英语四级阅读理解练习与答案16年6月

..1>takearaincheck改期2>lostcount弄不清楚3>beinanotherworld精神恍惚;魂不守舍4>makeyourselfathome随意,随便5>saveyourbreath省口气吧;别白费口舌了6>makesense有意义,理解7>costsb.anarmandaleg非常昂贵8>burnaholeinone'spocket很快地被花光9>fillone'sshoes很好地顶替;令人满意地替代10>isicecold表示理所当然11>likeapplesandoranges用来表示无法相比的事物12>loseone'strainof忘记13>meeteachotherhalfway相互妥协,让步14>onthedot准时;正点15>onceandforall最后一次;干脆16>outofearshot不在听力所及范围17>outofthisworld非常好18>playbyear随机应变,视情形而定19>ringabell令人想起某件事;听起来耳熟1．。。Ifthepopulationoftheearthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,therewilleventuallynotbeenoughresourceslefttosustainlifeontheplanet.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,ifpresenttrendscontinue,wewillhaveusedupalltheoilthatdrivesourcars,forexample.Evenifscientistsdevelopnewwaysoffeedingthehumanrace,thecrowdedconditionsonearthwillmakeitnecessaryforlustolookforopenspacesomewhereelse.Butnoneoftheotherplanetsinoursolarsystemarecapableofsupportinglifeatpresent.Onepossiblesolutiontotheproblem,however,hasrecentlybeensuggestedbyAmericanscientist,ProfessorCarlSagan.Saganbelievesthatbeforetheearth'sresourcesarecompleetelyexhausteditwillbepossibletochangetheatmophereofVenusandsocreateanewworldalmostaslargeasearthitself.ThedifficultisthatVenusismuchhotterthantheearthandthereisonlyatinyamountofwaterthere.Saganproposesthatalgaeorganismsthatcanliveinextremelyhotorcoldatmospheresandatthesametimeproduceoxygen,shouldbebredinconditionsimilartothoseonVenus.Assoonasthishasbeendone,thealgaewillbeplacedinsmallrockets.SpaceshipwillthenflytoVenusandfiretherocketsintotheatmosphere.Inafairlyshorttime,thealgewillbreakdownthecarbondioxideintooxygenandcarbon.Whenthealgaehavedonetheriwork,theatmospherewillbecomecooler,butbeformancansetfootonVenusitwillbeneccessaryfortheoxygentoproducerain.ThesurfaceoftheplanetwillstillbetoohotformantolandonitbuttherainwilleventuallyfallandinafewyearssomethinglikeearthwillbereproducedonVenus.1.Intelongrun,themostinsolubleproblemcausedbypopulationgrowthonearthwillprobablybethelackof______.a.foodb.oilc.spaced.resources2.CarlSaganbelievesthatVenusmightbecolonizedfromearthbecause_____a.itmightbepossibletochangeitsatmosphereb.itsatmosphereisthesameastheearth'sc.thereisagoodsupplyofwateronVenusd.thedaysonVenusarelongenough3.OnVenusthereisalotof________.a.waterb.carbondioxidec.carbonmonoxided.oxygen4.Algaeareplantsthatcan____.a.liveinveryhottemperaturesb.liveinverycoldtemperaturesc.manufactureoxygend.alloftheabove5.MancanlandonVenusonlywhen_______.a.thealgaehavedonetheirworkb.theatmospherebecomescoolerc.thereisoxygend.itrainsthere答案：cabdd2.。。PeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandfaceaseriousproblem.In1993,theownersofalargehotelandofseveralhousesdiscovered,totheirhorror,thattheirgardenshaddisappearedovernight.Theseahadeatenintothesoftlimestonecliffsonwhichtheyhadbeenbuilt.Whileexpertswerestudyingtheproblem,thehotelandseveralhousesdisappearedaltogether,slidingdownthecliffandintothesea.Erosion<侵蚀>ofthewhitecliffsalongthesouthcoastofEnglandhasalwaysbeenaproblembutithasbecomemoreseriousinrecentyears.Dozensofhomeshavehadtobeabandonedastheseahascreptfartherandfartherinland.Expertshavestudiedtheareasmostaffectedandhavedrawnupamapforlocalpeople,forecastingtheyearinwhichtheirhomeswillbeswallowedupbythehungrysea.AngryownershavecalledontheGovernmenttoerectseadefensestoprotecttheirhomes.Governmentsurveyorshavepointedoutthatinmostcases,thisisimpossible.Newseawallswouldcosthundredsofmillionsofpoundsandwouldmerelymakethewavesandcurrentsgofurtheralongthecoast,shiftingtheproblemfromoneareatoanother.Thedangerislikelytocontinue,theysay,untilthewavesreachaninlandareaofhardrockwhichwillnotbeeatenaslimestoneis.Meanwhile,ifyouwanttobuyacheaphousewithanuncertainfuture,applytoahouseagentinoneofthethreatenedareasonthesouthcoastofEngland.Youcangetahouseforaknockdownpricebutitmayturnouttobeaknockdownhome.1.WhatisthecauseoftheproblemthatpeoplelivingonpartsofthesouthcoastofEnglandface?A>Thedisappearanceofhotels,housesandgardens.B>Theexperts’lackofknowledge.C>Therisingofthesealevel.D>Thewashing-awayoflimestonecliffs.2.TheerosionofthewhitecliffsinthesouthofEngland________.A>willsoonbecomeaproblemforpeoplelivingincentralEnglandB>hasnowbecomeathreattothelocalresidentsC>isquicklychangingthemapofEnglandD>canbestoppedifpropermeasuresaretaken3.Theexperts’studyontheproblemoferosioncan________.A>leadtoitseventualsolutionB>provideaneffectivewaytoslowitdownC>helptopreventitfromworseningD>warnpeoplewhosehomesareindanger4.Itisnotfeasibletobuildseadefensestoprotectagainsterosionbecause________.A>itistoocostlyandwillendangerneighbouringareasB>thegovernmentistooslowintakingactionC>theywillbeeasilyknockeddownbywavesandcurrentsD>houseagentsalongthecoastdonotsupporttheidea5.Accordingtotheauthor,whenbuyingahousealongthesouthcoastofEngland,peopleshould________.A>beawareofthepotentialdangerinvolvedB>guardagainstbeingcheatedbythehouseagentC>takethequalityofthehouseintoconsiderationD>examinethehousecarefullybeforemakingadecision参考答案1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D3.。。Statusesaremarveloushumaninventionsthatenableustogetalongwithoneanotherandtodeterminewherewe"fit"insociety.Aswegoaboutoureverydaylives,wementallyattempttoplacepeopleintermsoftheirstatuses.Forexample,wemustjudgewhetherthepersoninthelibraryisareaderoralibrarian,whetherthetelephonecallerisafriendorasalesman,whethertheunfamiliarpersononourpropertyisathierorameterreader,andsoon.Thestatusesweassumeoftenvarywiththepeopleweencounter,andchangethroughoutlife.Mostofuscan,atveryhighspeed,assumethestatusesthatvarioussituationsrequire.Muchofsocialinteractionconsistsofidentifyingandselectingamongappropriatestatusesandallowingotherpeopletoassumetheirstatusesinrelationtous.Thismeansthatwefitouractionstothoseofotherpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation.Althoughsomeofusfindthetaskmoredifficultthanothers,mostofusperformitrathereffortlessly.Astatushasbeencomparedtoready-madeclothes.Withincertainlimits,thebuyercanchoosestyleandfabric.ButanAmericanisnotfreetochoosethecostume<服装>ofaChinesepeasantorthatofaHinduprince.Wemustchoosefromamongtheclothingpresentedbyoursociety.Furthermore,ourchoiceislimitedtoasizethatwillfit,aswellasbyourpocketbook<钱包>.Havingmadeachoicewithintheselimitswecanhavecertainalterationsmade,butapartfromminoradjustments,wetendtobelimitedtowhatthestoreshaveontheirracks.Statusestoocomereadymade,andtherangeofchoiceamongthemislimited.