中英文合同翻译指导

中英文合同翻译指导英文合同翻译

2023年02月27日

星期二

12:05

引子:鉴于现在对外沟通事例渐渐增多,英文合同特殊是经济合同的翻译愈显重要,若译文不精确或不严谨,势必会引起不必要的经济纠纷.故今以一英文(经济)合同写作书籍为蓝本,录入一些有益文字,盼望大家共同提高英文(经济)合同的翻译和写作。

合同文件是合同双方签订并必需遵守的法律文件,因此合同中的语言应表达其权威性.英文合同用语的特点之一就表现在用词上,即选择那些法律用词,以及正式用词,使合同表达的意思精确无误,到达双方对合同中使用的词无可争议的程度。

一.hereby

英文释义:by

means

of,by

reason

of

this

中文译词:特此,因此,兹

用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。

语法：一般置于主语后,紧邻主语.

例1：

The

Employer

hereby

covenants

to

pay

the

Contractor

in

consideration

of

the

e*ecution

and

completion

of

the

Works

and

the

remedying

of

defects

therein

the

Contract

Price

or

such

other

sum

as

may

become

payable

under

the

provisions

of

the

Contract

at

the

time

and

in

the

manner

prescribed

by

the

Contract.

参考译文:

业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的酬劳。

解释:

(1)hereby:

by

reason

of

this

特此

(2)

covenant:

v.

make

a

formal

agreement

立约,、条约;

n.

legal

agreement具有法律约束的正式合同

(3)completion

of

the

Works:

工程的竣工

(4)therein:

in

the

Works在本工程中

(5)the

Contract

Price:

合同总价,指工程的总造价

(6)

such.as:

关系代词,相当于that,which

(7)under:

in

accordance

with

依据,根据

(8)the

provisions

of

the

Contract:

terms

and

conditions

of

the

Contract合同条款

例2：

We

hereby

certify

to

the

best

of

our

knowledge

that

the

foregoing

statement

is

true

and

correct

and

all

available

information

and

data

have

been

supplied

herein,and

that

we

agree

to

provide

do-cumentary

proof

upon

your

request.

解释：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）to

the

best

of

our

knowledge：as

far

as

we

know据我们所知

（3）foregoing

statement：above-mentioned

statement上述声明

（4）herein：in

this,in

the

statement在声明中

（5）documentary

proof：证明文件

参考译文：

特此证明，据我们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并供应了全部现有的资料和数据，我们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

例3：

This

Contract

is

hereby

made

and

concluded

by

and

between

Co.

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

A)

and

Co.

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

B)

on

(Date),in

(Place),China,on

the

principle

of

equality

and

mutual

benefit

and

through

amicable

consultation.

解释：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

A：以下称甲方

（3）on

the

principle

of

equality

and

mutual

benefit：在公平互利根底上

（4）through

amicable

consultation：通过友好协商

参考译文：

本合同双方，

公司（以下称甲方）与

公司（以下称乙方），在公平互利根底上，通过友好协商，于*年*月*日在中国

（地点），特签订本合同。

例4：

This

agreement

is

hereby

made

and

entered

into

on

(Date),by

and

between

Co.

China

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

A)

and

Co.

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

B).

解释：

（1）this

agreement

is

hereby

made

and

entered

into：特此订立本协议

在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign

(make,conclude

or

enter

into)

this

agreement,根据同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。

（2）hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

B：以下简称乙方

参考译文：

本协议特由中国

公司（以下简称甲方）与

公司（以下简称乙方）于*年*月*日订立。

十七

provided

that

释义:

但规定，规定；但是

用法:

常用于在合同的某一条款中需要作进一步规定时，或在作规定时语气上表示转折时。在中译英时，要留意该词组的使用。有时从中文上看，尽管没有“但规定”，“进一步规定”的词语，但英文写作时，应加上“provided

that”。参见例4，在中译英时，尽管中文中没有“但规定假如”，但依据上下文可看出在同一条款中包含了两个规定，后一句为对前一句的进一步规定，因此英文应加上“provided

that

if”。

例1

An

irrevocable

credit

shall

be

deemed

to

constitute

a

definite

undertaking

of

the

issuing

bank.

Provided

that

if

the

stipulated

documents

are

presented

and

are

complied

with

the

terms,conditions

and

provisions

of

the

credit,and

if

the

credit

provides

for

sight

payment,the

payment

shall

be

made

or

shall

be

guaranteed

to

be

made.

