初中英语中考复习 考点08 动词和动词短语-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）

考点八动词和动词短语命题趋势：动词是用来描述主语的动作行为或状态的一类词。动词在句中作谓语，用来说明主语是什么、处于什么状态或做什么。动词有不同的形式，这些形式体现了动作发生的时间、语态等信息。中考对动词的考查方式灵活、题型多样。在备战2020年中考时，考生要牢记近义动词及动词短语的不同含义，多做练习，在实践中加以区分。中考考查重点：1.动词辨析；2.动词短语辨析。考向一：动词的分类分类特点例句实义动词表示动作或状态，有完整的词义，能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。Givemesomeink,please.请给我一些墨水。Heworkshard.他工作努力。连系动词本身有词义，不能独立作谓语，必须和表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。Heisateacher.他是一位老师。助动词本身无词义，不能独立作谓语，只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。IamwatchingTV.我正在看电视。Idon’tspeakEnglish.我不说英语。情态动词本身有一定的意义，表示人的语气和情态，不可单独作谓语，须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。Tomcanswim.汤姆会游泳。MayIcomein?我可以进来吗？考向二：实义动词分类用法例句及物动词能直接跟宾语Sheboughtahookyesterday.她昨天买了一本书。【知识拓展】1.单宾语动词：即只可接一个宾语的动词，如：accept接受；discover发现；enjoy享受；forget忘记；borrow借入；buy买；catch抓；invent发明；found建造；like喜欢；find寻找；forget忘记；receive接受；see看见；say说；show展示；make做；tell告诉等。I’msorrythatIforgotyouraddress.对不起，我忘了你的地址。2.双宾语动词：即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词，如：give给；buy买；pay付款；hand递；read读；return返还；sell卖等。Iamgoingtoreturnhimthebookstomorrowafternoon.我明天下午要把书还给他。3.接复合宾语的动词：后接宾语和宾补的动词，如：believe相信；find发现；hear听见，听说；keep保持；make使得；see看见等。Theykepthimwaitingatthedoorfortwentyminutes.他们让他在门口等了20分钟。4.接动名词作宾语的动词：如advise建议；consider考虑；finish完成；imagine想象；practise练习；suggest建议等。Shepractisesplayingthepianoeveryday.她每天都练习弹钢琴。5.接不定式作宾语的动词：如agree同意；decide决定，下决心；hope希望；refuse拒绝；manage设法等。Billrefusedtotakeresponsibilityfortheaccident.比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。不及物动词不能直接跟宾语Heiswaitingforyouatthegate.他在门口等着你。【知识拓展】常见的不及物动词：ache疼痛；appear出现；arise出现，上升，起立；arrive到达；belong属于；care关心；come来；cough咳嗽；cry哭；die死亡；disappear消失；exist存在，生存；faint昏倒，变得微弱；fall落下；flow流动；go去；happen发生；laugh笑；lie躺；listen听；live生活，居住；look看；occur发生；rise上升，起立；sit坐；smile微笑；swim游泳考向三：连系动词分类常用词例句表示主语的状态、特征和身份等be(是)，look(看起来)，seem(似乎)，feel(感觉)，appear(出现)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)Heisagoodfather.他是一位好父亲。Shelooksyoungerthanbefore.她看起来比以前年轻。表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态，但侧重于转变后的结果turn(转变)，become(成为)，get(得到)，grow(增长)，go(去)，fall(跌落)，come(来)，prove(证明)Everyonewillgrowold.每个人都会变老。Afterafewyears,thethingsgotworseandworse.几年后，情况变得越来越糟糕。表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变keep(保持)，remain(仍旧)，stay(保持)，continue(继续)Theoldmanstayscalm.老人保持平静。Keepquietwhileyou’regoingaround.参观时要保持安静。【2020•无锡市】—Hmm,something________sogood.Isitacake?CanItrysome?—Hand-madecookies.Stillwarm.Hereyougo!A.feels B.looks C.smells D.tastes考向四：助动词be人称数现在时态过去时态现在分词过去分词第一人称单数amwasbeingbeen复数arewere第二人称单数arewere复数arewere第三人称单数iswas复数arewere【知识拓展】be的用法：be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。