【高考专题】被动语态

被动语态语态是动词的一种形式，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语阖表示主语是动作的承受者。学习被动语态，除了要熟练掌握各种时态的被动语态构成外，还要注意哪些动词没有被动语态，避免将一些不及物动词，如happen,occur,belong,remain等，误当作及物动词而用在被动结构之中。另外，一些特殊现象，如主动形式表示被动意义与被动形式表示主动意义等，也是学习中应注意的问题。★主动语态变为被动语态时，通常采用如下步骤：主动语态f 被动语态宾语f主语（若为宾格须变为主格）;谓语动词fbe+过去分词（注意be有人称、数和时态的变化）;3.主语f （根据句意需要）by+主动语态句子的主语（若为主格须变为宾格）;3.其余部分 f 其余部分。e.g.主动语态：WespeakEnglisheveryday.主语调动宾语 状语（其余部分）被动…被动语态：Englishisspoken（byus）everyday.考点一被动赭态的构成被动语态由【be+过去分词】构成，成动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态常见的时态变化:时态被动语态的构成be动词人称、数和时态的形式变化主语谓语状语be动词过去分词一般现在时Theworkisdoneeveryday.am/is/aredone一般过去时wasyesterday.was/weredone现在进行时Theworkisbeingdoneatthemoment.am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时wasbeinglastweek.was/werebeingdone一般将来时Theworkwillbedonenextweek.will/shallbedone过去将来时wouldbebeforeyoucame.wouldbedone现在完成时Theworkhasbeendonesinceyouleft.has/havebeendone过去完成时hadbeenbeforeyourarrival.hadbeendone将来完成时Theworkwillhavebeendonebytheendofnextterm.will/shallhavebeendone1/6

主动语态变被动语态的5种1.跟双宾语动词的被动语态可接两个宾语(即sb.sth.)的动词如give,send,teach,show,tell,pay,offer,promise,make等变为被动语态时f①sb.bedonesth.②sth.bedone了tosb.(表动作"向谁做")tforsb.(表动作“为谁做”)Theyofferedhimaposition.—Hewasofferedapositionbythem.—Apositionwasofferedtohimbythem.Mymommademeapairofpants.—Iwasmadeapairofpantsbymymom.—Apairofpantswasmadeformebymymom.2.【5看3使2听1感觉】跟复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的被动语态5看：see,lookat,watch,notice,observe3使：let,make,have2听：hear,listento1感觉：feel,Isawherentertheroom.—Shewasseentoentertheroom(byme).特殊变化+sb.do变为被动语态时，作宾补的动词原形do前须加to,即:V+sb.do—sb.beV-edtodo3.动词短语的被动语态动词短语变为被动语态时，要注意动词短语的完整性，动词后面的介词或副词不可遗漏。★【动词+名词+介词】构成的动词短语变为被动语态时有两种变化形式。常见的此类短语有：takecareof,payattentionto,putanendto,makeuseof等。,Theysentforthedoctor.—Thedoctorwassentfor(bythem).★Peoplepaidnoattentiontome.—Iwaspaidnoattentionto.—Noattentionwaspaidtome.4.含情态动词的被动语态f情态动词+be+过去分词★一些不定式结构，如begoingto,haveto,beto,beaboutto,belikelyto,seemto在变为被动语态时也有类似变化。,Thecomputermightberepairedbytomorrow.★Theplanisgoingtobecarriedoutnextweek.Thesedifficultiesaresuretobeovercome.5.谓动为say,report,believe,think,know,consider等带有宾从的句子的被动语态f通常用it做形式主语，真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。►此结构有时可改为【主语+be+过去分词+不定式】的形式。,Peoplesaythathehasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.—Itissaidthathehasgotthefirstplaceintheexam.—Heissaidtohavegotthefirstplaceintheexam.,Peoplethinkheisasmartboy.—Itisthoughtthatheisasmartboy.—heisthoughttobeasmartboy.考点二被动语态的适用范围.强调或突出动作的承受者，将承受者作为谈话的中心时，e.g.Immediateactionshouldbetakentoprotecttheenvironment..不知道或无需说出动作的执行者时，e.g.--Haveyouheardaboutthatfireinthemarket?--Yes,fortunatelynoonewashurt.Manybuildingswillbebuiltinourcity.3.动作的执行者是无声民的事物时，e.g.Thewindowglasswasbrokenbyastone.考点三主动形式表示被动意义.谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义①|系动词+j构成系表结构时，系动词主动形式表被动意义。•be动词：am/is/are/was/were•感官系动词：look/sound/smell/taste/feel系动词《♦表“像”系动词：seem/appear・表“保持"系动词：keep/stay/remain•表"变化"系动词：become/go/get/turn/grow/fall（asleep）/come（true）•表“结果"系动词：prove/turnout（tobe）e.g.Theseflowerssmellsverynice.Thestorysoundstrue.Hisdreamhascometrue.Einstein,stheoryproved（tobe）correct.②一些由及物动词转化成的不及物动词，如sell,wash,burn,cook,clean,cut,read,write,open,lock,shut,keep保存）等，当他们与well,easily等副词连用，说明主语的某种属性特征时，常用主动形式表被动意义。e.g.Thispenwritessmoothly.Theknifecutswell.Mycoatwasheseasily.；Thebooksellswell.（书本身很好）、一Thebookissoldwell.（销售人员卖的好，与书本身好坏无关）TThedoorcan,tlock.（锁子坏了）IThedoorisn,tlocked.（有人没锁门）③表开始、结束的词（如begin,start,finish,end等），当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动形式表被动意义。e.g.Classbeginsateighteveryday.ThistermwillendonJuly2nd.2.谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义1）动名词的主表被need/want/requiredoing(=tobedone) 需要被做deservedoing(=tobedone) 应该/值得被做be(well)worthdoing 值得被做_beworthy、tobedonee.g.Thechildrenneed/want/requirelookingafter.1tobelookedafter.Thisreportiswellworthlisteningto.=Thisreportisworthyofbeinglistenedto./tobelistenedto.

