化工管道设计技术词汇

化工管道设计技术词汇1管道组成件Pipingcomponent管子Pipe管子（按照配管标准规格制造的）pipe管子（不按配管标准规格制造的其他用管）tube钢管steelpipe铸铁管castironpipe衬里管linedpipe复合管cladpipe碳钢管carbonsteelpipe合金钢管alloysteelpipe不锈钢stainlesssteelpipe奥氏体不锈钢管austeniticstainlesssteelpipe铁合金钢管ferriticalloysteelpipe轧制钢管wrought-steelpipe锻铁管wrought-ironpipe无缝钢管seamless（SMLS）steelpipe管件Fitting弯头elbow异径弯头reducingelbow带支座弯头baseelbowk半径弯头longradiuselbow短半径弯头shortradiuselbow长半径180°弯头longradiusreturn三通tee异径三通reducingtee等径三通straighttee带侧向口的三通（右向或左向）sideoutlettee（righthandor1efthand）异径三通（分支口为异径）reducingtee（reducingonoutlet）异径三通（一个直通口为异径）reducingtee（reducingononerun）带支座三通basetee异径三通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducingtee（reducingononerunandoutlet）四通cross等径四通straightcross异径四通reducingcross异径四通（一个分支口为异径）reducingcross（reducingononeoutlet）异径四通（一个直通口及分支口为异径）reducing异径管reducer同心异径管concentricreducer偏心异径管eccentricreducer锻制异径管reducingswage焊接钢管weldedsteelpipe电阻焊钢管electric-resistanceweldedsteelpipe电熔（弧）焊钢板卷管electric-fusion（arc）-weldedsteel-platepipe螺旋焊接钢管spiralweldedsteelpipe镀锌钢管galvanizedsteelpipe热轧无缝钢管hot-rollingseamlesspipe冷拔无缝钢管cold-drawingseamlesspipe水煤气钢管water-gassteelpipe塑料管plasticpipe玻璃管glasstube橡胶管rubbertube直管runpipe;straightpipe短半径180°弯头shortradiusreturn带侧向口的弯头（右向或左向）sideoutletelbow（righthandorlefthand）双支管弯头（形）doublebranchelbow异径三通（两个直通口为异径，双头式）reducingtee（reducingonbothruns,bullhead）45°斜三通45°lateral45°斜三通（支管为异径）45°lateral（reducingonbranch）45°斜三通（一个直通口为异径）45°lateral（reducingononerun）45°斜三通（一个直通口及支管为异径）45°lateral（reducingononerunandbranch）Y型三通（俗称裤衩）true“Ycross（reducingononerunandoutlet）异径四通（两个分支口为异径）reducingcross（reducingonbothoutlet）异径四通（一个直通口及两个分支口为异径）reducingcross（reducingononerunandbothoutlet）螺纹支管台threadolet焊接支管台weldolet承插支管台sockolet弯头支管台elbolet斜接支管台latrolet镶入式支管嘴sweepolet短管支管台nipolet支管台，插入式支管台boss管接头coupling,fullcoupling半管接头halfcoupling弯管Bend预制弯管fabricatedpipebend跨越弯管(人形)cross-overbend偏置弯管(~形)offsetbend90°弯管quarterbend环形弯管cirelebend单侧偏置90°弯管(？形)singleoffsetquarterbendS形弯管“s”bend单侧偏置U形膨胀弯管(|?形)singleoffset"U”法兰Flange(FLG)整体管法兰integralpipeflange钢管法兰steelpipeflange螺纹法兰threadedflange滑套法兰(包括平焊法兰)slip-onflange(SO);slip-onweldingflange承插焊法兰socketweldingflange松套法兰lapjointflange(LJF)对焊法兰weldingneckflange(WNF)法兰盖blindflange,blind孑L板法兰orificeflange异径法兰reducingflange盘座式法兰padtypeflange松套带颈法兰loosehubbedflange焊接板式法兰weldingplateflange对焊环weldingneckcollar(与stubend相似)平焊环welding-oncollar突缘短节stubend,lap番羽边端lappedpipeend松套板式法兰looseplateflange压力级pressurerating,pressureratingclass垫片Gasket(GSKT)垫片的型式typeofgasket平垫片flatgasket环形平垫片flatringgasket平金属垫片flatmetalgasket夹棉织物的橡胶elastomerwithcottonfabricinsertion夹石棉织物的橡胶elastomerwithasbestosfabricinsertion异径管接头reducingcoupling活接头union内外螺纹缩接(俗称补芯)bushing管帽cap(C)堵头plug短节nipple异径短节reducingnipple;swagenipplebendU形弯管"U”bend双偏置U膨胀弯管doubleoffsetexpansion"U”bend斜接弯管mitrebend三节斜接弯管3-piecemitrebend折皱弯管corrugatedbend圆度roundness压力一温度等级pressure-temperaturerating法兰密封面，法兰面flangefacing突面raisedface(RF)凸面maleface(MF)凹面femaleface(FMF)榫面tongueface槽面grooveface环连接面ringjointface全平面；满平面flatface;fullface(FF)光滑突面smoothraisedface(SRF)法兰面加工facingfinish粗糙度roughness光滑的smooth齿形serrated均方根rootmeansquare(RMS)算术平均粗糙高度arithmeticalaverageroughnessheight(AARH)配对法兰companion-flange螺栓圆boltcircle(B.C.)