解释：

（1）an

irrevocable

credit：不行撤销信用证

（2）shall

be

deemed

to

constitute

a

definite

undertaking

of

the

issuing

bank：应被认为构成开证行确实定承诺

（3）provided

that

if

the

stipulated

documents

are

presented

and

are

complied

with

the

terms,conditions

and

provisions

of

the

credit：（但规定，）在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时

（4）the

credit

provides

for

sight

payment：即期付款信用证

（5）the

payment

shall

be

made

or

shall

be

guaranteed

to

be

made：则进展付款或保证该款的照付

参考译文：

不行撤销信用证，应被认为构成开证行确实定承诺。在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时，如系即期付款信用证，则进展付款或保证该款的照付。

例2

When

an

issuing

bank

authorizes

or

requests

another

bank

to

confirm

its

irrevocable

credit

and

the

latter

has

added

its

confirmation,such

confirmation

constitutes

a

definite

undertaking

of

such

bank

(the

confirming

bank),in

addition

to

that

of

the

issuing

bank.

Provided

that

if

the

stipulated

documents

are

presented

and

comply

with

the

terms,conditions

and

provisions

of

the

credit,and

if

the

credit

provides

for

sight

payment,the

payment

will

be

made

or

shall

be

guaranteed

to

be

made.

解释：

（1）issuing

bank：开证行

（2）the

latter

has

added

its

confirmation：后者已照加保兑

（3）the

confirming

bank：保兑行

（4）provided

that

if

the

stipulated

documents

are

presented

and

comply

with

the

terms,conditions

and

provisions

of

the

credit：（但规定，）在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时

参考译文：

当开证行授权或要求另一银行保兑其不行撤销信用证，而后者已照加保兑时，该保兑构成该银行（保兑行）在开证行承诺以外确实定承诺。在提交了规定的单据并符合了信用证条款时，如系即期付款信用证，则进展付款或保证该款的照付。

例3

A

wholly

state-owned

company

has

no

shareholders’

meetings.

The

company’s

board

of

directors

shall

be

authorized

by

the

state-authorized

investment

institution

or

the

state-authorized

department

to

e*ercise

part

of

the

powers

of

the

shareholders’

meetings,and

to

decide

on

the

major

issues

of

the

company.

Provided

that

if

the

decisions

on

merger,division,dissolution

of

the

company,increase

or

decrease

in

capital

and

issue

of

corporate

bonds

shall

be

made

and

decided,the

decisions

in

question

shall

be

made

by

the

state-authorized

investment

institution

or

the

state-authorized

department

解释：

（1）wholly

state-owned

company：国有独资公司

（2）has

no

shareholders’

meetings：不设股东会

（3）company’s

board

of

directors：公司董事会

（4）major

issues

of

the

company：公司的重大事项

（5）provided

that

if

the

decisions

on

merger,division,dissolution

of

the

company,increase

or

decrease

in

capital

and

issue

of

corporate

bonds：但关于公司的合并、分立、解散、增减资本和发行公司债券的打算

（6）the

state-authorized

investment

institution

or

the

state-authorized

department：国家授权投资的机构或者国家授权的部门

参考译文：

国有独资公司不设股东会，由国家授权投资的机构或者国家授权的部门，授权公司董事会行使股东会的局部职权，打算公司的重大事项，但公司的合并、分立、解散、增减资本和发行公司债券，必需由国家授权投资的机构或者国家授权的部门打算。

集资料，整理出来的打印版，源于—本英文写作书籍，供大家参考。

—.

hereby

英文释义:by

means

of,by

reason

of

this

中文译词:特此,因此,兹

用法:常用于法律文件、合同、协议书等正式文件的开头语；在条款中需要强调时也可用。

语法：—般置于主语后,紧邻主语.

例1：

The

Employer

hereby

covenants

to

pay

the

Contractor

in

consideration

of

the

e*ecution

and

completion

of

the

Works

and

the

remedying

of

defects

therein

the

Contract

Price

or

such

other

sum

as

may

become

payable

under

the

provisions

of

the

Contract

at

the

time

and

in

the

manner

prescribed

by

the

Contract.