1.＂be+现在分词＂构成进行时态。Myboyfriendisreadinganewspaperinthesofa.我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。2.＂be+及物动词的过去分词＂构成被动语态。Thetruthwillbeknowntoeveryone.真相将会大白于天下。助动词do形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形dodonotdon’t第三人称单数doesdoesnotdoesn’t过去式diddidnotdidn’t【知识拓展】助动词do的用法：do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。1.用do构成否定句和疑问句。Idon’tlikethiskindofmusic.我不喜欢这种音乐。2.＂do+动词原形＂构成强调句。Idoneedyourhelp.我的确需要你的帮助。助动词have形式肯定式否定式缩略否定式原形havehavenothaven’t第三人称单数hashasnothasn’t过去式hadhadnothadn’t【知识拓展】助动词have的用法：have与过去分词构成各种完成时态。Wehaven’tseenforalongtime.我们很久没见面了考向五：动词的甚本形式形式规则变化例句一般现在时第三人称单数一般情况在动词后直接加-slook→looks；work→works以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词，后加-escatch→catches；go→goes以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-esstudy→studies；try→tries现在分词一般情况在动词后直接加-ingread→reading；go→going以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词，直接加-ingsee→seeing；toe→toeing以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-inglove→loving；write→writing以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-ingcut→cutting；put→putting少数以ie结尾的动词，先变ie为y再加-ingdie→dying；lie→lying过去式和过去分词一般情况在动词后直接加-edask→asked；help→helped以不发音字母e结尾的动词，只加-dlike→liked；live→lived以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-edcry→cried；study→studied以重读闭音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，先双写辅音字母，再加-edstop→stopped；plan→planned考向六：动词短语构成方式常见短语动词+冠词+名词giveaconcert开音乐会，giveatea进行测试，havearest休息，haveapicnic野餐，haveatry试一试，keeparecord保持纪录，leaveamessage留言，makeaface做鬼脸，makealiving谋生，makeaspeech进行演讲，payabill付账，takearisk冒险动词+名词catchfire着火，keepwatch守望/值班，makerepairs维修，playsports做运动，takeaction采取行，takemeasures采取措施，takeplace发生/举行动词+名词+介词catchholdof抓住，catchsightof看见，makecontributionsto对……做贡献，makeroomfor给……腾地方，makeuseof利用，payattentionto注意，take动词+介词+名词comeintouse开始使用，getintotrouble陷入麻烦，playwithfire玩火/冒险，waitinline排队等候动词+宾语+介词+名词bring...tomind使想起，ouse应用，opractice实行/实施，take...forexample以……为例动词+副词+介词addupto合计达，breakawayfrom脱离，comeupwith想出/提出，catchupwith赶上，追上，goaheadwith开始，着手，goinfor参加/追求，goalongwith一起去，holdonto坚持，keepawayfrom远离，lookdownupon瞧不起/轻视，putupwith忍受/容忍，runoutof用完【2020•河北省】Somevolunteersaregoingtothecentralpark.Let'sjointhem.A.putup B.cleanup C.lookup D.giveup1.【2020•辽宁丹东】—How'sitgoing,Tina?—Great.Mycompanyhas________meagoodjob.A.offered B.provided C.introduced D.discovered2.【2020•铁岭葫芦岛】Parentsalways________usnottoswimintheriverinsummer.A.promise B.train C.warn D.show3.【2020•江西省】Theperformer________becausetherewastoomuchnoisecomingfromthecrowd.A.continued B.relaxed C.stopped D.won4.【2020•东营市】5G,asanewglobalnetwork（全球网络）after3Gand4G,willcertainly________ourlifeinmanyways.A.copy B.break C.change D.control5.