这是一篇说明文,讲的是人们的Status<身份、地位>这一问题。51.Inthefirstparagraph,thewritertellsusthatstatusescanhelpus_______.A>determinewhetherapersonisfitforacertainjobB>behaveappropriatelyinrelationtootherpeopleC>protectourselvesinunfamiliarsituationsD>makefriendswithotherpeople[答案及分析]：[B]事实辨认题。问在第一段作者告诉我们人的身份对我们有下列哪种帮助。第一段第一句说得很明白："身份有助于我们和别人相处,决定我们在社会中所处的地位、扮演的角色",[B]项意为"正确地与人交往",正是上述意思。52.Accordingtothewriter,peopleoftenassumedifferentstatuses______.A>inordertoidentifythemselveswithothersB>inordertobetteridentifyothersC>astheirmentalprocesseschangeD>asthesituationchanges[答案及分析]：[D]事实辨认题。问作者认为,在什么情况下人们经常具有不同的身份。[A]项意为"为了将自己预其他人区别开",[B]项为"为了更好地识别他人",[C]项为"当心理发生变化时",[D]项意为"随着环境的变化"。[A]、[B]、[C]三项都不合文章原意,并且根据第二段第一、二句话可知[D]项正确。53.Theword"appraisal"<Line5,Para.2>mostprobablymeans"_______".A>involvementB>appreciationC>assessmentD>presentation[答案及分析]：[C]词义理解题。问第二段第六行中的appraisal一词的意思是什么。根据该词所在的句子,可知该词含义和mentalprocess<思想过程>有关,并且可能与和其并列的词interpretation<解释,说明,理解>有一定相似之处。involvement意为"陷入,卷入;牵涉,包含",assessment意为"估计,评估;所估计之数额",appreciation表示"感谢,感激;欣赏,评价,赏识",presentation意为"赠送;提出;引见,介绍;出席,呈现;演出"。比较起来,[B]项符合上述两点,而且意思上说得通。appraisal的准确意思是"估计,估价,评价",在此句中"评价"讲。54.Inthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraph,thepronoun"it"refersto"______".A>fittingouractionstothoseofotherpeopleappropriatelyB>identificationofotherpeople'sstatusesC>selectingone'sownstatusesD>constantmentalprocess[答案及分析]：[A]事实辨认题。问第二段最后一句中"it"指代什么。根据句意及其结构可知：it指代thetask,即前一句"wefitoutactionstothoseofpeoplebasedonaconstantmentalprocessofappraisalandinterpretation",不难看出[A]项正确。4.。。Oneofthequalitiesthatmostpeopleadmireinothersisthewillingnesstoadmitone'smistakes.Itisextremelyhardsometimestosayasimplethinglike"Iwaswrongaboutthat,"anditisevenhardertosay,"Iwaswrong,andyouwererightaboutthat."Ihadanexperiencerecentlywithsomeoneadmittingtomethathehadmadeamistakefifteenyearsago.HetoldmehehadbeenthemanagerofacertaingrocerystoreintheneighbourhoodwhereIgrewup,andheaskedmeifIrememberedtheeggcartons.ThenherelatedanincidentandIbegantoremembervaguelytheincidenthewasdescribing.Iwasabouteightyearsoldatthetime,andIhadgomeintothestorewithmaymothertodotheweeklygroceryshopping.Onthatparticularday,Imusthavefoundmywaytothedairyfooddepartmentwheretheincidenttoodplace.Theremusthavebeenaspecialsaleoneggsthatdaybecausetherewasanimpressivedisplayofeggsindozenandhalf-dozencartons.Thecartonswerestackedthreeorfourfeethigh.Imusthavestoppedinfrontofadisplaytoadmirethestacks.Justthenawomancamebypushinghergrocerycartandknockedoffthestacksofcartons.Forsomereason,Idecideditwasuptometoputthedisplaybacktogether,soIwanttowork.Themanagerheardthemoiseandcamerushingovertoseewhathadhappened.Whenheappeared,Iwasonmykneesinspectingsomeofthecartonstoseeifanyoftheeggswerebroken,buttohimitlookedasthoughIwastheculprit.Heseverelyreprimandedmeandwantedmetopayforanybrokeneggs.Iprotestedmyinnocenceandtriedtoexplain,butitdidnogood.EventhoughIquicklyforgotallabouttheincident,apparentlythemanagerdidnot.1.Howoldwastheauthorwhenhewrotethisarticle?a.about8b.about18c.about23d.about152.Whowastoblameforknockingoffthestacksofcartons?a.Theauthorb.Themanagerc.Awomand.Theauthor'smother3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?a.Thewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartonswasseriouslycriticizedbythemanangerb.Theauthorwasseverelycritizizedbythemanager.c.Awomancarelesslyknockedoffthestacksofcartonsd.Itwastheauthorwhoputthedisplaybacktogether4.Whichofthefollowingcanserveasthebesttitleforthepassage?a.ItsHardertoAdmitOne'sMistakeb.Iwasoncetheculpritc.Irememberanincidentd.Acaseofmistakenidentity5.Thetoneofthearticleexpressestheauthor's_______.a.admirationforthemanager'swillingnesstoadmitmistakesb.angertothemanagerforhiswrongaccusationc.indignationagainstthewomanwhoknockedoffthestacksofcartonsd.regetforthemistakethemadeinthestore答案：ccada5.。。Waterproblemsinthefuturewillbecomenoreintenseandmorecomplex.Ourincreasingpopulationwilltremendouslyincreaseurbanwastes,primarilysewage.Ontheotherhand,increasingdemandsforwaterwilldeceasesubstantialytheamountofwateravailablefordilutingwastes.Rapidlyexpandingindustrieswhichinvolvemoreandmorecomplexchemicalprocesseswillproducelargevolumesofliquidwastes,andmanyofthesewillcontainchemicalswhicharenoxious.Tofeedourrapidlyexpandingpopulation,agriculturewillhavetobeintensified.Thiswillinvolveever-increasingquantitiesofagriculturalchemicals,Fromthis,itisapparentthatdrasticstepsmustbetakenimmediatelytodevelopcorrectivemeasuresforthepollutionproblem.Therearetwowaysbywhichthispollutionproblemcanbedwindled.Thefirstrelatestothetreatmentofwastestodecreasetheirpollutionhazard.Thisinvolvestheprocessingofsolidwastes"priorto"disposalandthetreatmentofliquidwastes,orefflunets,topermitthereuseofthewaterorminimizepollutionuponfinaldisposal.Asecondapproachistodevelopaneconomicuseforallorapartofthewastes.Farmmanureisspreadinfieldsasanutrientororganicsupplement.Effluentsfromsewagedisposalplantsareusedinsomeareasbothforirrigationandforthenutrientscontained.Efflunetsfromotherprocessingplantsmayalsobeusedasasupplementalsourceofwater.Manyindustries,suchasmeatandpoultryprocessingplants,arecurrentlyconvertingformerwasteproductsintomarketablebyproducts.Otherindustriesarepotentialeonomicusesforwasteproducts.1.Thepurposeofthispassageis______.a.toalertthereadertothedwindlingwatersupplyb.toexplainindustrialusesofwaterc.toacquaintthereaderwithwaterpollutionproblemsd.todemostratevariousmeasurestosolvethepollutionproblem2.WhichofthefollowingpointsisNOTINCLUDEDinthepassage?a.Industrialdevelopmentincudesthesimplificationofcomplexchemicalprocesses.b.Dilutingwastesneedscertainamountofwaterc.Demandsforwaterwillgoupalongwiththeexpandingpopulationd.Intensivecultivationoflandrequiresmoreandmorechemicals3.Thereadercanconcluedthat________.a.countriesoftheworldwillworktogetheronpolutionproblemsb.byproductsfromwastesleadtoamoreprosperousmarketplacec.scienceismakinggreatprogressonincreasingwatersuppliesd.someindustriesarenow,akingeconomicuseofwastes4.Theauthorgivessubstancetothepassagethroughtheuseof_______.erviewswithauthoritiesinthefieldofwatercontrolsb.opinionsandpersonalobservationsc.definitionswhichclarifyimportanttermsd.strongargumentsandpersuasions5.Thewords"priorto"<para.2>probablymean______.a.afterb.duringc.befored.beyond答案:cadbc6.。。。