参考译文:

业主特此立约保证在合同规定的期限内,按合同规定的方式向承包人支付合同价,或合同规定的其它应支付的款项,以作为本工程施工、竣工及修补工程中缺陷的酬劳。

解释:

(1)hereby:

by

reason

of

this

特此

(2)covenant:

v.

make

a

formal

agreement

立约,签订合同、条约;

n.

legal

agreement具有法律约束的正式合同

(3)completion

of

the

Works:

工程的竣工

(4)therein:

in

the

Works在本工程中

(5)the

Contract

Price:

合同总价,指工程的总造价

(6)such.as:

关系代词,相当于that,which

(7)under:

in

accordance

with

依据,根据

(8)the

provisions

of

the

Contract:

terms

and

conditions

of

the

Contract合同条款

例2：

We

hereby

certify

to

the

best

of

our

knowledge

that

the

foregoing

statement

is

true

and

correct

and

all

available

information

and

data

have

been

supplied

herein,and

that

we

agree

to

provide

documentary

proof

upon

your

request.

解释：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）to

the

best

of

our

knowledge：as

far

as

we

know据咱们所知

（3）foregoing

statement：above-mentioned

statement上述声明

（4）herein：in

this,in

the

statement在声明中

（5）documentary

proof：证明文件

参考译文：

特此证明，据咱们所知，上述声明内容真实，正确无误，并供应了全部现有的资料与数据，咱们同意，应贵方要求出具证明文件。

例3：

This

Contract

is

hereby

made

and

concluded

by

and

between

Co.

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

A)

and

Co.

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

B)

on

(Date),in

(Place),China,on

the

principle

of

equality

and

mutual

benefit

and

through

amicable

consultation.

解释：

（1）hereby：特此

（2）hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

A：以下称甲方

（3）on

the

principle

of

equality

and

mutual

benefit：在公平互利根底上

（4）through

amicable

consultation：通过友好协商

参考译文：

本合同双方，

公司（以下称甲方）与

公司（以下称乙方），在公平互利根底上，通过友好协商，于

年

月

曰在中国

（地点），特签订本合同。

例4：

This

agreement

is

hereby

made

and

entered

into

on

(Date),by

and

between

Co.

China

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

A)

and

Co.

(hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

B).

解释：

（1）this

agreement

is

hereby

made

and

entered

into：特此订立本协议

在法律文件中表示“订立本协议”可用以下4个动词：sign

(make,conclude

or

enter

into)

this

agreement,根据同义词连用的写作特点，可用上述4个动词中的两个来表示）。

（2）hereinafter

referred

to

as

Party

B：以下简称乙方

参考译文：

本协议特由中国

公司（以下简称甲方）与

公司（以下简称乙方）于

年

月

曰订立。

二

hereof

英文释义:

of

this

中文译词:关于此点；在本文件中

用法:在表示上文已提及的“本合同的、本文件的……”时，使用该词。例如表示本合同条件、条款时，可以讲“the

terms,conditions

and

provisions

hereof”，这里hereof表示“of

this

Contract”；又如表示本工程的任何局部，可用“any

parts

hereof”，这里hereof表示“of

this

Works”。

语法：—般置于要修饰的名词的后面，与之紧邻。

hereof与thereof的区分：hereof强调“of

this”。例如，上面的“the

terms,conditions

and

provisions

thereof”中的thereof表示of

the

Contract；“any

parts

thereof”中的thereof表示of

the

Works。

例1

Whether

the

custom

of

the

Port

is

contrary

to

this

Clause

or

not,the

owner

of

the

goods

shall,without

interruption,by

day

and

night,including

Sundays

and

holidays

(if

required

by

the

carrier),supply

and

take

delivery

of

the

goods.

Provided

that

the

owner

of

the

goods

shall

be

liable

for

all

losses

or

damages

including

demurrage

incurred

in

default

on

the

provisions

hereof.

解释：

（1）

Whether

the

custom

of

the

Port

is

contrary

to

this

Clause

or

not：不管港口习惯是`否与本款规定相反，whether…

or

not：不管……是`否

（2）

the

owner

of

the

goods：货方

（3）

without

interruption：无连续地

（4）

carrier：承运人

（5）

in

default

on

the

provisions

hereof：违反本款规定

hereof：of

this

Clause

参考译文：

不管港口习惯是`否与本款规定相反，货方都应昼夜地，包括星期曰与假曰（如承运人需要），无连续地供应与提取货物。货方对违反本款规定所引起的全部损失或损

坏，包括滞期应负担赔偿责任。

例2

Foreign

trade

dealers

as

mentioned

in

this

Law

shall,in

accordance

with

the

provisions

hereof,cover

such

legal

entities

and

other

organization

as

are

engaged

in

foreign

trade

dealings.

