Unit 1 Grammar and usage 导学案-高中英语牛津译林版（2020）选修第二册

=page99SubjectB9U1BewareandtakecareHostCheckerTeachingobjectivesBytheendofthissection,studentswillbeableto:1.memorizethekeywords,phrasesandsentencesofthispartandapplythemflexibly;2.improvestudents’comprehensiveabilitiesTeachingimportantanddifficultpointsUsethewordsandphrasesincontexts.TeachingtypesNewlessonPeriodsPeriod2PreparationTimeNov.18PresentationTimeNov.21Teachingprocedures:Activity1：Fillintheblanksofthekeysentencesaccordingtothecontext.1.BelowisablogpostwrittenbyKevinaboutaself-medicatingexperiencethatputhimatrisk.（一次自己用药的经历让他处于危险中）medicate给......用药Additionally,theseparticularmedicationsweredamaginganalreadydamagedliver.self-medicate(v);self-medication(n)2.However,IwishIhadpaidcloserattentionto(密切关注)thisandtakengoodcareofmybody.Iwokeuponemorningwithabadbackache(严重的背疼)andIassumedthatitwasbecauseIhadpulledamuscleinmyback(背上肌肉拉伤)whenplayingbasketballthedaybefore.Ratherthandothesensiblething（没有去做一些明智的事情）ofgoingtoseeadoctor,IsearchedtheInternetforsuitablepainkillersandorderedsomeonline.

sensible（adv.）sensibly5.Foronething,Iwastoolazytodragmyselftothehospital（拖着自己去医院）soIendupmakingmyselfseriouslyill.(使我自己病得严重)6.Aftertakingthepainkillersforafewdays,Ibegantolosemyappetite（失去了我的胃口）andfeeltired.Notonlydidmybackpaingetworse,butIalsostartedhavingastomachache.Thenitturnedoutthatmybackpainhadnothingtodowithamusclestrain.（与肌肉劳损无关）9.Onthecontrary,itwascausedbyaseriousliverinfection.（肝脏感染)10.AsIlearntlaterfrommydoctor,Ihadtakentoomanypainkillers,whichwereirritatingtheliningofmystomach.(刺激胃内壁）irritatevt.刺激；使烦恼irritating

adj.Ifoundherextremelyirritating.我觉得她极其令人恼火。anirritatinghabit恼人的习惯anirritatingcough/rash令人痛苦的咳嗽/皮疹irritatingly

adv.irritation

naskinirritation皮肤发炎11.Intheend,Imadeafullrecovery（完全恢复）,butitwasacostly(cost)andpainfullearningexperience.12.Ilearntthehardway(经历挫折才懂得)thatwhenitcomestoourownhealth,weshouldseekprofessionalmedicaladvice(寻求专业建议）atthefirstsignoftrouble.13.Remember.ourbodyisourmostpricelesspossession.（我们无价的财产）14.weoftendoaquicksearchonlineandreachformedicinessuchascoughmixtureandheadachetabletswithoutasecondthought.（立即，马上）15.Assymptomsofdifferentillnessescanbeverysimilarintheinitialstages,（在初始阶段）anon-professionalmaymisdiagnoseanillness（误诊疾病）16.Moreover,youarelikelytotakeaninaccurate(accurate)doseofmedicine.17.Self-medicationcouldhavedisastrous(disaster)consequencesandmayalsoleadtodelays(delay)inseekingmedicaladvicewhenitismostneeded.18.Toavoidthetrapofself-medicating,itisabsolutely(absolute)essentialtogotohospitalandhaveyourselfexamined(examine)byadoctorwithprofessionalskillsandspecialistequipment.19Onceaprofessionaldiagnosishasbeenmade,youmaybeprescribedacourseoftreatment.(一旦做出专业诊断，您可能会被开一个疗程的处方)diagnosediagnosismisdiagnoseacourseof一系列的；一疗程的20.Thereareanydangerousinteractions(interact)withotherdrugsorwithcertainfoods.21.Althoughtheamountofinformationthatyouneedtokeeptrackof(记录)mightsoundexcessive(过分的；过度的),notfollowingacourseoftreatmentproperlymayresultintheillnesscomingbackevenmorestrongly,orleadtootherhealthconditionsexcessn过量过度过分exceedvt超过超越22.Iamsureweallknowthatpreventionisbetterthancure.