2）不定式的主表被①betoblame（应受责备），betorent/let（出租）e.g.Heistoblamefortheaccident.Thehouseistorent.主语+系动词+adj.+todo

f 逻辑上的动宾关系 |★此时不定式主动形式表被动意义，不定式中的动词须为vt.主语+系动词+adj.+todo

f 逻辑上的动宾关系 |e.g.Thequestioniseasytoanswer.Goodmedicineisbittertotaste.Theproblemseemsdifficulttosettle.Thepictureispleasanttolookat.Thechairiscomfortabletositon.（使）（使）make 、「think（认为）find,+名词/代词+adj.+todo]feel 1逻辑上的动宾关系|、consider）★此时不定式主动形式表被动意义，不定式中的动词须为vt.；若为vi.,须在vi.后加适当介词。e.g.Ifoundhislecturedifficulttounderstand.Ithinkthemaneasytogetalongwith.逻辑I■的主谓关系sb.havesth.todo.★此时不定式主动形式表被动意义，不定式中的动词若为vi.,须在逻辑I■的主谓关系sb.havesth.todo.逻辑上的动宾关系e.g.试比较「Ihavealettertotype,soIcan,tgooutforawalk.Ihavenomoreletterstobetyped.Thanks.Shehasalotofhouseworktodoafterwork.I,llgoshopping.Doyouhaveanythingtobebought?考点4【get+过去分词】【get+过去分词】则多用于表示动作的结果或动作变化的逐渐性；而【be+过去分词】多用来表示一般的动作或情况。能够用于get后构成被语态的过去分词不多，常见的有arrested,broken,caught,cheated,confused,delayed,divorced,dressed,drowned,drunk,elected,engaged,hit,killed,lost,married,stuck等。这类结构的主要用法如下：IgotdressedasquicklyasIcould.我尽快穿好衣服。Igotcaughtinthedelugeonthewayhome.我在回家的路上遇到倾盆大雨。Igotdrunkforthefirsttimeinmylifelastnight.昨晚我有生以来第一次喝醉了。Shenearlygothitbyacar.她差点被汽车撞上了。Don,tplaywithknives.Youmightgethurt.不要玩刀子，说不定会伤着自己。Happilynonegotkilledinthataccident.幸亏那起车祸没有造成死亡。Igaveyouamapsoyouwouldn,tgetlost.我给你一张地图这样你就不会迷路了。Theywerewalkingoutforyearsbeforetheygotmarried.他们恋爱多年才结婚。【夯实基础巩固提升】把下列句子变为被动语态Theyarerepairingthebike.Wesawhimsittingtherewithoutdoinganything.Wemustpreventhimfromgoing.Sheheardhimsingasongjustnow.Peoplestilllookdownuponwomeninsomecountries.Mysistermademeadol.Theyhadfinishedtheworkwhenwegotthere.Dr.Smithwillgivealecturetomorrow.用所给动词的适当形式填空Sheshould(work)forherwork.Bythetimeyoucomeback,thelecture(finish).I(tell)thatthesportsmeetisputoff.Thepolicy(prove)effective.Thismuseumiswellworth(visit).Therockishard(break).Theshop(close)at6p.m.everyday.Officialsbelievethatmorethanonepersonmaybe(blame)forthefire.【滚动练习熟能生巧】CristianoRonaldowith2013FIFAGoldenGlobeAward(regard)tobethebestplayertodayinfootballbymanyyoungfans.28billiondollars(give)awaybythecharitableorganizationsetupbyBillGatesandhiswifesofar.Thewetweatherwillcontinuetomorrow,whenacoldfront(expect)toarrive.5/6Theroad(build)anditwillbefinishedbytheendofnextyear.Alotofpeopleoftenforgetthatoralexams(design)totestourco