2023学年完整版Unit2Robots同步测试2

Unit2Robots同步测试AClaudeSammut,aprofessorofcomputerscienceandengineeringattheUniversityofNewSouthWalesinAustralia,saiditwouldsoonbepossibleforrobotstodefeatthestarsofthefuture.Formanyyears,MrSammuthasbeenamemberofaprojectcalledRoboCup,whererobotshavebeenprogrammedtolearnhowtoplayfootballandcompeteagainstothersinafootballmatch.Asheexplains,therobotsarehavingdifficultyinlearninghowtocontroltheballandmovetheballontheirown,butheisstillfullofconfidencethatonedayinthefuturetheywillshowthesameskillsasWayneRooney,whoisoneofthebestfootballplayersintheworld.MrSammutalsosaid，“In1968,JohnMcCarthyandDonaldMichiemadeabetwithDavidLevy,whowasthenthechesschampioninScotland,thatwithin10yearsacomputerprogramwouldbeabletobeathim.Ittookalittlebitlongerthan10years(nearly30years)buteventuallysuchprogramscameintobeing.”“Inthesamespiritofagrandchallenge,RoboCupaimstodevelopateamofrobotsthatcandefeattheworldsoccerchampionteambytheyear2050.Toachievethis,orcomeevenclosertotheambition,therobotswillhavetobeabletosenseandactincompletelyunstructuredenvironments.Thiswillrequiremajoradvancesinperception(感知),decisionmaking,learning,andcooperativebehaviors.Consideringrobotsareintegratedhardwareandsoftwaresystems,greatadvanceswillalsobeneededinsensors(传感器),energystorage,andmaterials.”1．TheRoboCupisaimedtodeveloprobotsthatknowhowto________.A．playcomputerfootballgamesB．playfootballandwininrealmatchesC．understandtherulesofthefootballgameD．improvetheskillsofrealfootballplayers2．Whatkindofdifficultiesaretherobotsfacinginplayingfootball?A．Theycan'trunasfastasrealpeople.B．Theycan'trecognizetheirpartnersaccurately.C．Theycan'tcontroltheballwellbythemselves.D．Theycan'tpasstheballtotheirpartners.3．Theideaofdesigningacomputerprogramthatcoulddefeatachesschampioncameforth________.A．in1968 B．in1978C．inthe1990s D．30yearsago4．What'sthebesttitleforthispassage?A．Scientists'WisdominDesigningRobotFootballPlayersB．RobotFootballPlayerstoBeattheWorld'sBestTeamby2050C．RobotFootballPlayers'BrightFutureD．MrSammut—theFatherofRobotFootballPlayersBTOKYO—IfyougrowoldinJapan,youmayexpecttobeservedfoodbyarobot,rideavoice­recognitionwheelchairorevenpossiblyhireanurseinaroboticsuit—allexamplesofcutting­edgetechnologytocareforthecountry'srapidlygrayingpopulation.Withnearly22percentofJapan'spopulationalreadyaged65orolder,businessesherehavebeenrollingouteverythingfromeasy­entrycarstoremotecontrolledbeds,fuelingacare­technologymarketworthsome$1.08billionin2006,accordingtoindustryfigures.Atahomecareandrehabilitation(恢复)conventioninTokyothisweek,buyerscrowdedroundademonstrationofSecomCo.'sMySpoonfeedingrobot,whichhelpselderlyordisabledpeopleeatwithaspoonandafittedswiveling(转动的)arm.Operatingajoystick(操纵杆)withhischin,developerShigehisaKobayashimaneuveredthearmtowardablockofsofttofu,deftly(灵巧地)gettingtheforktobreakoffapiece.Thearmthenreturnedtoapreprogrammedpositioninfrontofthemouth,allowingKobayashitobiteandswallow.“It'sallaboutempoweringpeopletohelpthemselves，”Kobayashisaid.TheTokyo­basedcompanyhasalreadysold300oftherobots，whichcomewithapricetagof$3,500.“Wewanttogivetheelderlycontrolovertheirownlives，”hesaid.Therapidlyagingpopulationherehasspurredaspateofconcerns:alabourshortage,taxfalls,financialdifficultiesinpayingthehealthbillsandpensionsoflargenumbersoftheelderly.Moreover,abreakdownoffamilytiesinrecentyearsmeansagrowingnumberofolderJapanesearespendingtheirgoldenyearsawayfromthecaretraditionallyprovidedbychildrenandgrandchildren.That'swherecutting­edgetechnologystepsin.5．ShigehisaKobayashiisthenameof________.A．anelderlypatientB．arobotC．thedeveloperoftherobotD．theheadofacompany6．Theunderlinedword“maneuvered”inthefourthparagraphprobablymeans“________”．A．movedskillfully B．turnedcarefullyC．liftedwitheffort D．fixedquickly7．MySpoonfeedingrobotisspeciallydesignedfor________.A．thoseaged55orolderB．thosewhohavedifficultyinfeedingthemselvesC．thosewhohavelosttheabilityofeatingD．thosewhocanmovetheirarmsfreely8．Withthespecialrobots,theelderlyinJapancan________.A．puttheirlivesunderthecontroloftherobotsB．helpthemselvesC．savealotofmoneyforthegovernmentD．havetheirmedicalbillsreducedCMentakemorerisks.Instudies,menasawholedisplaylesscautiousbehaviourthanwomen,suchasdrivingathigherspeedsandclosertoothercars,notwearingseatbelts,anddrivingwhiledrunkmoreoften.Theyevenmakeriskierturnsandtakelesstimewhenparking(althoughtheydoamoreaccuratejob,saysTomVanderbilt,authorofTraffic:WhyWeDrivetheWayWeDoandWhatItSaysaboutUs)．BUT...howsomeonedrivesdoesn'tnecessarilyequalhowwellhedrives.Mendoseemtobebetteratcertaindrivingtasksthanwomen.However,thisslightedge(优势)inabilitydoesn'ttranslateintobetterdrivingrecords.Thekindsofaccidentsmengetintoaregenerallytheresultoftheirriskierbehaviour.Accordingtoonestudy,menaremorethanthreetimesaslikelytobeticketedfor“aggressivedriving”thanwomen,andmorethan25percentaslikelytobeatfaultinanaccident.Perception(观念)isapowerfulthing.Inspiteoftheresearch,itisstilldifficulttodeterminewhethermenaretrulyinnately(天生地)betterdriversthanwomenorifthey'resimplymoreconfidentintheirdrivingbecausethey'reconsideredtobebetter,andthusshowbetterskills.Similarly,theperceptionthatwomenareweakerdriversmaynegativelyaffecttheirperformancebehindthewheel.Womenarecatchingup...whichisn'tnecessarilygoodnews.Menmayberesponsibleformoreaccidentsthanwomen,butthegapisgettingsmaller.Today,morewomendrive(anddrivemore)thaneverbefore,whichhastheunfortunateconsequenceofanincreaseinspeeding,aggressivedriving,andsoon.9．Thetextismostprobablytakenfrom________.A．abookreview B．alibraryguideC．adrivingguidebook D．anewspaperreport10．Theauthordevelopsthefirstparagraphmainlyby________.A．makingcomparisonsB．givingexamplesC．analyzingreasonsandresultsD．followingtheorderofimportance11．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Womenshouldberesponsibleformostaccidents.B．Mencauseaccidentsmainlybecausetheyarecareless.C．TomVanderbiltbelievesthatwomencanparkmoreaccuratelythanmen.D．Theauthordoubtswhethermenareborntobebetterdriversthanwomen.参考答案：1.B细节理解题。根据第二段