2023全球电动汽车展望（英文）-国际能源署

GlobalEV

Outlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

INTERNATIONALENERGY

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countries:

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Italy

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Argentina

Brazil

China

Egypt

India

Indonesia

Morocco

Singapore

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WebSite:

IEA.CCBY4.0.

GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Abstract

Abstract

TheGlobalEVOutlookisanannualpublicationthatidentifiesanddiscussesrecentdevelopmentsinelectricmobilityacrosstheglobe.ItisdevelopedwiththesupportofthemembersoftheElectricVehiclesInitiative(EVI).

Combininghistoricalanalysiswithprojectionsto2030,thereportexamineskeyareasofinterestsuchaselectricvehicleandcharginginfrastructuredeployment,batterydemand,electricityconsumption,oildisplacement,greenhousegasemissionsandrelatedpolicydevelopments.Thereportincludesanalysisoflessonslearnedfromleadingmarketstoinformpolicymakersandstakeholdersaboutpolicyframeworksandmarketsystemsforelectricvehicleadoption.

ThiseditionfeaturesanalysisofthefinancialperformanceofEV-relatedcompanies,venturecapitalinvestmentsinEV-relatedtechnologies,andtradeofelectricvehicles.Finally,thereportmakesavailabletwoonlinetools:theGlobalEVDataExplorerandGlobalEVPolicyExplorer,whichallowuserstointeractivelyexploreEVstatisticsandprojections,andpolicymeasuresworldwide.

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GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements,contributors

andcredits

TheGlobalEVOutlook2023waspreparedbytheEnergyTechnologyPolicy(ETP)DivisionoftheDirectorateofSustainability,TechnologyandOutlooks(STO)oftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA).TheprojectwasdesignedanddirectedbyTimurGül,HeadoftheEnergyTechnologyPolicyDivision.AraceliFernandezPales,HeadoftheTechnologyInnovationUnit,providedstrategicguidancethroughoutthedevelopmentoftheproject.ElizabethConnellyco-ordinatedtheanalysisandproductionofthereport.

TheprincipalIEAauthorswere(inalphabeticalorder):OskarasAlsauskas,ElizabethConnelly,AndrewDaou,AlexandreGouy,MathildeHuismans,HyejiKim,Jean-BaptisteLeMarois,ShaneMcDonagh,ApostolosPetropoulosandJacobTeter.TakashiNomura,AdityaRamjiandBiqingYangcontributedtotheresearchonEV-supportivepoliciesandOEMelectrificationplans.LaurenceCret,AmritaDasgupta,StavroulaEvangelopoulouandCarlGreenfieldprovidedtargetedsupporttotheproject.

KeisukeSadamori,IEA’sDirectorforEnergyMarketsandSecurity;LauraCozzi,IEA’sChiefEnergyModeller;TimGould,IEA’sChiefEnergyEconomist;andStéphanieBouckaert,HeadoftheDemandSectorsUnitprovidedvaluableinsightsandfeedback.ThedevelopmentofthisreportbenefitedfromcommentsfromIEAcolleagues:TanguyDeBienassis,JuliaGuyon,MegumiKotani,AlisonPridmore,ThomasSpencerandJacquesWarichet.Per-AndersWidellprovidedessentialsupportthroughouttheprocess.LizzieSayereditedthemanuscript.

ThanksalsotoCurtisBrainard,PoeliBojorquez,JonCuster,AstridDumond,MerveErdil,GraceGordon,OliverJoy,BarbaraMoure,JadMouawad,JethroMullen,IsabelleNonain-Semelin,JuliePuech,CharnerRamsey,ClaraVallois,GregoryViscusi,LucileWall,andWonjikYangoftheCommunicationsandDigitalOffice.

TheworkcouldnothavebeenachievedwithoutthefinancialsupportprovidedbytheEVImembergovernments,includingCanada,Chile,China,Finland,Germany,India,Japan,theNetherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Poland,Sweden,UnitedKingdomandtheUnitedStates.