Manypeoplebelievetheglarefromsnowcausessnowblindnenss.Yet,darkglassesornot,theyfindthemselvessufferingfromheadachesandwateringeyes,andevensnowblindness,whenexposedtoseveralhoursof"snowlight".TheUnitedStatesArmyhasnowdeterminedthatglarefromsnowdoesnotcausesnowblindnessintroopsinasnow-coveredcountry.Rather,aman'seyesfrequentlyfindnothingtofoucsoninabroadexpanseofbarrensnow-coveredterrain.Sohisgazecontinuallyshiftsandjumpsbackandforthovertheentirelandscapeinsearchoftsomethingtolookat.Findingnothing,hourafterhour,theeyesneversotpsearchingandtheeyeballsbecomesoreandtheeyemusclesache.Natureoffsetsthisirritationbyproducingmoreandfluidwhichcoverstheeyeball.Thefluidcoverstheeyeballinincreasingquantityuntilvisionblurs,thenisobsured,andtheresultistotal,eventhoughtemporary,snowblindness.ExperimentsledtheArmytoasimplemethodofovercomingthisproblem.Scoutsaheadofamainbodyoftroopsaretrainedtoshakesnowfromevergreenbushes,creatingadottedlineastheycrosscompletelysnow-coveredlandscape,Eventhescoutsthemselvesthrowlightweight,darkcoloredobjectsaheadonwhichtheytoocanfocus.Themenfollowingcanthenseesomething.Theirgazeisarrested.Theireyesfocusonabushandhavingfoundsomethingtosee,stopscouringthesnow-blanketedlanscape.Byfocusingtheirattentionononeobjectatatime,themencancrossthesnowwithoutbecominghopelesslysnowblindorlost.Inthiswaytheproblemofcrossingasolidwhiteterrainisovercome.1.Topreventheadaches,wateringeyesandblindnesscausedbytheglarefromsnow,darkglassesare_____.a.indispensibleb.usefulc.ineffectived.available2.Whentheeyesaresoretearsareproducedto________.a.clearthevisionb.remedysnowblindnessc.easetheirritationd.loosenthemuscles3.Snowblindnessmaybeavoidedby_______.vidingtheeyeswithsomethingtofoucsond.coveringtheeyeballswithfluid4.Thescoutsshakesnowfromevergreenbushesinorderto_______.a.bivethemenbehindsomethingtoseeb.beautifythelandscapec.warmthemselvesinthecoldd.preventthemenbehindfromlosingtheirway5.Asuitabletitleforthispassagewouldbe_______.a.snowblindnessandhowtoovercomeitb.natrue'scureforsnowblindnessc.soldiersinthesnowd.snowvision答案：CCCAA7.。。。OnThursdayafternoonMrs.Carke,dressedforgoingout,tookherhandbagwithhermoneyandherkeyinit,pulledthedoorbehindhertolockitandwenttotheover60sClub.ShealwayswentthereonThursdays.Itwasaniceoutingforanoldwomanwholivedalone.Atsixo'clockshecanehome,letherselfinandatoncesmeltcigarettesmoke.Cigarettesmokeinherhouse?How?How?Hadsomeonegotin?Shecheckedthebackdoorandthewindows.Allwerelockedorfastened,asusual.Therewasnosignofforcedentry.Overacupofteashewonderedwhethersomeonemighthaveakeythatfittedherfrontdoor-"amasterkey"perhaps.SoshestayedathomethefollowingThursday.Nothinghappened.Wasanyonewatchinghermovements?OntheThursdayafterthatshewentoutatherusualtime,dressedasusual,butshedidn'tgototheclub.Insteadshetookashortcuthomeagain,lettingherselfinthroughhergardenandthebackdoor.Shesettleddowntowait.Itwasjustafterfouro'clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.Mrs.Clarkewasmakingacupofteaatthetime.Thebellrangagain,andthensheheardherletter-boxbeingpushedopen.Withthekettleofboilingwaterinherhand,shemovedquietlytowardsthefrontdoor.Alongpieceofwireappearedthroughtheletter-box,andthenahand.Thewireturnedandcaughtaroundtheknobonthedoor-lock.Mrs.Clarkeraisedthekettleandpouredthewateroverthehand.Therewasashoutoutside,andtheskinseemedtodropoffthefingerslikeaglove.Thewirefelltothefloor,thehandwaspulledback,andMrs.