【2020•山东日照】It'sgoodforusto________agoodhabitofreading.A.develop B.choose C.accept D.pick6.【2020•昆明市】Ascommonpeople,themedicalworkerschoosetostandoutand________otherswithoutthinkingtwice.Theyarethemostbeautifulangels.A.protect B.protecting C.admire D.admiring7.【2020•天津市】Iwasbusythismorninganddidn’thavetimeto________myemail.A．waste B．punish C．believe D．check8.【2020•新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)】—Look,Cindy.Theflowersinourclassroomcomeoutinonenight.—That'sfantastic!Theyarebeautifulandcolorful.They________nice.A.smells B.smell C.sounds D.sound9.【2020•温州】JimisgoingtojointheArtClubbecausehelikes________.A.cooking B.drawing C.running D.reading10.【2020•南通市】Thechildrenarejumpingexcitedlybecausetheyhave_______thedesignperfectlyingroups.A.completed B.controlled C.contacted D.caused11.【2020•贵州铜仁市】—Fangfang,shallwegotoseeafilmonSaturday?—Sorry.I’llhaveto________myyoungerbrotherbecausemymotherisout.A.lookat B.lookfor C.lookup D.lookafter12.【2020•黑龙江省龙东地区】—Kate,don'tforgetto________thelightwhenyouleavetheroom.—OK,mom.A.cutoff B.putoff C.turnoff13.【2020•江苏省苏州市】—Tony,comeover.Whatdotheletters“KIT”meaninthetextmessage?—Don’tyouknowthat,Amy?They_______“keepintouch”.A.searchfor B.askfor C.gofor D.standfor14.【2020•山东滨州市】—Tom,itsmellssoterriblehere.—Sorry,mum.Iwill________mysocksandwashthemrightaway.A.putoff B.takeoff C.turnoff D.cutoff15.【2020•江苏泰州市】—SongofAutumnbyLiuYuxidescribesautumninadifferentway.—Iagree.Mostpoets(诗人)describethisseasonto________afeelingofsadness,butinLiu’seyesautumnisfulloflifeandhope.A.excuse B.express C.expect D.explain16.【2020•江苏泰州市】Moreandmoreteenagershavepooreyesight,soparentsandteachersshouldtakeactions________thesituationfromgettingworse.A.stop B.stopping C.stopped D.tostop17.【2020•徐州市】Ifsteelisheavierthanwater,whyareshipsableto________onthesea?A.float B.fly C.fall D.flow18.【2020•无锡市】—We’vediscussedthismanytimes.Nojeanstotheparty!—Verywellthen,ifyou________.Butwhere’smysuit?A.suggest B.imagine C.agree D.insist19.【2020•黑龙江牡丹江、鸡西地区】Theseproblemsaretoohardto________.Willyougivemesomeadvice?A.lookout B.workout C.handout20.【2020•江苏省淮安市】Mybrotheroften_________hissparetimetohelpmewithmyspokenEnglish.A.putsup B.givesup C.opensup D.tidiesup1.【2020•安徽省合肥市九年级模拟考试（二）】Theywillstarttheprojecttohelpkidsinpoorareasto________educationnextmonth.A.believe B.attend C.receive D.accept2.【2020•安徽省合肥市瑶海区九年级二模】—HowdoyouandJoe_________?—We’regreatfriends.A.comealong B.geton C.giveup D.setoff3.【2020•福建省龙岩市九年级学业（升学）质量检查英语试题】—Lucy，whichdressdoyouprefer？—Thepinkone.Itverysmoothandsoft.A.sounds B.smells C.feels4.【2020•江苏省南京市建邺区二模】Sinceyouhavefinishedyourpost,please___________thepaintsinthebox.A.putaway B.putup C.putin D.putoff5.【2020•天津市和平区二模】Theheadmaster________himwith