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GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Acknowledgements

Thereportbenefitedfromthehighcalibredataandsupportprovidedbythefollowingcolleagues:ThaíssaAntunes(MinistryofMinesandEnergy,Brazil);DanielBarber(EnergyEfficiencyandConservationAuthority,NewZealand);LisaBjergbakke(CentreforSystemsAnalysis,Denmark);KlaasBurgdorf(SwedishEnergyAgency);IsabelDelOlmoFlórez(InstituteforDiversificationandSavingofEnergy,Spain);LaurentDemilie(FederalPublicServiceMobilityandTransport,

Belgium);AlbertDessi(DepartmentofClimateChange,Energy,the

EnvironmentandWater,Australia);FatimaHabib(OfficeforZeroEmissionVehicles,UnitedKingdom);NishiHidetakaandTaikiWatanabe(MinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry,Japan;KajaJankowska(MinistryofClimateandEnvironment,Poland);FedericoKaragulian(ENEA,Italy);SylèneLasfargues(MinistryofEcologicalTransition,France);SkyLiu(ChinaSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers);WalterMauritsch(AustrianEnergyAgency);GereonMeyer(VDI/VDEInnovation+TechnikGmbH,Germany),MatteoMuratori(NREL,UnitedStates);AndiNovianto(CoordinatingMinistryforEconomicAffairs,Indonesia);ElvisOctave(SeychellesPublicTransportCorporation);SameerPandit(BureauofEnergyEfficiency,India);HitenParmar(uYiloe-MobilityProgramme,SouthAfrica);VelvetRosembergFuentes(SecretariatofEnergy,Mexico);KitchanonRuangjirakit(KingMongkut'sUniversityofTechnologyThonburi,Thailand);DanielSchaller(SwissFederalOfficeofEnergy);DanielThorsell(NorwegianPublicRoadsAdministration;SaiSanthoshTota(VTT,Finland);LuzUbillaBorquez(MinistryofEnergy,Chile);KaterinaVardava(MinistryofEnvironmentandEnergy,Greece);AlexandreVideira(Mobi.E,Portugal);WilliamVisser(NetherlandsEnterpriseAgency,Netherlands).FrancoisCuenot(UNECE)providedtheboxontechnicalregulations.

Peerreviewersprovidedessentialfeedbacktoimprovethequalityofthereport.Theyinclude:KoichiroAikawa(Honda);TakafumiAnegawa(TEPCO);ThaíssaAntunes(MinistryofMinesandEnergy,Brazil);AngelCarlosAparicioandBahtiyarKurt(UNDP);HarmeetBawa(HitachiEnergy);MayaBenDror(WEFCircularCarInitiative);FilippoBerardiandEstebanBermudezForn(GEFSecretariat);GeorgBiekerandMarieRajonBernard(ICCT);TomokoBlech(CHAdeMO);KrzysztofBurda,PauIinaMuszynskaandMarcinNowak(PoIishChamberofE-Mobility,PIRE);CarolBurelle(HEVTCP);KlaasBurgdorf(SwedishEnergyAgency);FranciscoCabeza(Element);RyanCastilloux(AdamsIntelligence);YongChenandNicholasWagner(IRENA);MatteoCraglia(ITF);FrancoisCuenot(UNECE);IlkavonDalwigk(InnoEnergy-EuropeanBatteryAlliance);ThomasDeloison(WBCSD),LaurentDemilie(FederalPublicServiceMobilityandTransport,Belgium);AlbertDessi(DepartmentofClimateChange,Energy,theEnvironmentandWater,Australia);AlejandroFalknerFalgueras(EnelGrids);AaronFishbone(Charge-Up);HiroyukiFukui,MarieIshikawaandHidenoriMoriya(Toyota);YarivGabay(MinistryofFinance,Israel);SakiGerassis-Davite(DGMobilityandTransport,EuropeanCommission);XavierGuichet(IFPEN);

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GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Acknowledgements