Clarkeheardthesoundofrunningfeet.1.Mrs.ClarkeloodedforwardtoThursdaybecause_______.a.sheworkedataclubonthedayb.shesaidvisitorsonThursdaysc.shevisitedaclubonThursdayd.aspecialvisitorcameonThursday2.Ifsomeonehadmadeaforcedentery,_______.a.Mrs.Clarkewouldhavefoundabrokendoororwindowb.heorshewasstillinthehousec.thingswouldhavebeenthownaboutd.heorshewouldhaveneededamasterkey3.OnthethirdThursdayMrs.Clarkewentout_______.a.becauseshedidn'twanttomisstheclubagainb.toseeifthethiefwashngingaboutoutsidec.totheclubbutthenchangedhermindd.inanattempttotrickthethief4.Thelockonthefrontdoorwasonewhich_______.a.neededapieceofwiretoopenitb.couldheopenedfrominsidewithoutakeyc.could'tbeopenedwithoutakeyd.usedaknobinsteadofakey5.Thewirefeeltothefloor_______.a.becauseMrs.Clarkerefusedtoopenthedoorb.whentheman'sglovedroppedoffc.becauseitwastoohottoholdd.becausethemanjustwantedtogetaway答案：cadbd8.。。。Treesshouldonlybeprunedwhenthereisagoodandclearreasonfordoingsoand,fortunately,thenumberofsuchreasonsissmall.Pruninginvolvesthecuttingawayofobergrownandunwantedbranches,andtheinexperiencedgardenercanbeencouragedbythethoughtthatmoredamageresultsfromdoingitunnecessarilythanfromleavingthetreetogrowinitsownway.First,pruningmaybedonetomakesurethattreeshaveadesiredshapeorsize.Theobjectmaybetogetatreeoftherightheight,andatthesametimetohelpthegrowthofsmallsidebrancheswhichwillthickenitsappearanceorgiveitaspecialshape.Secondly,pruningmaybedonetomakethetreehealthier.Youmaycutdiseaedordeadwood,orbranchesthatarerubbingagainsteachotherandthuscausewounds.Thehealthofatreemaybeencouragedbyremovingbranchesthatareblockingupthecentreandsopreventingthefreemovementofair.Oneresultofpruningisthatanopenwoundisleftonthetreeandthisprovidesaneasyentryfordisease,butitisawoundthatwillheal.Oftenthereisaracebetweenthehealingandthedeseaseastowhetherthetreewillliveordie,sothatthereisaperiodwhenthetreeisatrisk.Itshouldbetheaimofeverygardenertoreducewhichhasbeenprunedsmoothandclean,forhealingwillbesloweddownbyroughness.Youshouldallowthecutsurfacetodryforafewhursandthenpaintitwithoneofthesubstancesavailablefromgardenshopsproducedespeciallyforthispurpose.Pruningisusuallywithoutinterferencefromtheleavesandalsoitisveryunlikelythatthecutsyumakewillbleed.Ifthisdoeshappen,itis,ofcourse,impossibletopaintthemproperly.1.Pruningshouldbedoneto______.a.makethetreegrowtallerb.improvetheshapeofthetreec.getridofthesmallbranchesd.makethesmallbranchesthicker2.Treesbecomeunhealthyifthegardener______.a.allowstoomanybranchestogrowinthemiddleb.doesnotprotectthemfromwindc.forcesthemtogrowtooquicklyd.damagessomeofthesmallsidebranches3.Whyisaspecialsubstancepaintedonthetree?a.Tomakeawoundsmoothb.Topreventdiseaseenteringawoundc.Tocoveraroughsurfaced.Tohelpawoundtodry4.Agoodgardenerprunesatree______.a.atintervalsthroughouttheyearb.asquicklyaspossiblec.occasionallywhennecessaryd.regulareverywinter5.Whatwastheauthor'spurposewhenwritingthispassage?a.Togivepraticalinstructionforpruningatree.b.Togiveageneraldescriptionofpruningc.Toexplainhowtreesdevelopdiseasesd.Todiscussdifferentmethodsofpruning.答案：babca9.。。。