夹石棉织物及金属丝加强的橡胶 elastomerwithasbestosfabricinsertionandwithwirereinforcement无石墨压缩白石棉垫片nongraphitedcompressedwhiteasbestosgasket天然白橡胶垫片naturalwhiterubbergasket压缩石棉垫片compressedasbestosclassgasket浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉垫片PTFEimpregnatedasbestosgasket夹石棉的缠绕金属垫片spiral-woundmetalgasketwithasbestosfiller内环innerring外环，外定位环outerring波纹金属垫片corrugatedmetalgasket波纹金属包嵌石棉垫片 corrugatedmetalgasketwithasbestosinserted双夹套波纹金属包石棉垫片corrugatedmetaldoublejacketedasbestosfilledgasket双夹套垫片doublejacketedgasket阀门Valve1.6.1阀门结构、零件阀轭yoke外螺纹阀杆及阀轭outsidescrewandyoke(OS&Y)阀杆stem内螺纹insidescrew(IS)阀轭套yokesleeve阀杆环stemring阀座valveseat(bodyseat)阀座环、密封圈seatring整体(阀)座integralseat堆焊(阀)座depositedseat阀芯(包括密封圈、杆等内件)trim阀盘disc阀盘密封圈discseat阀体body阀盖bonnet阀盖衬套bonnetbush螺纹阀帽screwcap螺纹阀盖screwbonnet螺栓连接的阀盖boltedbonnet(BB)活接阀盖(帽)unionbonnet(cap)螺栓连接的阀帽boltedcap(BC)焊接阀盖weldedbonnet(WB)本体阀杆密封bodystemseal石棉安全密封asbestosemenenseal倒密封backseal压力密封的阀盖pressure-tightbonnet动力操纵器poweredoperator常用阀(1)闸阀gatevalve平行双闸板doublediscparallelseat开口楔形闸板splitwedge挠性整体楔形闸扳flexiblesolidwedge⑵截止阀globevalve球心型阀盘globetypedisc塞型阀盘plugtypedisc金属包石棉平垫片flatmetaljacketedasbestosfilledgasket整体金属齿形垫片solidmetalserratedgasket槽形金属垫片groovedmetalgasket环形连接金属垫片ringjointmetalgasket八角环形垫片octagonalringgasket椭圆环形垫片ovalringgasket透镜式垫片lensgasket非金属垫片non-metallicgasket电动操纵器electricmotoroperator气动操纵器pneumaticoperator液压操纵器hydraulicoperator快速操纵器quick-actingoperator滑动阀杆slidingstem正齿轮传动spurgearoperated伞齿轮传动bevelgearoperated扳手操作wrenchoperated链轮chainwheel手轮handwheel手柄handlever(handle)气缸(或液压缸)操纵的cylinderoperated链条操纵的chainoperated等径孔道fullbore;fullport异径孔道reducingbore,reducedport,venturiport短型shortpattern紧凑型(小型)compacttype笼式环lanternring压盖gland阀杆填料stempacking阀盖垫片bonnetgasket升杆式(明杆)risingstem(RS)非升杆式(暗杆)non-risingstem(NRS)指示器/限位器indicator/stopper注油器greaseinjector可更换的阀座环renewableseatring整体楔形闸板solidwedge塞型闸阀pluggatevalve直通型闸阀throughconduitgatevalve可转动的阀盘swiveldisc节流闪阀throttlevalve针阀needlevalve角阀anglevalve⑸Y型阀(Y型阀体截止阀)Y-valve(Y-bodyglobevalve)(6)球阀ballvalve三通球阀3-wayballvalve装有底轴的trunnionmounted耐火型firesafetype(7)蝶阀butterflyvalve对夹式(薄片型)wafertype凸耳式lugtype偏心阀板蝶阀offsetdiscburerflyvalve;eccentricbutterflyvalve8)柱塞阀pistontypevalve旋塞阀plugvalve三通旋塞阀three-wayplugvalve四通旋塞阀four-wayplugvalve隔膜阀diaphragmvalve橡胶衬里隔膜阀rubberlineddiaphragmvalve直通式隔膜阀straightwaydiaphragmvalve夹紧式胶管阀pinchvalve(用于泥浆、粉尘等)止回阀checkvalve升降式止回阀liftcheckvalve旋启式止回阀swingcheckvalve,flapcheckvalve落球式止回阀ballcheckvalve弹簧球式止回阀springballcheckvalve双板对夹式止回阀dualplatewafertypecheckvalve无撞击声止回阀non-slamcheekvalve1.6.3其它用途的阀安全泄气阀safetyvalve(SV)安全泄液阀reliefvalve(RV)安全泄压阀safetyreliefvalve杠杆重锤式leverandweighttype引导阀操纵的安全泄气阀pilotoperatedsafetyvalve复式安全泄气阀twintypesafetyvalve罐底排污阀flush-bottomtankvalve电磁阀solenoidvalve,solenoidoperatedvalve电动阀electricallyoperatedvalve,electric-motoroperatedvalve气动阀pneumaticoperatedvalve低温用阀cryogenicservicevalve蒸汽疏水阀steamtrap机械式疏水阎mechanicaltrap浮桶式疏水阀openbuckettrap,opentopbuckettrap浮球式疏水阀floattrap浮