（预防胜于治疗）IntegratedskillsPartAintotal总共2.QRcodefraud二维码欺诈3.fakeQRcodes假二维码4.stayalert保持警觉5.makeapayment支付6.confirmthepayment确定支付7.installandregistertheNationalAnti-fraudCenterapp安装和注册国家反诈中心应用软件PartB1.ItwasestimatedthatasofJanuary2021,therewere6billionactiveInternetusersglobally,representingalmost6%oftheworld'spopulation.2.TheInternethas,inarelatively(relative)shortspanoftime,completely(complete)revolutionizedhowwecommunicatewitheachother,exchangeinformationandconductbusiness.lifespan寿命3.Unfortunately,duetoitswidereachandrelativeprivacy(private),theInternethasbecomeveryattractivetocriminals.(crime)4.Phishing(网络钓鱼)isoneofthemostcommontypesofcybercrime.5.Whenclickingonlinkstodangerouswebsitesorsoftware,youmaybefooledinto(被骗)providingpersonalinformationsuchaspasswords,usernamesorfinancialdetails.6.Malware(恶意软件),anotherformofcybercrime,cancausedamageorgainillegalaccesstoacomputerornetwork.(获得非法途径进入网络)7.Cybercriminalstrickyouintopartingwithyourmoney,骗你交出钱infectingyourcomputerwithavirustostealyourpersonaldata,orblockingyoufromaccessingyourowndatauntilaransomispaid.8.Forexample,in2021,acomputermanufacturersufferedaransomware(勒索软件)attack.9.Cybercriminalstookadvantageof(利用）aweaknessinaserver,accessedthecompany'sfilesanddemandedalargesumofmoney.10.Fortunately,youcantakepreventivemeasurestoreduceyourchancesoffallingvictimtosuchcybercrimes(采取预防性的措施去减少成为网络受害者的可能性)11.Toavoidgettingtakenin(避免被骗),becautiousaboutadvertisementsofferingbargainsandrewardsthatseemtoogoodtobetrue.12.And,ofcourse,donotopenemailattachments(附件)orclickonlinksfromunknownsources,nomatterhowcuriousyoumightbe!13.Secondly,youcanturntotechnicaldefence（求助于技术防护）andturnonyourspamblocker（打开电子邮件垃圾阻挡器）topreventunwantedmessagesfromgettingtoyourinbox.14.Makesureyouhavereliableantivirussoftware（有可靠的反病毒软件）andalwayskeepitturnedon.15.Itisalsoagoodideatokeepyoursoftwareandoperatingsystemuptodatebydownloadingandinstallingthelatestsecuritypatches.（下载和安装最新的安全补丁）16.So,nexttimeyougoonline,neverdropyourguard

(放松警惕.)Nexttime,everytime,eachtime,themoment,theinstant,thefirsttime,thelasttime引导的时间状语从句Eachtime（每次）hecametoNanjing,Iwouldtreathimtoameal.Activity2:Dosomeexercise阅读理解AHeadingsoccerballsseemstotakegreaterinjuriesonwomenthanonmen,accordingtoanewstudywhichfocusedonthebrainsofsoccerplayers.Headknockscanreallyhurtthebrain.Femaleathletestendtosuffermorebraindamagethanmalesdoafterinjuries,thestudypointsout.Butuntilnow,noonehaddirectlycompareddamageinmenandwomenafterheadingballs.MichaelLipton,abrain-imagingexpertattheAlbertEinsteinCollegeofMedicineinNewYorkCity,ledtheresearch.Henoted,“It’simportanttofigureouthowmalesandfemalesmightbedifferentafterbraininjury.Hopefully,determininghowthesexesdifferafterbraindamagewillhelpchoosebettertreatmentsforeach.”Researcherschose98soccerplayersfromamateurteams.Theplayersestimatedhowoftentheyhadheadedaballinthepastyear.Theaverageheadersamongmenwere487whilewomen469.Theresearchersthenstudiedthebrainscansofeachplayerlookingforsignsofdamage.Theyusedaspecialtypeofscantohighlightchangesinthebrain’swhitematter.Whitematterismadeupoffibers(纤维),whichcarryelectricalsignalsfromnervecellsinonepartofthebraintothoseinanother.Sodamagetowhitematteraffectshowwellthebrainworks