NishiHidetakaandTaikiWatanabe(MinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry,Japan);NikolasHill(RicardoAEA);AntonioIliceto(TernaReteItalia);KajaJankowska(MinistryofClimateandEnvironment,Poland);DaisyJennings-Gray(Benchmarkmineralintelligence);HiroyukiKaneko(NissanMotorCo.,Ltd);FedericoKaragulianandFrancescoVellucci(ENEA,Italy);PaoloLielKarpel(EnelX);TarekKeskes(WorldBank);YossapongLaoonual(KingMongkut'sUniversityofTechnologyThonburi);SylèneLasfargues(MinistryofEcologicalTransition,France);FranciscoLaveron(Iberdrola);PimpaLimthongkul(EntecThailand);SkyLiu(ChinaSocietyofAutomotiveEngineers);AaronLoiselle(EnvironmentandClimateChangeCanada);MaurizioMaggiore(DGResearch&Innovation,EuropeanCommission);JohnMaples(EIA,DepartmentofEnergy,US);IndradipMitra(GIZ);MatteoMuratori(NREL);Khac-TiepNguyen(UNIDO);AndiNovianto(CoordinatingMinistryforEconomicAffairs,Indonesia);MarioDuranOrtiz(Independent);AlessioPastoreandDavidePuglielli(Enel);KarlPiskorek(BMW);PatrickPlötz(Fraunhofer);LucijaRakocevic(Th!nkE);SandraRolling(TheClimateGroup);SachaScheffer(MinistryofInfrastructureandWaterManagement,Netherlands);ErnoScheers(Shell);LorenzoSchirinzi(EnelXWay);Wulf-PeterSchmidt(Ford);SudhenduJyotiSinha(India);RobertSpicer(BP);ThierrySpiess(NaturalResourcesCanada);DetlefStolten(AFCTCP);JacopoTattini(JRC,EuropeanCommission);JoscelynTerrellandFatimaHabib(OfficeforZeroEmissionVehicles,UK);DanielThorsell(NorwegianPublicRoadAdministration);LyleTrytten(Independent);KatarinaVardava(MinistryofEnvironmentandEnergy,Greece);MichaelWang(ArgonneNationalLab)andCarolineWatson(C40).

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GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Tableofcontents

Tableofcontents

Executivesummary 8

ElectricVehiclesInitiative 13

TrendsanddevelopmentsinEVmarkets 14

Electriclight-dutyvehicles 14

Electricheavy-dutyvehicles 38

Charginginfrastructure 43

Batteries 55

Policydevelopmentsandcorporatestrategy 63

Overview 63

PolicytodevelopEVsupplychains 66

Policysupportforelectriclight-dutyvehicles 72

Policysupportforelectricheavy-dutyvehicles 81

PolicysupportforEVcharginginfrastructure 83

Amultiplyingnumberofinternationalinitiativesandpledges 86

Electrificationplansbyoriginalequipmentmanufacturers(OEMs) 89

Globalspendingonelectriccarscontinuestoincrease 93

Finance,venturecapitalandtrade 95

Prospectsforelectricvehicledeployment 107

Outlookforelectricmobility 107

Batterydemand 121

Charginginfrastructure 123

Impactonenergydemandandemissions 129

Generalannex 137

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Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Executive

summary

Executivesummary

Electriccarsalesbreaknewrecordswithmomentumexpectedtocontinuethrough2023

Electriccarmarketsareseeingexponentialgrowthassalesexceeded10millionin2022.Atotalof14%ofallnewcarssoldwereelectricin2022,upfromaround9%in2021andlessthan5%in2020.Threemarketsdominatedglobalsales.Chinawasthefrontrunneronceagain,accountingforaround60%ofglobalelectriccarsales.MorethanhalfoftheelectriccarsonroadsworldwidearenowinChinaandthecountryhasalreadyexceededits2025targetfornewenergyvehiclesales.InEurope,thesecondlargestmarket,electriccarsalesincreasedbyover15%in2022,meaningthatmorethanoneineveryfivecarssoldwaselectric.ElectriccarsalesintheUnitedStates–thethirdlargestmarket–increased55%in2022,reachingasalesshareof8%.

Electriccarsalesareexpectedtocontinuestronglythrough2023.Over2.3millionelectriccarsweresoldinthefirstquarter,about25%morethaninthesameperiodlastyear.Wecurrentlyexpecttosee14millioninsalesbytheendof2023,representinga35%year-on-yearincreasewithnewpurchasesacceleratinginthesecondhalfofthisyear.Asaresult,electriccarscouldaccountfor18%oftotalcarsalesacrossthefullcalendaryear.Nationalpoliciesandincentiveswillhelpbolstersales,whileareturntotheexceptionallyhighoilpricesseenlastyearcouldfurthermotivateprospectivebuyers.

Therearepromisingsignsforemergingelectricvehicle(EV)markets,albeitfromasmallbase.Electriccarsalesaregenerallylowoutsidethemajormarkets,but2022wasagrowthyearinIndia,ThailandandIndonesia.Collectively,salesofelectriccarsinthesecountriesmorethantripledcomparedto2021,reaching80000.ForThailand,theshareofelectriccarsintotalsalescameinatslightlyover3%in2022,whilebothIndiaandIndonesiaaveragedaround1.5%lastyear.InIndia,EVandcomponentmanufacturingisrampingup,supportedbythegovernment’sUSD3.2billionincentiveprogrammethathasattractedinvestmentstotallingUSD8.3billion.ThailandandIndonesiaarealsostrengtheningtheirpolicysupportschemes,potentiallyprovidingvaluableexperienceforotheremergingmarketeconomiesseekingtofosterEVadoption.

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IEA.CCBY4.0.

GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Executive

summary

LandmarkEVpoliciesaredrivingtheoutlookforEVs

closertoclimateambitions

Markettrendsandpolicyeffortsinmajorcarmarketsaresupportingabright

outlookforEVsales.UndertheIEAStatedPoliciesScenario(STEPS),theglobaloutlookfortheshareofelectriccarsalesbasedonexistingpoliciesandfirmobjectiveshasincreasedto35%in2030,upfromlessthan25%inthepreviousoutlook.Intheprojections,Chinaretainsitspositionasthelargestmarketforelectriccarswith40%oftotalsalesby2030intheSTEPS.TheUnitedStatesdoublesitsmarketshareto20%bytheendofthedecadeasrecentpolicyannouncementsdrivedemand,whileEuropemaintainsitscurrent25%share.

Projecteddemandforelectriccarsinmajorcarmarketswillhaveprofoundimplicationsonenergymarketsandclimategoalsinthecurrentpolicyenvironment.Basedonexistingpolicies,oildemandfromroadtransportisprojectedtopeakaround2025intheSTEPS,withtheamountofoildisplacedbyelectricvehiclesexceeding5millionbarrelsperdayin2030.IntheSTEPS,emissionsofaround700MtCO2-equivalentsareavoidedbytheuseofelectriccarsin2030.

TheEuropeanUnionandtheUnitedStateshavepassedlegislationtomatchtheirelectrificationambitions.TheEuropeanUnionadoptednewCO2standardsforcarsandvansthatarealignedwiththe2030goalssetoutintheFitfor55package.IntheUnitedStates,theInflationReductionAct(IRA),combinedwithadoptionofCalifornia’sAdvancedCleanCarsIIrulebyanumberofstates,coulddelivera50%marketshareforelectriccarsin2030,inlinewiththenationaltarget.TheimplementationoftherecentlyproposedemissionsstandardsfromtheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgencyissettofurtherincreasethisshare.

Batterymanufacturingcontinuestoexpand,encouragedbytheoutlookforEVs.AsofMarch2023,announcementsonbatterymanufacturingcapacitydeliveredby2030aremorethansufficienttomeetthedemandimpliedbygovernmentpledgesandwouldevenbeabletocoverthedemandforelectricvehiclesintheNetZeroEmissionsby2050Scenario.Itisthereforewellpossiblethathighersharesofsalesareachievableforelectriccarsthanthoseanticipatedonthebasisofcurrentgovernmentpolicyandnationaltargets.

Asspendingandcompetitionincrease,agrowingnumberofmoreaffordablemodelscometomarket

GlobalspendingonelectriccarsexceededUSD425billionin2022,up50%relativeto2021.Only10%ofthespendingcanbeattributedtogovernmentsupport,theremainderwasfromconsumers.InvestorshavealsomaintainedconfidenceinEVs,withthestocksofEV-relatedcompaniesconsistently

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GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Executive

summary

outperformingtraditionalcarmakerssince2019.Venturecapitalinvestmentsinstart-upfirmsdevelopingEVandbatterytechnologieshavealsoboomed,reachingnearlyUSD2.1billionin2022,up30%relativeto2021,withinvestmentsincreasinginbatteriesandcriticalminerals.

SUVsandlargecarsdominateavailableelectriccaroptionsin2022.Theyaccountfor60%ofavailableBEVoptionsinChinaandEuropeandanevengreatershareintheUnitedStates,similartothetrendtowardsSUVsseenininternalcombustionengine(ICE)carmarkets.In2022,ICESUVs

emitted

over1GtCO2,fargreaterthanthe80Mtnetemissionsreductionsfromtheelectricvehiclefleetthatyear.BatteryelectricSUVsoftenhavebatteriesthataretwo-tothree-timeslargerthansmallcars,requiringmorecriticalminerals.However,lastyearelectricSUVsresultedinthedisplacementofover150000barrelsofoilconsumptionperdayandavoidedtheassociatedtailpipeemissionsthatwouldhavebeengeneratedthroughburningthefuelincombustionengines.