动球型floatingballtype防脱出阀杆blowoutproofstem斜阀盘蝶阀canteddiscbutterflyvalve连杆式蝶阀linkbutterflyvalve旋塞cock衬套旋塞sleevecock堰式隔膜阀weirdiaphragmvalve底阀footvalve切断式止回阀stopcheckvalve;non-returnvalve活塞式止回阀pistoncheckvalve斜翻盘止回阀tiltingdisccheckvalve蝶式止回阀butterflycheckvalve倒吊桶式疏水阀invertedbuckettrap自由浮球式疏水阀loosefloattrap恒温式疏水阀thermostatictrap金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀metalexpansionsteamtrap液体膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀liquidexpansionsteamtrap双金属膨胀式蒸汽疏水阀bimetallicexpansionsteamtrap压力平衡式恒温疏水阀balancedpressurethermostatictrap热动力式疏水阀thermodynamictrap脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀impulsesteamtrap放气阀(自动放气阀)airventvalve(automaticairventvalve)(疏水阀用)平板式滑动闸阀slabtypeslidinggatevalve盖阀flatvalve换向阀divertingvalve,reversingvalve热膨胀阀thermoexpansionvalve自动关闭阀self-closinggatevalve自动排液阀self-drainingvalve管道盲板阀line-blindvalve挤压阀squeezevalve（用于泥浆及粉尘等）呼吸阀breathervalve风门、挡板damper减压阀pressurereducingvalve,reducingvalve1.6.4未指明结构（或阀型）的阀切断阀blockvalve;shut-offvalve;stopvalve调节阀regulatingvalve，快开阀quickopeningvalve快闭阀quickclosingvalve隔断阀isolatingvalve三通阀threewayvalve夹套阔jacketedvalve非旋转式阀non-rotaryvalve排污阀blowdownvalve集液排放阀dripvalve排液阀drainvalve放空阀ventvalve卸载阀unloadingvalve排出阀dischargevalve吸入阀suctionvalve多通路阀multiportvalve管道特殊件PipingSpecialty1.7.1管道特殊件（组件）粗滤器strainer过滤器filter临时粗滤器（锥型）temporarystrainer（conetype）y型粗滤器y-typestrainerT型粗滤器T-typestrainer永久过滤器permanentfilter丝网粗滤器gauzestrainer洗眼器及淋浴器eyewasherandshower视镜sightglass阻火器flamearrester喷嘴；喷头spraynozzle取样冷却器samplecooler消声器silencer膨胀节expansionjoint波纹膨胀节bellowexpansionjoint单波singlebellow管道特殊元件PipingSpecialElement软管接头hoseconnection（HC）快速接头quickcoupling金属软管metalhose控制阀controlvalve膜式控制阀diaphragmoperatedcontrolvalve执行机构actuator背压调节阀backpressureregulatingvalve差压调节阀differentialpressureregulatingvalve压力比例调节阀pressureratioregulatingvalve取样阀samplingvalve手动阀hand-operatedvalve;manuallyoperatedvalve锻造阀forgedvalve铸造阀castvalve（水）龙头bibb;bib;faucet抽出液阀（小阀）bleedvalve旁路阀by-passvalve软管阀hosevalve混合阀mixingvalve破真空阀vacuumbreaker冲洗阀flushvalve第一道阀；根部阀primaryvalve根部阀rootvalve总管阀headervalve事故切断阀emergencyvalve双波doublebellow多波multiplebellow压力平衡式膨胀节pressurebalancedexpansion带铰链膨胀节hingedexpansionjoint轴向位移型膨胀节axialmovementtypeexpansionjoint自均衡膨胀节（外加强环）self-equalizingexpansionjoint带接杆膨胀节tiedexpansionjoint万向型膨胀节universaltypeexpansionjoint球形补偿器balltypeexpansionjoint填函式补偿器sliptype（packedtype）expansionjoint单向滑动填料函补偿器singleactionpackedslipjoint橡胶管rubberhose挠性管flexibletube鞍形补强板reinforcingsaddles补强板reinforcementpad特殊法兰specialflange漏斗funnel排液环dripring排液漏斗drainfunnel插板blank端部连接EndConnection法兰端flangedend坡口端beveledend(BE)对焊端buttweldedend平端plainend(PE)承插焊端socketweldingend螺纹端threadedend(TE)承口bellend焊接端weldingend法兰连接(接头)flangedjoint对焊连接(接头)buttweldedjoint螺纹连接，管螺纹连接threadedjoint,pipethreadedjoint锥管螺纹密封焊连接seal-weldedtaperpipethreadedjoint承插焊连接(接头)socketweldedjoint承插连接(接头)bellandspigotjoint环垫接头ringjoint(RJ)万向接头universaljoint2管道用紧固件及螺纹2.1紧固件螺栓bolt六角头螺栓hexagonalheadbolt方头螺栓squareheadbolt螺柱，双头螺栓studbolt环头螺检eyebolt沉头螺栓countersunk(head)screw地脚螺栓anchorbolt;foundationbolt松紧螺旋扣(花篮螺丝)turnbuckleU形螺栓U-boltT形螺栓T-bolt圆头螺钉roundheadbolt机螺栓，机螺钉maehinebolt顶开螺栓，顶起螺栓Jackscrew自攻螺钉selftappingscrew膨胀螺栓expansionbolt粗制的coarse精制的finished,fine螺母nut六角螺母hexagonalnut垫环spacer8字盲板spectacleblind;figure8blind限流孔板restrictionorifice爆破片rupturedisk法兰盖贴面protectivedisc费托立克接头victauliccoupling软钎焊连接(接头)solderedjoint搭接接头，松套连接lappedjoint外侧厚度切斜角bevelforoutsidethickncss内侧厚度切斜角bevelforinsidethickness内外侧厚度切斜角bevelforcombinedthickness法兰式的flanged(FLGD)对焊的buttwelded(BW)螺纹的threaded(THD)承插焊的socketwelded(SW)小端为平的smallendplain(SEP)大端为平的largeendplain(LEP)两端平bothendsplain(BEP)小端带螺纹smallendthread(SET)大端带螺纹largeendthread(LET)两端带螺纹bothendthread(BET)一端带螺纹oneendthread(OET)支管连接branchconnection焊接支管branchpipeweldeddirectlytotherunpipe方螺母squarenut蝶形螺母wingnut扁螺母flatnut锁紧螺母locknut垫圈washer平垫圈plainwasher球面垫圈sphericalwasher弹簧垫圈springwasher方垫圈squarewasher斜垫圈slantwasher销轴pinnedshan销pin开口销cotterpin定位销dowelpin带孔销pinwithhole圆锥销taperpin铆钉rivet键key2.2螺纹左螺纹lefthandthread右螺纹righthandthread管螺纹pipethread锥管螺纹taperpipethread直管螺纹straightpipethread梯形螺纹trapezoidthread螺距pitchofthread特细牙螺纹extrafinethread通长螺纹fullthread惠氏螺纹whitworththread公制螺纹metricibread美国标准锥管螺纹 Americanstandardtaperpipethread(NPT)螺孔tap粗牙螺纹coarsethread细牙螺纹finethread3材料、型钢及填料3.1金属材料3.1.1黑色金属FerrousMetal碳素钢carbonsteel(CS)低碳钢low-carbonsteel中碳钢medium-carbonsteel高碳钢high-carbonsteel普通碳素钢generalcarbonsteel优质碳素钢high-qualitycarbonsteel普通低合金结构钢generalstructurelow-alloysteel合金结构钢structuralalloysteel合金钢alloysteel低合金钢lowalloysteel中合金钢mediumalloysteel高合金钢highalloysteel耐热钢heatresistingsteel高强度钢highstrengthsteel复合钢cladsteel工具钢toolsteel弹簧钢springsteel车目与冈molybdenumsteel镍钢nickelsteel铬与冈chromiumsteel铬钼钢chrome-molybdenumsteel铬镍钢chromium-nickelsteel,chrome-nickelsteel不锈钢stainlesssteel(S.S.)奥氏体不锈钢Austeniticstainlesssteel马氏体不锈钢Martensiticstainlesssteel司特来合金(钨铬钻台金)Stellite耐蚀耐热镍基合金Hastelloy铬镍铁合金inconel耐热铬镍铁合金incoloy20合金20alloy平炉钢(马丁钢)Martinsteel镇静钢killedsteel半镇静钢semi-killedsteel沸腾钢rimmedsteel;rimmingsteel;open-steel锻钢forgedsteel铸钢caststeel铸铁castiron(C.I.)灰铸铁greycastiron可锻铸铁malleableiron(MI)球墨铸铁nodularcastiron;nodulargraphiteiron生铁pigiron熟铁，锻铁wroughtiron铸件casting高硅铸铁highsiliconcastiron3.1.2镀层及制造方法渗铬钢，镀铬钢chromizedsteel镀铬的chromium-plated,chrome-plated镀层plating锻造，型钢swage锻造的，锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hotrolling冷轧coldrolling挤压extruding冷加工coldworking热加工hotworking拔制drawing有色金属Non-ferrousMetal铝aluminum铜，紫铜copper黄铜brass青铜bronze铝青铜aluminumbronze磷青铜phosphorbronze铝镁合金aluminummagnesium锰青铜manganesebronze蒙乃尔(注：镍及铜合金)Monel镍铜台金nickelcopperalloy非铁合金nonferrousalloy钛titanium铅lead硬铅hardlead3.1.4材料性能极限强度ultimatestrength抗拉强度tensilestrength屈服极限yieldlimit屈服点yieldpoint延伸率percentageelongation抗压强度compressivestrength抗弯强度bendingstrength弹性极限elasticlimit冲击值impactvalue疲劳极限fatiguelimit蠕变极限creeplimit持久极限endurancelimit布氏硬度Brinellhardness洛氏硬度Rockwellhardness维氏硬度Vickersdiamondhardness,diamondpenetratorhardness蠕变断裂强度creeprupturestrength断面收缩率reductionofarea韧性toughess脆性brittleness延性ductility冷脆coldshortness冷流coldflow3.2非金属材料Non-metallicMaterial塑料plastic丙烯月青—丁二烯一苯乙烯acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene(ABS)聚乙烯polyethylene(PE)聚氯乙烯polyvinylchloride(PVC)苯乙烯橡胶styrene-rubber(SR)聚丁烯polybutylene(PB)聚丙烯polypropylene(PP)聚苯乙烯polystyrene(PS)氯化聚醚chlorinatedpolyether(CPE)聚酰胺polyamide(PA)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate(PC)聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA)醋酸丁酸纤维素celluloseacetatebutyrate(CAB)氯化聚氯乙烯chlorinatedpolyvinylchloride(CPVC)聚偏二氟乙烯polyvinylidenefluoride(PVDF)缩醛塑料acetalplastic尼龙塑料nylonplastic聚烯烃polyolefin(PO)石墨酚醛塑料graphitephenolicplastics聚四氟乙烯polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)纤维增强热塑性塑料fiberreinforcedthermoplastics热塑性塑料thermoplastic热固性塑料thermosettingplastics胶粘剂adhesive溶剂胶接剂solventcement树脂resin环氧树脂epoxy,epoxyresin聚酯树脂polyesterresin聚酯纤维polyesterfibers氟塑料fluoroplastics聚氨基甲酸酯polyurethane丙烯酸树脂acrylicresin月尿醛树脂urearesin呋哺树脂furanresin乙烯丙烯二烃单体ethylenepropylenedienemonomer(EPDM)合成橡胶syntheticrubber橡胶rubber丁月青橡胶nitrilebutadienerubber氯丁橡胶neoprene天然橡胶naturalrubber乙丙橡胶ethylenepropylenerubber(EPR)玻璃glass硼硅玻璃borosilicateglass耐火砖firebrick陶瓷ceramic搪瓷porcelainenamel木材wood3.3型材型与冈shapedsteel,sectionsteel,swage角钢anglesteel槽钢channel工字钢I-beam宽缘工字钢或H钢wideflangedbeamT型钢T-bar方钢squarebar扁钢flatbar角钢hexagonalsteelbar圆钢roundsteel;rod钢带strapsteel钢板plate网纹钢板checkeredplate腹板(指型钢的立板)web翼缘(指型钢的缘)wing填料packing石棉绳asbestosrope,asbestoscord.O形环O-ring自密封self-sealing四氟带Teflontap带铬镍合金丝的石棉绳asbestosropewithinconelwire,inconelwireasbestos浸聚四氟乙烯的石棉填料Teflonimpregnatedasbestospacking金属填料metallicstuffing填料箱，填料函packingbox,stuffingbox填料函压盖stuffingboxgland4管道等级及材料统计管道材料规定PipingMaterialSpecification管道等级pipingclass;pipingclassification管道等级号classdesignation公称直径nominaldiameter(DN);nominal(pipe)size公称压力nominalpressure(PN)压力级，等级，类别class(CL)低压lowpressure(L.P.)中压mediumpressure(M.P.)高压highpressure(H.P.)大气压atmosphere(ATM)真空vacuum工作压力operatingpressure;workingpressure设计压力designpressure工作温度operatingtemperature设计温度designtemperature环境温度ambienttemperature腐蚀裕量corrosionallowance管道附件pipingattachment管道元件pipingelement壁厚wallthickness(WT)壁厚系列号schedulenumber(SCH.No.)加厚的，加强的extraheavy,extrastrong双倍加厚的，双倍加强的doubleextraheavy,doubleextrastrong通用连接组typiealinstallation分组(类)形式(如管道等级表)blockform数据库database文件file材料统计MaterialTake-off(MTO)、匚总表summarysheet材料表billofmaterial(BM)综合管道材料表consolidatedpipingmaterialsummarysheet(CPMSS)统计材料准确度accuracyoftake-off材料情况报告materialstatusreport(MSR)散装材料bulkmaterial编位号的itemized代码codenumber短代码shortcode数量quantity(QTY)重力weight净重netweight毛重grossweight5设备布置及管道布置PlotPlanandPipingLayout,EquipmentandPipingArrangement设备名称EquipmentName容器Vessel塔tower,column洗涤塔scrubber吸收塔absorber冷却塔coolingtower精馏塔fractionatingtower蒸馏塔distillationtower再生塔regeneringtower造粒塔prfllingtower汽提塔stripper脱气塔degasifier合成塔synthesistower反应器reactor聚台釜polymerizer转化器，变换器converter脱硫反应器desulphurizationreactor甲烷化器methanator气木巨gas-holder螺旋式气柜helicalgas-holder湿式气柜wetgas-holder干式气柜drygas-holder⑷槽罐贮罐tank;storagetank缓冲罐knockoutdrum球罐spheroid,sphericaltank罐drum接受槽receiver计量槽measuringtank加料槽feedtank排污罐blowdowntank闪蒸罐flashdrum汽包steamdrum溶液贮槽solutionstoragetank地下槽sloptank其它设备分离器separator旋风分离器cyclone分子筛molecularsieve脱氧器deaerator搅拌器agitator干燥器dryer混合器mixer萃取器extractor结晶器crystallizer澄清器gravitysettler净化器purifier气化器vaporizer吸附器adsorber融解槽melter减温器desuperheater升压器booster喷射器ejector喷头sprayer火炬flare消声器silencer换热器、加热器、冷却器换热器heatexchanger空冷器aircooler水冷却器watercooler冷凝器condenser螺旋板式换热器spiralplateheatexchanger蒸发器evaporator再沸器reboiler急冷器quencher深冷器chiller预热器preheater再热器reheater加热器heater电加热器electricheater过热器superheater给水加热器feedwaterheater中间冷却器intercooler后冷却器aftercooler5.1.2工业炉及锅炉炉子furnace烧嘴burner锅炉boiler烟囱stack废热锅炉wasteheatboiler辅助锅炉auxiliaryboiler省煤器economizer回热炉direct-firedheater辐射段radiantsection对流段convectionsection裂化炉reformer焚烧炉incinerator回转窑rotarykiln炉管furnacetube吹灰器sootblower观察孑Lobservationdoor,peepdoor防爆门explosiondoor5.2辅助用房名称5.2.1生产用房分析室analyzerroom变压器室transformerroom配电室，变电所substation,switchroom蓄电池室batteryroom控制室controlroom通风室ventilatingroom贮藏室storageroom维修间maintenanceroom办公室office5.2.2生活用房更农室lockerroom盥洗室，厕所closet,lavatory,toilet5.3图名管道布置平面pipingarrangementplan(PAP)管道布置pipinglayout轴测图isometricdrawing分区索引图keyplan初版设备布置图(“A"版)preliminaryplotplan("A”issue)内部审查版设备布置图(“B”版)inrernalapprovalplotplan("B”issue)用户审查版设备布置图(“C”版)ownerapprovalplotplan("C”issue)确认版设备布置图(“D”版)confirmplotplan("D”issue)研究版设备布置图(“e”版)planningplotplan("E”issue)设计版设备布置图(“F”)designingplotplan("F”issue)施工版设备布置图(“G”版)constructionplotplan("G”issue)5.4厂房、站、单元压缩机房compressorhouse(room)泵房pumphouse(room)洗眼站eyewasherstation泡沫站foamstation软管站，公用工程站hosestation(HS),utilitystation成套设备packageunit设施facilities罐区tankyard空分装置airseparationfacility5.5设备布置设备位号equipmentitemnumber工厂plant工厂区界plantlimit项目区界内侧insidebatterylimit(I.S.B.L.)项目区界batterylimit(BL)区界arealimit区域边界zoneiimit界外offsite东east(E)西west(W)南south(S)北north(N)上up下down工厂北向plantnorth真实北向truenorth道路road小过道catwalk,catway走道，过道walkway,gangway,accessway污水坑(井)sumppit集水池catchbasin沟槽through预留区trough场地futurearea铺砌区pavingarea非铺砌区unpavedarea碎石铺面gravelpaving橡皮铺面rubberpaving面积，区域area体积，容积volume(VOL)5.6管道布置管道设计pipingdesign管道研究pipingstudy走向研究routingstudy重要管道criticalpiping地上管道abovegroundpiping地下管道undergroundpiping管网networkofpipes管廊piperack管沟pipingtrench管间距linespacing管道跨距linespan总管header,manifold旁路bypass排液drain放空vent上升管，垂直管riser导管canduit裸管bareiine管件直接fittingtofitting(FTF)管段，接口spoolpiece,spool取样接口samplingconnection集液包dripleg伴热管tracingpipe蒸汽伴热steamtracing热水伴热hot-watertracing电伴热electricaltracing夹套管jacketedline,jacketedpiping全夹套的fulljacketed平面plan详图detail“”视图Xview"X”“”剖视A-Asection"A-A”连接图hookupdrawing接续图continueondrawing(COD)接续线matchline(M.L.)比例scale图例legend符号symbol管口表listofnozzles方位orientation管口方位nozzleorientation定位location相交intersection水平的horizontal垂直的，立式的vertical垂直，正交，垂直的perpendicular平行，平行的parallel水平安装horizontalinstallation垂直安装verticalinstallafion对称的symmetric相反(的)，对面(的)opposite顺时针方向clockwise逆时针方向counterclockwise计算机辅助设计computeraideddesign(CAD)5.7图面标注绝对标高abseluteelevation海平面标高over-seameanlevel(OSL)标高，立面elevation(EL)混凝土顶面topofconcrete架顶面topofsupport(TOS)钢结构顶面topofsteel梁项面topofbeam(TOB)支撑点pointofsuppon(POS)管顶topofpipe(TOP)管底bouomofpipe(BOP)沟底boaomoftrench管子内底invert(insidebottomofpipe)底平flatonbottom(FOB)顶平flatontop(FOT)工作点workingpoint(W.P.)