.Thescansturnedupmorewidespreadbraindamageinthefemaleplayers.Inwomen,eightregionsshowedpotentialdamagelinkedtofrequentheaders.Inmen,onlythreeregionsdid.Thebrainchangesstudiedhereweren’tbigenoughtocausebraindamage.Butrepeatedblowstothebraincancontributetomemoryloss,depressionandotherproblems.OnebiggerconcernisCTE,whichcanleadtoconfusion,troublerememberingthingsandemotionaloutbursts.Researchersdon’tknowwhywomen’sbrainsappearatgreaterrisk.Differencesintheirheadsandnecksmayplayarole.Somightgeneticsandhormones.1．Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson?A．Comparisonofbraindamagebetweensexes. B．Causesofbraininjuriesamongplayers.C．Functionsofwhitematterinourbrain. D．Effectofrepeatedblowsonathletes.2．WhydidMichaelLipton’steamcarryoutthestudy?A．Tofindoutthedifferencesbetweenmenandwomen. B．Tocontributetotreatmentsforbraininjury.C．Topreventsoccerplayersfromgettinghurt. D．Tomakeabreakthroughinsoccerskillstudy.3．Howwastheresearchcarriedout?A．Byinterviewingsoccerplayers. B．Bystudyingthebrainscans.C．Byusingacomputermodel. D．Byreferringtoformerstudies.4．Whatcanbelearnedfromthelastparagraph?A．Itishardtoidentifybraindamage. B．Thestudyprovestobeatotalfailure.C．Reasonsforbraindamageremainsunclear. D．Mentalproblemscausephysicaldifferences.BMostpeoplehavenoideawhattodowiththeirolddrugs.Unusedorexpired(到期的)medicineslyingaroundathomecangetintothewronghands,leadingtoaccidentalpoisoningordrugoverdose.Whendrugsareflushedorsenttolandfill,themedicinescanpolluteourgroundwater,rivers,andstreams,threateninghumanandsealife.Inanefforttofindasolutionfordrugskeptinmedicineboxesorwaterways,theU.S.DrugEnforcementAdministrationlauncheditsfirstNationalTake-BackDayinSeptember2010.Inthedrugtake-backprogram,thereturneddrugsaresenttomedicalwasteincinerators(焚烧炉).However,theprocessoftransportingandburningsuchwastecanreleasegreenhousegasemissionsthatcouldbepotentiallygreaterthanthosegeneratedifthedrugswerepouredintolandfills.“Buttake-backprogramsarepreferredastheyreducetheriskofdrugmisuseandtheincinerationeffectivelyeliminatestheentranceofthesemedicinesintoournation’swaters,”saysTimCarroll,aspokespersonfortheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.Perhapssurprisingly,notallunusedmedicinesneedtobethrownaway.Everyyearfivebilliondollars’worthofunexpiredmedicinesendupbeingdesertedintheU.S.“We’rewastingalotofmedicineswhicharealreadypaidfor,”saysAnandiLaw,apatientengagementspecialist.“MillionsofU.S.adultsskipordelaygettingtheirprescriptionsfilledduetohighcosts.Wecouldgivethemtosomebodyelsewhoneedsit.”Now,atleast40stateshavepassedlegislationestablishingdrugdonationprogramsthatallowdrugmanufacturers,medicalandlong-termcarefacilities,andsometimesindividualstodonatetheirunuseddrugs.Forexample,sinceitsstartin2007,Iowa’sprogram,SafeNetRx,hasservedmorethan117,000patientsandredistributednearly54-million-dollarworthofmedicinesandsupplies.Georgia’sprogramformallylaunchedin2018,andithasalreadyfilledprescriptionsworthover50milliondollars.“Alloftheseeffortsarestillrelativelynew,”Carrollsays.“Westillhavealongwaytogountilhouseholdschangetheirhabits.”5．Whatdisadvantageofthedrugtake-backprogramismentionedinparagraph2?A．Itcostslargeamountsofmoney.B．Itincreasesthegreenhouseeffect.C．Itcanproducepoisonouschemicals.D．Itwasteslotsofmoneytodealwitholddrugs.6．WhatisTimCarroll’sattitudetowardsthetake-backprogram?A．Cautious.B．Indifferent.C．Supportive.D．Disapproving.7．AccordingtoAnandiLaw,howcanunusedandunexpiredmedicinesbedealtwith?A．Sendingthemtolandfills.B．Sellingthematalowprice.C．Donatingthemtosomeoneinneed.D．Developingtechnologiestorecyclethem.8．Whatdothenumbersinparagraph5mainlyindicate?A．ThechallengingtaskofSafeNetRx.B．Theexpenseofrecyclingunuseddrugs.C．Thesignificanceofhealthcarefacilities.D．Theachievementsofdrugdonationprograms.二、七选五TheUnitedStateshasannouncedaplantofightthequicklygrowingthreatfromcyber（网络）spiesandInternetattackersknownashackers.America'sAttorneyGeneral(司法部长)EricHolderrecentlysaidthatever-improvingtechnologyismakingiteasierforpeopleandcountriestostrikeattheUnitedStates.Mr.HoldersaidtheJusticeDepartmentisfightingbackaggressively.Hesaiditisworkingwithvariousstatesandgovernmentagencies._9__.Andtheattorneygeneralcalledforincreasedco-operationwithprivatecompanies.___10__.Hesaid:“Asingletradesecretcanbeworthmillions—orevenbillions—ofdollars.Tradesecrettheftcanrequirecompaniestolayoffemployees,closefactories,tolosesalesandprofits,toexperienceadeclineincompetitivepositionandadvantage,oreventogooutofbusiness.”___11___,aimingtoprotectAmerica’sinterestsandbenefits.TheplanwasannouncedthedayaftertheAmericaninformationsecuritycompanyMandiantpublishedthefindingsofitsinvestigationofcyber-attacks.___12___.ThevictimsofcyberattackincludesomeofthebiggestprivatecompaniesintheUnitedStateslikeAppleComputer,Facebook,CocaColaandmanyothers.___13___.Theattackareasrangefromsatellites,informationtechnology,telecommunications,aerospace,publicadministrationtoscientificresearchacrosstheUnitedStates.A．ThenewplanalsocallsforfinesandtradeactionsagainstcrimescommittedbyindividualsandcountriesB．CybertheftalsoleadstomuchharmtocompaniesandcountriesinAsiaC．Theytogetherinvestigate(调查)cybertheftandcybercrimeandsharetheinformationD．Thehackersarealsoreportedtohavestruckfederal(联邦)andinternationalagenciesE．Theyshowthatmorethan140companieshavebeenattackedsince2006F．Similarinvestigationofcyber-attacksisbeingcarryingonbyothercountrieslikeChinaG．Hedescribedtheimportanceofkeepingtradesecretsasecret三、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Latelastnight38-year-oldDavidKleinwassenttoprisonforcybercrime.Overthecourseofafewmonths,Kleinhadcheateddozensof___14___（youth）outoftheirmoneyovertheInternet.Oneofthevictimswas15-year-oldToddJonesofWashington,DC．Inachatroom,Toddstartedtalkingtosomeone___15___（say）hewasa13-year-oldmiddleschoolstudentinTexasnamedJosh.Forseveralweeks,theychattedonlineabouttheirhobbiesandschools.“Heseemed___16___agreatguy,”saidTodd.ThenJoshstartedtellingToddabouthisfamily.Hesaidthathisfatherhadlosthisjobandhisgrandmotherwasveryillandtherewasnomoney___17__（pay）forthetreatmentandmedicinesheneeded.Hewasworriedthathewouldhavetogetapart-timejobtohelphisfamilypaybills.HewonderedifToddcouldhelp.“Ifeltreallysorryforhim,”explainedTodd.“___18__（want）tohelpmynewfriend,Iagreedtosendhimsomemoney.IreallythoughtIwasdoingagoodthing.”Josh