解释：

（1）

foreign

trade

dealers：对外贸易经营者

（2）

as

mentioned

in

this

Law：本法所称

（3）

the

provisions

hereof：the

provisions

of

this

Law

本法规定

（4）

legal

entity：法人

（5）

be

engaged

in

foreign

trade

dealings：从事对外贸易经营活动

参考译文：

本法所称对外贸易经营者，是`指依照本法规定从事对外贸易经营活动的法人与其他组织。

例3

The

establishment

of

a

limited

liability

company

or

a

company

limited

by

shares

shall

comply

with

the

conditions

and

provisions

of

this

Law.

A

company

complying

with

the

conditions

and

provisions

hereof

may

be

registered

as

a

limited

liability

company

or

a

company

limited

by

shares.

Provided

that

if

a

company

fails

to

comply

with

the

conditions

and

provisions

hereof,the

company

in

question

shall

not

be

registered

as

a

limited

liability

company

or

a

company

limited

by

shares.

解释：

（1）a

limited

liability

company：有限责任公司

（2）a

company

limited

by

shares：股份有限公司

（3）provisions

hereof：本法规定

hereof:

of

this

Law

（4）may

be

registered

as：登记为

参考译文：

设立有限责任公司、股份有限公司，必需符合本法规定的条件。符合本法规定的条件的，登记为有限责任公司或者股份有限公司；不符合本法规定的条件的，不得登记为有限责任公司或股份有限公司。

例4

If,as

a

result

of

withdrawal

or

any

other

reasons,an

arbitrator

fails

to

perform

his

duties

as

an

arbitrator,another

arbitrator

shall,in

accordance

with

the

provisions

hereof,be

selected

or

appointed.

解释：

篇3：选购合同中英文对比模板

Purchase

Agreement

选购合同

Buyer:

买方：

Seller

:

卖方：

Agreement

Signed

Date:

签约日期：

Purchase

Agreement

选购合同

This

Deed

of

Agreement

is

made

and

e*ecuted

on

英文日期

此协议由以下双方于2023年

月

日签订

买方名,hereinafter

called

the

“Buyer”

买方名，以下简称买方。

AND

卖方名(the“seller”).

卖方名以下简称卖方。

Now

both

of

the

above

mentioned

parties

are

signing

this

Deed

of

Agreement

considering

the

below

mentioned

points,terms

and

conditions.

双方依据以下条款、条件签订此协议：

1.供货明细

Supply

Description

1.1

实际的供货明细表

1.2

During

the

duration

of

the

agreement,the

unit

price

is

fi*ed;

if

the

seller

raises

unit

price,buyer

has

the

right

to

terminate

the

agreement.

合同有效期内，单价保持不变。若合同执行期间，卖方上调价格，买方有权终止协议。

2.

Quantity

数量

The

quantity

mentioned

above

just

for

reference,the

quantity

shall

be

determined

by

the

actual

quantity.

订单数量是参考数量，以双方实际验收数量为准。

3.Check

and

acceptance

验收

Buyer

will

do

check

and

acceptance

work

after

Buyer

receiving

the

goods

(must

be

same

quality

as

the

sample

provided

by

Seller),If

any

quality

issues,the

Seller

must

withdraw

the

unqualified

goods

by

their

own

cost,and

compensate

related

cost

to

Buyer.

Buyer

will

not

bear

any

responsibility

or

cost.

买方收到货物应先进展检测（符合供货商供应的样品），合格前方可使用，如发觉质量问题，卖方应将不合格的产品运回，并担当由此给买方造成的任何损失，买方不担当任何责任和费用。

4.Liability

for

Breach

of

Agreement

违约责任

4.1

The

Parties

hereto

shall

endeavor

to

settle

all

disputes

and

differences

relating

to

and/or

arising

out

of

the

Agreement

amicably.

双方应和平解决该合同下产生的全部争议和分歧。

4.2

In

the

event

of

the

Parties

failing

to

resolve

any

dispute

amicably

the

same

shall

be

submitted

to

international

Court

of

Arbitration

of

ICC

for

Arbitration

in

accordance

with

the

Rules

of

Conciliation

and

Arbitration

of

International

Chamber

of

Commerce.

