(完整word版)英美国家历史与文化答案

Chapter1LandandHistoryChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.(5pointsforeach)ThefollowingfigureswereoftenconsideredthefoundingfathersoftheAmericanRepublicEXCEPT__C_.A.GeorgeWashingtonB.ThomasJeffersonC.RogerWilliamsD.JohnAdamsThefollowingweresomeofthecharacteristicsofPuritanismEXCEPT_A_.A.Manifestdestiny B.ReligiousfreedomC.Intolerantmoralism D.SeparationofstateandchurchThe1920swasassociatedwiththefollowingEXCEPT__D.A.SilentmoviesB.KuKluxKlanC.ProhibitionD.TelevisionClintonwasthesecondUSpresidenttobeimpeachedbytheHouseofRepresentatives,butretiredinthe_A_.A.TheSenateB.theSupremeCourtC.TheDepartmentofJusticeD.TheFederalReserve5)WhichofthefollowingdidnottakeplaceintheNixonadministration?BA.VietnamizationB.CubanMissileCrisisA.VietnamizationB.CubanMissileCrisisC.WatergateScandal2.MatchtheUSpresidenteach)C.WatergateScandal2.MatchtheUSpresidenteach)D.Re-establishingUSwithChina.withtheeventthattookplaceinhispresidency.(5pointsforAbrahamLincolnFranklinD.Roosevelt.JohnF.KennedyRichardNixoncAbrahamLincolnFranklinD.Roosevelt.JohnF.KennedyRichardNixoncBillClintonbNewDealRapiddevelopmentinITIndustryWatergateScandalCubanMissileCrisisCivilWar3.TranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.WhenanAmericansaysthatheloveshiscountry,hemeansnotonlythathelovestheNewEnglandhills,theprairiesglisteninginthesun,thewideandrisingplains,thegreatmountains,andthesea.Hemeansthathelovesaninnerair,aninnerlightinwhichfreedomlivesandinwhichamancandrawthebreathofself-respect.当一个美国人说他热爱他的祖国， 他不仅仅意味着他深爱着新英格兰连绵的山丘，阳光下熠熠生辉的草原，宽阔无边际的平原，巍峨的高山和一望无际的大海。 他真正想表达的是他热爱美国内在的氛围， 内在的精神那就是在美国这片土地上他可以自由的呼吸， 有尊严的生活。Chapter2GovernmentandPoliticsChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.(5pointsforeach)Congresscanoverridethepresident'svotebyavote.AA.two-thirdsB.Three-fourthsC.SinglemajorityD.four-fifthsTherearecurrentlySupremeCourtjusticesonthebench.BA.7 B.9 C.11 D.13TheFounderswantedthebranchtobethedominantbranchofthefederalgovernment.BA.executiveB.legislativeC.JudicialD.mediaAmongtheelectedpoliticalofficials,onlyareelectedbyallcitizensoftheUnitedStates.CA.CongressmanB.Vice-presidentC.PresidentD.StategovernorsWhatisthemostimportantweaponinthehandofSupremeCourt?DA.VetoB.OverridingavetoC.ImpeachmentD.Judicialreview..Judgewhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).(5pointsforeach)1)F_AfricanAmericanhadtherightstovotein1776.2)__F__FortheUnitedStates,oneofthebasicprinciplesissocialistdemocracy.3)__TAmericanpresidenthasnovoteincongress.4)__F__MostofthebillsintroducedtoCongresscaneventuallybecomelaw.5)_F__WilsonsucceededtopersuadeCongresstoratifytheTreatyofVersailles..TranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.WhateverchangesinObama'shandlingofforeignaffairs,onethingtobesureaboutisthatthechangesaretacticalinnature.ManyofthegoalspursuedbytheBushadministrationremainunchanged.First,Americawilllead.AsSecretaryofStateHillaryClintonputit,Thequestionisnotwhetherournationcanorshouldlead,buthowitwillleadinthe21stcentury."Second,exportofdemocracywillcontinue,butlesswiththehelpofbayonet.Third,militarystrengthanduseofforceareimportant.Wewillnothesitatetodefendourfriends,ourinterestandalsoallourpeople,vigorouslyandwhennecessarywiththeworld'sstrongestmilitary.