Theelectriccarmarketisincreasinglycompetitive.Agrowingnumberofnewentrants,primarilyfromChinabutalsofromotheremergingmarkets,areofferingmoreaffordablemodels.Majorincumbentcarmakersareincreasingambitionaswell,especiallyinEurope,and2022-2023sawanotherseriesofimportantEVannouncements:fullyelectricfleets,cheapercars,greaterinvestment,andverticalintegrationwithbattery-makingandcriticalminerals.

Consumerscanchoosefromanincreasingnumberofoptionsforelectriccars.Thenumberofavailableelectriccarmodelsreached500in2022,morethandoubletheoptionsavailablein2018.However,outsideofChina,thereisaneedfororiginalequipmentmanufacturers(OEMs)toofferaffordable,competitivelypricedoptionsinordertoenablemassadoptionofEVs.Today’slevelofavailableelectriccarmodelsisstillsignificantlylowerthanthenumberofICEoptionsonthemarket,butthenumberofICEmodelsavailablehasbeensteadilydecreasingsinceitspeakinthemid-2010s.

Focusexpandstoelectrificationofmorevehicle

segmentsaselectriccarssurgeahead

Electrificationofroadtransportgoesbeyondcars.Twoorthree-wheelersarethemostelectrifiedmarketsegmenttoday;inemergingmarketsanddevelopingeconomies,theyoutnumbercars.OverhalfofIndia’sthree-wheelerregistrationsin2022wereelectric,demonstratingtheirgrowingpopularityduetogovernmentincentivesandlowerlifecyclecostscomparedwithconventionalmodels,especiallyinthecontextofhigherfuelprices.Inmanydevelopingeconomies,two/three-wheelersofferanaffordablewaytogetaccesstomobility,meaningtheirelectrificationisimportanttosupportsustainabledevelopment.

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GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Executive

summary

Thecommercialvehiclestockisalsoseeingincreasingelectrification.Electriclightcommercialvehicle(LCV)salesworldwideincreasedbymorethan90%in2022tomorethan310000vehicles,evenasoverallLCVsalesdeclinedbynearly15%.In2022,nearly66000electricbusesand60000medium-andheavy-dutytrucksweresoldworldwide,representingabout4.5%ofallbussalesand1.2%oftrucksales.Wheregovernmentshavecommittedtoreduceemissionsfrompublictransport,suchasindenseurbanareas,electricbussalesreachedevenhighershares;inFinland,forexample,electricbussalesaccountedforover65%in2022.

Ambitionwithrespecttoelectrifyingheavy-dutyvehiclesisgrowing.In2022,around220electricheavy-dutyvehiclemodelsenteredthemarket,bringingthetotaltoover800modelsofferedbywellover100OEMs.Atotalof27governmentshave

pledgedtoachieve100%ZEVbusandtrucksalesby2040

andboththeUnitedStatesandEuropeanUnionhavealsoproposedstrongeremissionsstandardsforheavy-dutyvehicles.

EVsupplychainsandbatteriesgaingreaterprominenceinpolicy-making

Theincreaseindemandforelectricvehiclesisdrivingdemandforbatteriesandrelatedcriticalminerals.Automotivelithium-ion(Li-ion)batterydemandincreasedbyabout65%to550GWhin2022,fromabout330GWhin2021,primarilyasaresultofgrowthinelectricpassengercarsales.In2022,about60%oflithium,30%ofcobaltand10%ofnickeldemandwasforEVbatteries.Onlyfiveyearsprior,theseshareswerearound15%,10%and2%,respectively.Reducingtheneedforcriticalmaterialswillbeimportantforsupplychainsustainability,resilienceandsecurity,especiallygivenrecentpricedevelopmentsforbatterymaterial.

Newalternativestoconventionallithium-ionareontherise.Theshareof

lithium-iron-phosphate(LFP)chemistriesreacheditshighestpointever,driven

primarilybyChina:around95%oftheLFPbatteriesforelectricLDVswentintovehiclesproducedinChina.Supplychainsfor(lithium-free)sodium-ionbatteriesarealsobeingestablished,withover100GWhofmanufacturingcapacityeithercurrentlyoperatingorannounced,almostallinChina.