面至面facetoface(F-F)中心至端面centertoend(C-E)中心至面centertoface(C-F)中心至中心，中至中centertocenter(C-C)坐标coordinate坐标原点originofcoordinate出口中心线centerlineofdischarge入口中心线centerlineofsuction中心线centerline(CL)入口inlet,suction出口outlet,discharge排出口exhaust距离distance5.8相关专业的专业词汇5.8.1工艺⑴图及表流程图flowdiagram工艺流程图processflowdiagram(PFD)管道及仪表流程图pipingandinstrumentflowdiagram(PID)公用工程流程图utilityflowdiagram(UFD)管线表linelist;lineschedule命名表；管道表nomenclature设备表equipmentlist(schedule)(2)流体fluid空气air仪表空气instrumentair工艺空气processair低压蒸汽lowpressuresteam中压蒸汽mediumpressuresteam高压蒸汽highpressuresteam伴热蒸汽tracingsteam饱和蒸汽saturatedsteam过热蒸汽superheatedsteam氧气oxygen氢气hydrogen氮气nitrogen燃料气fuelgas天然气naturalgas火炬气flaregas酸性气sourgas液化石油气liquefiredpetroleumgas(LPG)氨气ammoniagas冷却水cooling循环水circulatingwater锅炉给水boilerfeedwater热水hotwater蒸汽冷凝水steamcondensate盐水brine工艺水processwater化学污水chemicalsewage防腐剂corrosioninhibitor重油heavyoil石脑油naphtha燃料油fueloil润滑油lubricatingoil密封油sealingoil冷冻剂Urefrigerant载热体heatingmedium溶剂solvent溶液solution母液motherliquor单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer工艺液体processliquid工艺气体processgas硫酸sulphuricacid盐酸chlorhydricacid硝酸nitricacid烧碱causticsoda(3)流体特性fluidcharacteristics蒸汽压vaporpressure临界温度criticaltemperature临界点criticalpoint临界压力criticalpressure比热specificheat湿度humidity密度density比重specificgravity粘度viscosity闪点flashpoint融点meltingpoint凝固点freezingpoint浓度concentration爆炸极限limitofexplosion有毒的toxic可燃的；易燃的flammable⑷其它回收recovery再生regeneration循环cireulatlon再循环；再生recycle补充make-up制备preparation蒸汽吹扫steamingout吹扫purge抽空；排空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blowdown破真空vacuumbreaker大气腿barometricleg备用stand-by化学清洗chemicalcleaning净正吸入压头netpositivesuctionhead(NPSH)进料feed成品product污染contamination大气污染atmosphericpollution环境温度ambienttemperature5.8.2建筑、结构建筑物building钢结构steelstructure已有钢结构existingsteelstructure钢筋混凝土结构reinforcedconcreteconstruction楼面floor平台platform(PF)地面groundlevel栏杆handrail楼梯stair;stairway直梯ladder柱column;post;stanchion基础foundation;footing粱beam斜撑；支撑bracing桁架；主粱girder构件member隔墙partitionwall墙wall篦子板grate;grating吊装孑Lerectionopening吊梁hoistingbeam棚shelter窗window天窗skylight门door防火门firedoor地漏floordrain防火层fire-proofing总图generalplotplan路肩shoulder桩pile灌浆grouting风荷载windload雪荷载snowload动力荷载dynamicload静荷载deadload活荷载liveload风速windvelocity主导风向mostfrequentwinddirection5.8.3仪表盘（操作盘）panel就地盘localpanel仪表盘instrumentpanel常开normallyopen常闭normallyclosed电缆槽（架）cabletray（channel）;cablerack仪表电缆槽（架）instrumentcabletray（duct）压力计manometer;pressuregauge热电偶thermocouple温度计thermometer液位计levelgauge玻璃液位计gageglass温度计保护管thermowell流量计flowmeter孑1板orifice变送器transmitter联锁interlock仪器；设备apparatus仪器分析instrumentalanalysis自动分析automaticanalysis气体分析gasanalysis化学分析chemicalanalysis气相色谱仪gaschromatograph液相色谱仪liquidchromatograph质谱分析massspectrometricanalysis5.8.4电气危险区划分hazardousareaclassification危险区平面图hazardousareaplan电气盘electricalpanel配电盘switchboard电缆沟cabletrench电流current直流directcurrent交流alternatingcurrent频率frequency相位phase功率因数powerfactor电压voltage电阻resistance电容capacitance静电staticelectricity接地grounding;easthing照明lighting;illumination避雷针lightningpreventer电话telephone电线wire接线箱(盒)junctionbox导线管conduittube5.8.5设备固定鞍座fixedsaddle滑动鞍座slidingsaddle管口nozzle人孔manhole(MH)手孔handhole(HH)检查孑Linspectionhole吊柱davit切线tangentline焊接线weldingiine件号parthumbet椭圆形封头ellipsoidalhead力口强圈reinforcingring接地板earthlug吊耳liftinglug气缸cylinder轴shaft轴承bearing附件，附属设备accessory编位号设备itemizedequipment无位号设备non-itemizedequipment⑴流体原水rawwater硬水hardwater软水softwater饮用水potablewater循环冷却水给水coolingwatersupply循环冷却水回水coolingwaterreturn脱盐水demineralizedwater苦咸水（碱性水）brackishwater生活污水sanitarysewer工业废水industrialwastewater雨水rainwater污染雨水contaminatedrainwater消防水firewater（2）装置、设施软化装置softener沉淀器settler沉淀池clarifier脱盐装置demineralizer水处理watertraatment冷却塔coolingtower中和池neutralizationtank化粪池septictank渗滤井soak-awaypit井well阀井valvepit清扫口cleanout（3）消防消火栓hydrant水炮watermonitor洒水器sprinkler水喷淋watering灭火器fireextinguisher消防水泵firepump消防车firefightingtruck泡沫消防foamfire-fighting泡沫栓foamhydrant泡沫炮foammonitor消防软管接头firehoseconnection6管道支吊架PipeSupportsandHangers6.1管架零部件AttachmentofSupport管托shoe管卡clampU形夹（卡）clevis锻制U形夹forgedsteelclevis支耳；吊耳lug;ear耳轴trunnion止动挡块shearlug托座stool托架cradle带状卡strapclamp夹板，导向板cleat可调夹板adjustablecleat角板；连接板gusset筋；肋rib支承环ring加强板stiffiener底板baseplate顶板topplate翅片式导向板fin预埋件embeddedpart;insertedplate垫板（安装垫平用）shim锚固件；生根件clip预焊件（设备上）clip（onequipment）聚四氟乙烯滑动板PTFEslidingplate连接板tieplate连接杆tierod限制杆limitrod带环头拉杆eyerod连接杆connectingrod杠杆lever支撑杆strut定位块presetpieces间隔管（片、块）spacer滑动吊板（吊架顶部用）slidingtraveler（forhanger）滑轮组tackle-block钢索，电缆cable木块woodblock鞍座saddle裙座skirt软管卷盘（简）hosereel管部附着件pipeattachment6.2管支架型式TypeofPipeSupport支承架restingsupport滑动架slidingsupport固定架anchor导向架guide限制性支架；约束restraint限位架stop限位器stopper定值限位架limitstop二维限位架two-axisstop往复定值限位架double-actinglimitstop定向限位架directionalstop吊架hanger弹簧架springsupport弹簧托架restingtypespringsupport弹簧吊架springhanger恒力吊架constanthanger重锤式吊架counterweighthanger弹簧恒力吊架springconstanthanger弹簧恒力托架restingtypespringconstantsupport滚动支架rollingsupport弹簧支撑架springbracing减振器snubber液压减振器hydraulicsnubber减振装置dampingdevice缓冲简（器）dashpot刚性吊架rigidhanger6.3标准及通用型支架标准管架standardpipesupport通用管架typicalpipesupport悬臂架cantileversupport三角架triangularsupport’支腿legII形管架II-typesupportL形管架L-typesupport柱式管架poletypesupport墙架supportonwall可调支架adjustablesupport管墩，低管架sleeper特殊管架specialsupport管道支吊架图pipingsupportdrawing6.4管架安装背至背backtoback钻孔drill长孑Lslot;slothole放气孔；通气孔venthole灌浆；水泥砂浆填平grouting组装；装配assembly攻螺孑Ltapped;tapping自由滑动freetoslide跨度span对中心；找正alignment切割使适合cuttosuit修饰使适合trimtosuit伸出长度（指预埋螺栓）extrusion[table]7应力计算热应力分析thermalstressanalysis管道柔性分析pipingflexibilityanalysis荷载工况loadcase力force反力reaction力矩moment弯曲力矩bendingmoment扭矩torque夕卜载externallyappliedload荷载load冷态荷载coldload工作荷载workingload夕力externalforce内力internalforce力偶coupleofforce管系pipingsystem位移displacement附加位移appendantdisplacement;externallyimposeddisplacement角位移angularrotation冷拉coldspring自拉selfspring方向direction元件member节点node节点号nodenumber自由free固定点fixpoint;anchorpoint刚性的rigid柔性flexibility塑性plasticity热循环thermalcycle剧烈循环条件severecycliccondition应力stress弯曲应力bendingstress扭转应力torsionalstress轴向应力axialstress剪切应力shearstress拉应力tensionstress压应力compressionstress一次应力primarystress二次应力secondarystress位移(热胀)应力范围displacement(thermalexpansion)stressrange许用应力范围allowablestressrange位移应力displacementstress柔性应力flexibilitystress内压应力internalpres