不管奥巴马怎样改变其处理外国事物的手段， 我们可以确定的一点是这些变动在本质上都是外交策略。布什总统执政时期追求的很多目标都没有变。首先，美国将会领导其他国家。正如美国国务卿希拉里・ 克林顿所说：现在的问题不是我们国家能不能或该不该领导， 而是我们应怎样在21世纪领导。其次，民主输出将会继续，但是要减少对武力的依赖。再次，军备实力和武装的调度很重要。 “我们将毫不犹豫的保护我们的朋友，保障我们的利益和我们的人民，并将在必要的时候大力的动用世界上最强大的军事力量。 ”Chapter4SocialLifeandCultureChoosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.(5pointsforeach)1)whichofthefollowingisanon-profitpublictelevisionnetworkintheUS?CA.ABC B.CBS C.PBS D.CNNJazzhasitsrootsinthefollowingEXCEPT.DA.WestAfricanmusicalculture.B.AfricanAmericanmusictraditionsC.EuropeanmilitarybandmusicD.AmericannativeIndianmusicwhichisnotincludedinthethemeofcountrymusic?BA.Loveandromance B.WarandpeaceC.Pastglories D.ReligiousbeliefswhichthemeamongthefourwastheLEASTrelevanttoErnestHemingway'sworks?BA.WarB.RomanceC.Death D.DisillusionmentwhichoneamongthefollowingwriterswasanAfricanAmerican?BA.ArthurMillerB.ToniMorrisonC.MarkTwainD.J.D.Salinger.Judgewhethereachstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).(5pointsforeach)1)__T_Americanchurchesarenotonlyplaceswhereceremoniesareconducted,butcommunitycentersforpeopletomakefriendswitheachother.2)_F__AmericansobservetheLaborDayonthesamedayastheChinese.3)__F_Americansonlylikepopularmusicwhilelittleattentionispaidtoclassicalmusic.4)__T_CountrymusicwasoriginallyplayedandlistenedtobyAmericansfarmers.

5)__T_Rock'n'rollisnotonlyaformofmusicbutalsoalifestyle..TranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.ToniMorrisonisanAfrican-Americannovelist.Herrichlywovenfictionhasgainedherinternationalreputation.Inhernovels,shetreatsthecomplexidentitiesofblackpeopleinauniversalmanner.Andin1993,shewontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.InherearlyworkTheBluestEye(1970),astrong-willedyoungblackgirltellsthestoryofPecolaBreedlove,whosurvivesanabusivefather.Pecolabelievesthatherdarkeyesmagicallybecomeblue,andthattheywillmakeherlovable.Morrisonhassaidthatshewascreatingherownsenseofidentityasawriterthroughthisnovel:"IwasPecola,Claudia,everybody/'herotherbooksincludeSula(1973),SongofSolomon(1977),andBeloved(1987).托尼・莫里森是一位著名的非裔美籍小说家。她凭借其情节跌宕起伏的小说而享誉全球。在她的小说里，她一一种最普遍的方式来处理黑人复杂的身份认知。她与 1993年获得里诺贝尔文学奖。在其早期的作品《最蓝的眼睛》 (1970)中，一个坚强的黑人女孩讲述了一个从有暴力倾向的父亲手里存活下来的帕克拉・ 布里得拉维的故事。帕克拉相信她的黑色眼睛奇迹般的变成蓝色， 并且蓝色的眼睛会让她变得讨人喜欢。 莫里森说过她是以一个作家的身份通过这本小说来建立自己的身份认知。 “大家好，我是帕克拉・克劳迪娅。”她其他的作品包括《苏拉》(1973),《所罗门之歌》(1977)和《亲爱的》(1987)。Chapter6LandanHistory.Choosethemostappropriateanswertoeachquestionorstatement.