TheEVsupplychainisexpanding,butmanufacturingremainshighlyconcentratedincertainregions,withChinabeingthemainpIayerinbatteryandEvcomponenttrade.In2022,35%ofexportedelectriccarscamefromChina,comparedwith25%in2021.EuropeisChina’slargesttradepartnerforbothelectriccarsandtheirbatteries.In2022,theshareofelectriccarsmanufacturedinChinaandsoldintheEuropeanmarketincreasedto16%,upfromabout11%in2021.

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GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

Executive

summary

EVsupplychainsareincreasinglyattheforefrontofEV-relatedpolicy-makingtobuildresiliencethroughdiversification.TheNetZeroIndustryAct,proposedbytheEuropeanUnioninMarch2023,aimsfornearly90%oftheEuropeanUnion’sannualbatterydemandtobemetbyEUbatterymanufacturers,withamanufacturingcapacityofatleast550GWhin2030.Similarly,IndiaaimstoboostdomesticmanufacturingofelectricvehiclesandbatteriesthroughProductionLinkedIncentive(PLI)schemes.IntheUnitedStates,theInflationReductionActemphasisesthestrengtheningofdomesticsupplychainsforEVs,EVbatteriesandbatteryminerals,laidoutinthecriteriatoqualifyforcleanvehicletaxcredits.Asaresult,betweenAugust2022andMarch2023,majorEVandbatterymakersannouncedcumulativepost-IRAinvestmentsofatleastUSD52billioninNorthAmericanEVsupplychains–ofwhich50%isforbatterymanufacturing,andabout20%eachforbatterycomponentsandEV

manufacturing.

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GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

ElectricVehiclesInitiative

ElectricVehiclesInitiative

TheElectricVehiclesInitiative(EVI)isamulti-governmentalpolicyforumestablishedin2010undertheCleanEnergyMinisterial(CEM).RecognisingtheopportunitiesofferedbyEVs,theEVIisdedicatedtoacceleratingtheadoptionofEVsworldwide.Todoso,itstrivestobetterunderstandthepolicychallengesrelatedtoelectricmobility,tohelpgovernmentsaddressthemandtoserveasaplatformforknowledge-sharingamonggovernmentpolicymakers.TheEVIalsofacilitatesexchangesbetweengovernmentpolicymakersandavarietyofotherpartnersontopicsimportantforthetransitiontoelectricmobility,suchascharginginfrastructureandgridintegrationaswellasEVbatterysupplychains.In2022,ZeroEmissionGovernmentFleetDeclarationwaslaunchedwithintheEVI,astrongcommitmentamonggovernmenttomovetowards100%zeroemissionvehiclesinpublicprocurement.

TheInternationalEnergyAgencyservesastheco-ordinatoroftheinitiative.GovernmentsthathavebeenactiveintheEVIinthe2022-23periodincludeCanada,Chile,People’sRepublicofChina(hereafter“China”),Finland,France,Germany,India,Japan,theNetherlands,NewZealand,Norway,Poland,Portugal,Sweden,UnitedKingdomandUnitedStates.Canada,ChinaandtheUnitedStatesaretheco-leadsoftheinitiative.

TheGlobalEVOutlookannualseriesistheflagshippublicationoftheEVI.Itisdedicatedtotrackingandmonitoringtheprogressofelectricmobilityworldwideandtoinformingpolicymakersonhowtobestaccelerateelectrificationoftheroadtransportsector.

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GlobalEVOutlook2023

Catchingupwithclimateambitions

TrendsanddevelopmentsinEVmarkets

TrendsanddevelopmentsinEV

markets

Electriclight-dutyvehicles

Electriccarsalescontinuetoincrease,ledbyChina

Electriccarsales

1

sawanotherrecordyearin2022,despitesupplychaindisruptions,macro-economicandgeopoliticaluncertainty,andhighcommodityandenergyprices.Thegrowthinelectriccarsalestookplaceinthecontextofgloballycontractingcarmarkets:totalcarsalesin2022dippedby3%relativeto2021.Electriccarsales–includingbatteryelectricvehicles(BEVs)andplug-inhybridelect