假如双方未友好解决争议，该争议应依据国际商会调停和仲裁规定，诉诸国际商会仲裁法院仲裁。

4.3

The

place

of

arbitration

shall

be

in

China

and

language

of

the

arbitration

shall

be

Chinese

and

English

and

Chinese

shall

be

prevailing.

仲裁地位于中国，所用语言为中、英语，以中文为准。

5.Force

Majeure

不行抗力

5.1

Neither

party

shall

be

considered

in

default

in

the

performance

of

its

obligations

hereunder

to

the

extent

that

the

performance

of

such

obligation

is

delayed

or

prevented

by

Force

Majeure.

因以下不行抗力影响或延误双方履行其职责时，都不能认为是任何一方的违约行为。

5.2

For

the

purpose

of

this

provision

“Force

Majeure”

means

the

effective

occurrence

of

any

act

or

event

which

is

unforeseeable,Insurmountable

and

outside

of

the

affected

Party’s

control

and

which

renders

the

said

Party

unable

to

comply

totally

or

partially

with

its

obligations

under

this

Agreement,provided

that

the

foregoing

criteria

shall

be

met

altogether.

Force

Majeure

shall

include

acts

of

God

(such

as

epidemic,tidal

wave,lightening,earthquake,hurricane),hostilities,or

acts

of

war

(whether

declared

or

not),riots

(other

than

among

employees

of

Seller

or

Buyer）,civil

or

military

disturbances,national,regional

or

professional

strikes

(e*cluding

strikes,lock-outs

and

other

industrial

disputes

or

actions

by,between

or

originated

among

employees

of

Buyer

or

Seller

).

Force

Majeure

also

includes

Road

congestion,political

unrest

and

Govt.

Holidays.

Force

Majeure

shall

not

include

events

such

as

insolvency

of

any

Party.

此条款中所述“不行抗力”意指任何不行预见、无法克制并且超出相关方掌握的行动或大事，导致上述相关方无法根据所要求的标准履行此协议下的局部或全部职责。不行抗力应包括天灾（比方瘟疫、潮流、闪电、地震、飓风）、敌对行为、或战斗（不管是否宣战）、暴乱（买方或卖方雇员发生暴乱除外）、内政或军事动乱、国家、地区或职业罢工（买方或卖方雇员发起的罢工、停工及其相互之间产生的工业纠纷或发起的行动除外）。不行抗力还包括交通拥挤、政局动乱和法定假期；但不包括像任何一方的破产大事。

5.3

Either

party

shall

have

the

right,by

giving

notice

to

the

other,to

suspend

performance

of

its

obligations

in

whole

or

in

part

forthwith

upon,and

to

the

extent

necessitated

by,the

occurrence

of

Force

Majeure

and

the

time

for

completion

of

the

Services

shall

be

extended

commensurate

with

any

such

delay.

依据不行抗力的程度，任何一方都有权准时通知另一方，推迟其全部或局部上述义务；同时相应延长义务履行时间。

5.4

The

Party

claiming

Force

Majeure

shall

give

the

other

Party

notice

thereof

as

soon

as

practicable.

Such

notice

shall

include

a

description

and

authentication

of

the

event

or

circumstances

of

Force

Majeure,the

portion

(where

applicable)

of

the

Agreement

affected

and

an

estimate

of

anticipated

delay.

提出不行抗力的一方应准时通知另一方。此通知应包括大事描述及其鉴定或其发生环境，协议受影响局部和估量的预期推迟时间。

5.5

Upon

the

occurrence

of

any

circumstances

of

Force

Majeure,the

Seller

shall

endeavor

to

continue

to

perform

his

obligations

under

the

Agreement

so

far

as

reasonably

practicable.

The

Seller

shall

notify

Buyer

of

the

steps

they

propose

to

take

including

any

reasonable

alternative

means

for

performance

which

is

not

prevented

by

Force

Majeure.

The

Seller

shall

not

take

any

such

steps

unless

directed

so

to

do

by

Buyer

and

an

adjustment

to

the

Time

Schedule

shall

be

made

accordingly.

一旦发生上述任何一种不行抗力，只要状况许可，卖方都应尽可能持续履行该协议义务。卖方应通知买方其规划实行的措施，包括不受不行抗力影响的其它