(5pointsforeach)GreatBritainincludesthefollowingEXCEPT.DA.EnglandB.WalesC.ScotlandD.NorthernIreland.whichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetextaboutLondonasacenterof?DA.PoliticsB.CommerceC.CultureD.Industry.theitemthatDoomsdaybookdidnotrecordwas.DA.Landandproperty B.MillsandcottagesC.DutiesandlandownersD.Petanimalsthegloriousrevolution”of1688putonthethrone.DA.CharlesIB.CharlesIIC.JamesIID.WilliamandMary.OliverCromwellruledEnglandforaboutyearsinthe17thcentury.AA.10 B.20 C.30 D.50BenNeviscTheThamesaLochNessdBenNeviscTheThamesaLochNessdAlfredtheGreatWilliamtheConquerordthebest-knownriverintheIKwholedSaxonagainstinvasionbytheVikingsthehighestpeakintheUKalakeinScottishHighlandswhoruledEnglandfromearly11thcentury.TranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.Thecityisappreciatedforitsbeautyanditsculturallife,particularlyduringtheworld-famousEdinburghFestival,acollectionofseveralfestivalsofmusicanddramaheldinautumnatvariouscentersinEdinburgh.TheEdinburghMilitaryTattoo(anannualmilitaryparade)isheldintheparadegroundofthecastleforthreeweeksinAugustanSeptember.TheeventisapopulartouristattractionanaddscolortotheEdinburghFestival.这座城市以其美丽的风光和丰富的文化生活而为人所向往， 尤其是在世界闻名的爱丁堡节庆期间一一秋季，在各种各样的中心开展丰富多彩的音乐节和戏剧节。 每年的八月和九月都会在城堡的游行广场举行为期三周的爱丁堡军乐节(一种年度的军队游行) 。这个盛世喜迎了很多的游客，同时，也为爱丁堡节庆增添了色彩。Chapter7GovernmentandPoliticsChoosethemostappropriateanswerstoeachquestionorstatement.Abilldealingwithfinanceisintroduced.BA.IntheHouseofLords B.IntheHouseofCommonsC.BytheLordChancellor D.BytheHomeofSecretaryThePrimeMinisterleadsin.AA.TheCabinetB.TheHouseofOfficeC.ParliamentD.ThejudiciaryTheConservativeandLaborpartiespredominantthegeneralelectioneversince.BA.1920B.1945 C.1950D.1975ThegeneralelectionintheUKisheldeveryyears.DA.TwoB.ThreeC.FourD.FiveStatuelaintheUKconsistsof.CA.PracticeincourtB.ConventionC.ActsofParliamentD.CustomsJudgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F)._FTheCabinetconsistsofonlyimportantdepartmentminsters.__F__OnlytheHouseofCommonscanintroducebills.3)T_TonyBlairranthegovernmentinthreetermsinarow.__T__ChancelloroftheExchequerisaCabinetminister.__F__NO.10DowningStreetstandsfortheCabinetwhileBuckinghamPalacestandsforParliament.TranslatetheEnglishpassageintoChinese.OfficialUKpolicysince1997towardsChinaistoadvanceitscommercialinterestsandtopromotepositive"socialandpoliticalchangeinChina.TheUKretainsapoliticaldialoguewithChinaoverhumanrightsapartfromparticipatinginmultilateraldialoguethroughtheEU.Ineffect,increasingeconomictieswithChinaisseenasbeingthebestwayofintegratingChinaintointernationalsocietyandalsoofbenefitingtheinterestsofUKbusiness.Thebilateraltradeandeconomiccooperationbetweennationshasenjoyedcontinueddevelopment.TheUnitedKingdomremainsChina'slargestinterestinvestorandthesecondlargesttradepartneramongcountries.自1997年起，英对中的官方政策一推动商贸交易和促进中国在社会和经济上的改革委中心。除了欧盟的多方会谈外，英国还就人权问题同中国保持对话。 事实上，加强中英双方的经济交流是中国融入国际社会的最好方式， 同时也是有利于英国商业受益的最好方式。 