Newdays,astandardformeasuringpowerhaschanged.Thesechangesforetellanewstandardformeasuringpower.Nolongerwillanation'spoliticalinfluencebebasedsolelyonthestrengthofitsmilitaryforces.Ofcourse,militaryeffectivenesswillremainaprimaryprimarymeasureofpower.Butpoliticalinfluenceisalsocloselytiedtoindustrialcompetitiveness.It'softensaidthatwithoutitsmilitarytheSovietUnionwouldreallybeathird-worldnation.Thenewstandardofopwerandinfluencethatisevolvingnowplacesmoreemphasisontheabilityofacountrytocompeteeffectivelyintheeconomicmarketsoftheworld.Americamustrecognizethisnewcourseofevents.Oursuccessinshapingworldeventsoverthepast40yearshasbeenthedirectresultofourabilitytoadapttechnologyandtotakeadvantageofthecapabilitiesofourpeopleforthepurposeofmaintainingpeace.Ourindustrialprowessovermostofthisperiodwasunchallenged.Itisironicthatitisjustthisprowessthathasenabledothercountriestoprosperandinturntothreatenourindustrialleadership.ThecompetitivenessofAmerica'sindustrialbaseisanissuebiggerthantheDepartmentofDefenseandisgoingtorequiretheeffortsofthemajorinstitutionalforcesinoursociety-government,industry,andeducation.ThatisnottosaythattheDefenseDepartmentwillnotbeastrongforceintheprocessbecausewewill.Butwesimplycannotbe,norshouldwebe,lookeduponbyothersasthesaviorofAmericanindustry.1.Nowanation'spoliticalinfluencedependson_________.a.thestrengthofitsmilitaryforcesb.itsabilitytocompeteinindustryc.economicmarketsd.bothaandb2.TheSovietUnionwasnotlistedasathird-worldnationjustbecauseof_________.a.itspowerfulmilitaryforcesb.itsvastlandc.itsindustrialcompetitivenessd.itscontributionstoworldpeace3.Theauthorindicatesthat______isthreateningAmericanpoliticalpower.a.othercountriesb.thedecliningU.S.industrialbasec.anewstandardformeasuringpowerd.lessadvancedtechnology4.Americasucceededinshapingworldeventsoverpast40yearsprobablybecauseof___________.a.itsabilitytoadapttechnologyb.itsabilitytotakeadvantageofthecapabilitiesofitspeoplec.itsabilitytocompeteintheworldmarketsd.bothaandb5.Thepurposeofwritingthisarticleis__________.a.todrawthereaders'attentiontoanewstandardformeasuringpowerb.todemonstrateAmericanpoliticalinfluenceintheworldc.toemphasizethateffortsmustbemadetostrengthenthedecliningU.S.industrialbased.toshowAmericanindustrialprowess答案：dabdc10.。。。TheUnitedStatesisonthevergeoflosingitsleadingplaceintheworld'stechnology.Sosaysmorethanonestudyinrecentyears.OneofthereasonsforthisdeclineistheparalleldeclineinthenumberofU.S.scientistsandengineers.Since1976,employmentofscientistsandengineersisup85percent.Thistrendisexpectedtocontinue.However,thetrendshowsthatthenumberof22-year-olds--theneartermsourceoffuturePH.D.s-isdeclining.Furtheraddingtotheproblemistheincreasedcompetitionforthesecandidatesfromotherfields-law,medicine,business,etc.WhilethenumberofU.S.PH.D.sinscienceandengineeringdeclines,theawardofPH.D.stoforeignnationalsisincreasingrapidly.OurinabilitytomotivatestudentstopursuescienceandengineeringcareersatthegraduateleveliscompoundedbecauseoftheintensedemandindustryhasforbrightBachelor'sandMaster'sdegreeholders.Toooften,promisingPH.D.candidates,confrontingthecostandfinancialsacrificeofpursuingtheireducation,findtheattractionofindustryirresistible.1.TheU.S.willcometoloseitsleadingplaceintechnologyprobablybecause________.a.thenumberofPH.D.degreeholdersisdecliningb.thenumberofscientistsandengineersisdecreasingc.