterstate.Itwasafastcommuteusually.Idon'thaveajobrightnow,butwhenIdo,ImightuseaparkandridesystemasImaybecommutingfromthesuburbstothecity.Imightalsousethelightrailifitisavailable.(posted13hoursago)ExercisesNatalieK.:Ialsohavearound25kmtotheoffice,andIgobycar.Iwouldn'tliketomovetotheareaclosetotheoffice,becauseIenjoylivinginthecenterofthecity(Copenhagen).(posted11hoursago)MichaelR.:5minutes'drivetotheairport;5minutestopreflightmyplane;1hour10minutes'flight;10minutes'drivetotheclient

site.(posted9hoursago)ExercisesBackLanguagePoints1ExplanationofDifficultSentences1.(Para.1)

Whomore?Analysis:

这是一个省略句。完整句子是

：WhodidmoretravellingthanIdid?Translation:有谁比我换乘还多呢？Example:Hewasplayingnetgamesonlinefor20hours.Whomore?他玩网络游戏在线20小时。谁能比他玩的更久?Back2.(Para.2)

…whydosomanypeoplespendlotsoftimeandmoneygettingtoworkinsteadofmovingneartoit?Analysis:

Spendtime或者spendmoney是动名词，是一种常见的英语表达方式。Insteadofdoing

是一个短语，另一个而不是的短语是ratherthan。Translation:为什么那么多的人宁愿上班花那么多的时间和金钱，而不搬到工作单位附近居住呢？spendtimeonsth花费时间在某事上。on后要跟名词

spendtimeindoingsth花费时间做某事。in后要动词的ing形式，in可以省略Example:Martinspentlotsoftimecomplainingabouthisbossinsteadofdoing

anything.

马丁在抱怨他的老板上花了很多时间,而不做任何事情。LanguagePoints1ExplanationofDifficultSentencesBack

1.

instead

of

“...代替...”，二是“是...而不是...”

2.rather

than…，倒不如...，是...而不是...”3.当rather

than为是...而不是...时，可以与instead

of替换Iwanttogoshoppinginsteadofstayingathome.=Iwanttogoshoppingratherthanstayathome.

我想要去购物而不是呆在家里。I‘dliketotaketheslowesttrainratherthangotherebyairplane.

我乘最慢的火车,也不愿乘飞机去那儿Iwillbeinsteadofyou。我将会代替你Back3.(Para.2)

Itwouldbesonerve-andtraffic-savingifeveryonelivedneartheirwork.Analysis:.这是一个典型的虚拟语气的句型。Nerve-和traffic-saving是nerve-saving和traffic-saving的缩写。其他类似的词是time-saving,labor-saving,等。Translation:如果大家都住在工作地点附近，能少伤多少脑筋，少乘多少车啊。Example:Itwouldbetime-andlabor-savingifweadoptedthelatesttechnology.如果我们采用了最新的技术，能省时,省力,LanguagePoints1ExplanationofDifficultSentencesBackLanguagePoints1ExplanationofDifficultSentences4.(Para.5)

IfIhadlivednexttowhereIworked,Iwouldhavehadtomoveseventimesinthelast30years.Analysis:

使用虚拟语气来表达一个不真实的条件，要注意时态的使用条件和主要条件。

would/should+have+过去分词这是虚拟语气的一种用法，是过去将来完成时，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。Translation:

如果我是住在工作单位附近，在过去的三十年里我就得搬七次家了。Example:Ifwehadtalkedaboutit,wewouldhavesolvedtheproblembetweenus.如果我们有谈论它，我们就会解决我们之间的问题BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords1.marketing

n.销售；促销；营销v.出售e.g.Theyhavecomeupwithnewandwonderfulmarketingideas.他们已经想出新的和精彩的营销思想。Ourmarketingandbusinesscourseswillhelpyou

developpracticalskills.我们的营销和商业课程将帮助你提高实践技能。BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords2.post

v.（在互联网上）发帖子n.岗位;

邮政;

邮件;

柱，桩，杆;

vt.张贴;

邮寄;

宣布;

设岗;

vi.快速行进;

adj.有关赛跑（或赛马，赛狗）起点标志的;

adv.〈外〉在后;

用急件[驿马];

赶紧地，火速地;e.g.Hepostedavideoonline.他在网上发布了一段视频。BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWmute

v./n.通勤，上下班（尤其指很远的路程）e.g.

Ihavetocommute10kilometerstomycompanyinthesuburbs.我的公司在郊区，我上班必须要十公里

Ispendmuchlesstimeonmycommutetoworknow.我现在上班花更少的时间BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords4.Cannotaffordto

负担不起买不起

affordsth.tosb..=affordsb.sth.

1.afford是动词,意为“买得起,担负得起”.通常与can,could,beableto连用,尤用于否定句或疑问句中.如：

Theycouldn’tafford$50foraticket.

他们拿不出50美元买一张票.

Canweaffordanewcar?

我们能买得起一辆新车吗?

2.afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式.如：

Wecan’taffordtogoabroadthissummer.

今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国Back幻灯片375.Upto（数目）高达；（时间）直达；（程度）达到1.“upto”意为“不多于,不迟于”.

Readuptopage109.（读到第100页.）2.“upto”意为“可与某事物相比,比得上”.

Asadoctor,heisnotuptoMr.Smith.（作为一名医生,他不能与史密斯先生相比.）3.“upto”意为“有某种能力的,能胜任的”.

He'snotuptothepartofOthello.（他演不了奥赛罗这个角色.）4.“upto”意为“从事于,忙于”.

What‘sheupto?（他要干什么?）5.“upto”意为“由……决定,由……负责”.例如：It'suptoyouwhetherweacceptthepresentornot.（要不要这份礼物由你决定.）6.“upto”后面接表示时间,日期的名词时,意为“跟得上形势,时髦”.

Mostofherclothesareuptodate.（她的大多数衣服都很时髦.）LanguagePoints2ImportantWordsBackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords6.contract

n.合同，契约，协议e.g.Marysignedatwo-yearcontractwiththecompany.

玛丽与公司签署了一份为期两年的合同。BackLanguagePoints2ImportantWords7.assignment

n.任务，作业

e.g.

Pleaseturninyourassignmentbeforeyouleavetheclassro