中英两国的双方贸易和经济合作持续推进。 在所有欧盟国家中，英国是中国最大的投资国和第二大贸易伙伴。Chapter9SociallifeChoosethemostappropriateanswerstoeachquestionorstatement.Britishwayoflifehasoftenbeendescribedasbeing.AA.Peacefulandquiet B.UnderdevelopmentC.Poorandmiserable D.MaterializedWhichofthefollowingchangesisNOTaccurateaboutBritishfood?CA.QualityB.CharacterC.TasteD.ChefsInaBritishpubonecandothefollowingEXCEPT.BOrderadrinkatthebarOrderfoodatatableTalktostrangersfreelyTalktoothersnoisily.ThesportthatisbeingcriticizedintheUKis.AA.FoxhuntingB.FootballC.OpencampingD.HorseracingWhichofthefollowingisaqualitypaper?AA.DailyTelegraphB.DailyMirrorC.DailyMailD.DailyExpressJudgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementistrue(T)orfalse(F).1)__T__therearerapidgrowthinthepost-warprosperityofBritishsociety.2)__T__BritishpeopleenjoyfoodfromforeignrestaurantsintheUK.3)__F__MostoftheBritishholidaysnowarespentbypeopletravelingabroad.4)F_Thelowpriceofferedbyout-of-townmallscanbeupsetbythecostofpetrolusedfordrivingthere.5)_F Mostoftheowner-occupieddwellingshavebeenacquiredwiththeaidfromthegovernment.TranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChinese.NewspapersintheUKspeakforclass-basedgroups.Thetwotabloidshaveapredominantlyworking-classreadership,thequalities"amoremiddle-classandwell-educatedone.AdvertisementsfoeteachersandsocialworkersusuallyappearintheTheGuardianbecauseteachersanssocialworkersareapttoreadTheGuardian,whichsupporttheinterestsofpublicsectoremployees.Incontrast,TheTimesspeaksforwhatusedtobecalledtheestablishment.TheDailyExpressandDailyMailaremoreup-markettabloidsandhaveasociallymorerepresentativereadership.在英国，针对不同的阶级有不同的报纸。通俗小报拥有很多工薪阶层的读者，而 “品质”报则拥有中产阶级和受过良好教育的读者。在《卫报》上常常刊登教师和社工的招聘广告，因为教师和社工倾向于看维护公共雇员利益的 《卫报》。相反，《时代周刊》则为所谓国家利益机构代言。《每日快报》和《每日邮报》是较上层的小报并且拥有较有社会代表性的读者。Chapter11ANationfromSeatoSeaJudgewhethereachofstatementistrue(F)orfalse(F).1)__F__Inarea,Canadaisthelargestcountryitheworld.2)F_Canadahasalwaysbeenrankedinfirstplaceas'themostlivablecountryintheworld.”3)__T__ThewesternmostprovinceofBritishColumbiaisinthePacificRegion.4)__T__ThemajorityofpopulationinTorontoisofneitherBritishnorFrenchdescent.5)__T__ThenewlysetupoftheItaliannavigatorwholandedinNewfoundlandin1497isJohnCabot.MatchtheitemsinColumnAwiththeanswersinColumnB.CanadasfirstPrimeMinisterca.ChamplainFatherofNewFrancea b.OttawaLargestCanadiancityd c.JohnA.Macdonald

TheofficialLanguagesActeCapitalcityofCanadabd.Torontoe.PierreE.Trudeand.Torontoe.PierreE.TrudeanWhenIthinkofCanada,Ithinkofforestsfilledwithanimals,andvastamountsoftrees.Ithinkofmountainshigh,oflakeswherebeaverslive.WhenIthinkofCanada,Iseehockeyontheice,andbaseballplayersonthefield,holdingourflagwithpride.WhenIthinkofCanada,Ithinkofpeopleproud,tobeofdifferentcultures,IthinkofNiagaraFalls,thenaturalwondersofourland.WhenIthinkofCanada,IseethegreatSkyDome.Iseeaplacethatmanypeoplecanproudlycalltheirhome.Chapter14TheCountryDownUnderChoosethemostappropriateanswerstoeachquestionorstatements5pointsforeach)Currently,Australia'sbiggesttradingpartneris.AA.ChinaB.JapanC.TheUSAD.ASEANcountries.AustraliaandChinaestablisheddiplomaticrelationsin.BA.1971B.1972C.1973D.1974AustraliaisNOTamemberof.CA.APECB.ANZUSC.ASEAND.WTOWhichofthefollowingisaminoritypartyinAustralianpolitics? DA.TheAustralianLaborParty B.TheLiberalPartyC.TheNationalParty D.TheAustralianGreens.Whichofthefollowingstatementstrue?DThepartythatwinsthemajorityofseatsintheSenateformsthegovernment.ThePrimeMinsterisappointedbytheGovernor-General.TheHouseofRepresentativeshasanequalmembersformeachstate.TheSenatehasanequalnumberofmembersfromeachstate.MatchtheitemsinColumnAwiththeanswersinColumnB.SouthAustraliad a.themostisolatedcityintheworld.AustraliaDayc b.themostartificialcityinAustraliaAdvancedAustraliaFair'e c.SurvivedDayfortheindigenouspeopleCanberrab d.aconvict-freecolonyPertha e.nationalanthemofAustraliaTranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChinese.Australiaisthesecondlargestcountryinthesouthernhemisphereintermsofislandarea,neattoBrazil.Itisalsotheonlycountryintheworldthatoccupiesawholecontinent.TheAustraliancontinentisthesmallestofallthecontinents;atthesametimeitisalsothelargestislandintheworld.ThetotalterritoryofAustraliacoversanareaof7'692'024sqkm(AustralianBureauofStatistics,2006).Itisthesixthlargestcountryintheworld,afterRussia,Canada,China,theUnitedStatesandBrazil.就陆地面积而言，澳大利亚是南半球面积第二的国家。 毗邻巴西。它也是世界上唯一一个独占一个大洲的国家。澳大利亚大陆是所有大陆中面积最小的；同时，它也是世界上最大的岛屿。澳大利亚的所有领地面积为7,692,024平方千米。（澳大利亚国家统计局2006年数据）它是世界上第六大国家，仅次于俄罗斯，加拿大，中国，美国和巴西。

Chapter17Land,HistoryandPeople.Judgewhethereachstatementistrue(F)orfalse(F).1)T_ItwastheVikinginvadersthatgaveIrelanditspresentname.2)F_LikeEnglish,IrishGaeilgebelongstoRomanlanguages.3)__F__Irelanddeclareditselfarepublicin1922.4)T_TheTainisthetitlefortheIrishCeltssaga.5)__T__Whenfoundedin1594,TrinityCollege,DublinwasopenonlytoProtestants.MatchtheitemsinColumnAwiththeanswersinColumnB.StBrigidaMariaEdgeworthcStBrigidaMariaEdgeworthcHenryIIbHenryVIIIeElizabethIatoafullKingdomd.CO-founderofanunneryinCountyKildaree.Britishking/queenwhoupgradedIrelandfromLordshipTranslatethefollowingEnglishpassageintoChinese.Despitethesetensions,mostofthe1ghcenturywasaperiodofrelativepeaceincomparisonwiththeprecedingtwohundredyearsandthetwocenturiestofollow.Duringthisperiodthepopulationdoubledtocoverfourmillion,and,whilethistimeisrecalledinfolkmemoryasoneofpoliticaloppressionofthemajorityoftheIrishpopulation,bythelate18thcentury,manyoftheAnglo-Irishrulingclass-onceconsideredtooIrishinEnglandandtooEnglishinIreland,nowbecamequiteadamantlyIrishinIreland.ItisperhapsoneofthegreatestironiesofBritishcolonizationthat,intherevoltsoverthecomingcentury,thosewhoinspiredthemwerelargelyProtestant,well-bornandAnglo-Iris