2019中考上海中考英语总复习-从句

宾语从句和定语从句授课类型 C宾语从句 C定语从句 T(典型例题巩固)授课日期及时段教学内容专题一：宾语从句一、宾语从句专题知识梳理概念：在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子就叫宾语从句，基本句式为“主句+连接词+宾语从句”。题型特点：在中考当中的考查题型为选择题及句型转换题，分值一般为3-4分左右，主要围绕宾从的三要素，语序，时态，连接词进行考察。宾从也可以在写作中适当使用，进行文采的提高。知识点1：引导词.由that引导的宾语从句。that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如：Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.Shedoesn,tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed..由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副司when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如：Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfor?Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。if和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如：Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.中考考点一-if和whether的区别if/whether都可作宾语从句的引导词，意为“是否”，在一般情况下可以互换。if多用于口语和非正式文体中，whether则多用于比较正式的文体中。如：e.g.Sheaskedmeif/whetherIcouldhelpherwithherEnglish.Idon,tknowif/whetheritisgoingtorain.只用whether的情况：1）在带to的动词不定式前Hedoesn,tknowwhethertogotothecinemaortowatchTVathome.2）在介词后I,mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.3）直接与ornot连用时Idon,tknowwhetherornottheywillcometohelpus.4）在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中Wediscussedwhetherwouldhaveasportsmeetingnextweek.5）宾语从句提前时只能用whetherWhetherthisistrueornot,Ican,tsay.6）引导位于句首的主语从句或表语从句用whetherWhetherheisrightorwrongisaquestion.知识点2：语序在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾从一定要用陈述句的语序，其标点符号由主句来决定。因此当宾语从句是由whether\if或者特殊疑问词引导时，因将其原来的疑问句语序还原为陈述句的语序。知识点3：时态主句宾语从句一般现在时一切时态一般过去时过去范畴的某一时态（一般过去时；过去进行时；过去完成时；过去将来时）e.g.Shesays(that)：sheoftengoestoschoolonfoot;shewenttoschoolonfootyesterday;shewillgotoschoolonfoottomorrow;sheiseatinganapplenow.shehaseatentheapple e.g.Shesaid(that):sheoftenwenttoschoolonfoot;shewenttoschoolonfootthedaybefore;shewouldgotoschoolonfootthenextday;shewaseatinganapplethen.shehadeatentheapple 知识点4：特殊情况.当宾语从句是指客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象时，主句不管是什么时态，从句只能用一般现在时。eg.Shesaid(that)thesunrisesintheeast.Shetoldme(that)knowledgeispower..当主句是：Couldyou…\Wouldyou…表示建议或者请求的句型时，主句的时态是一般现在时，从句时态不限定。e.g.Wouldyoutellmewhatyouwanttoeat?Couldyoutellmehowhewillcometomorrow?.当疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语，从句语序不需要改变，如what'stheproblem/what,sthematter/what,sup/what'swrong表示“怎么了”.。e.g.Idon,tknowwhat,stheproblem/what,sthematter/what,sup/what,swrong.关于宾语从句应注意事项：熟练掌握宾语从句三大要素：语序、时态、连接词注意特殊情况，如：Couldyouplease/Wouldyouplease表示委婉语气，不影响时态;从句表示客观事实或真理，从句时态使用一般现在时，不受主句时态的影响；与or/ornot连用，只用whether，不用if；当疑问代词在宾语从句中作宾语，从句语序不需要改变，如what,stheproblem等。二、同步题型分析例1：“Whoisresponsibleforthefoodsafetyproblem?askedthereporter.改为宾语从句） 2013上海中考Thereporteraskedresponsibleforthefoodsafetyproblem.解析：本题先根据特殊疑问句，因此直接使用特殊疑问词who引导宾从，根据主语谓语asked过去时，因此，从句的一般现在时改为一般过去时，因此本题答案为whowas。例2："Isitthefirstboys-onlyschoolinthecity?"askedaparent.（改为宾语从句） 2012上海中考Aparentaskeditthefirstboys-onlyschoolinthecity.解析：本题根据原题一般疑问句，因此连接词使用if/whether，同时，主语谓语动词为asked，从句的时态由一般现在时改为一般将来时，因此本题答案为if/whetherwas。例3：ArethereanynewmarketsinAsia?Thesalesmanagerwantstoknow.合为一句） 2011上海中考ThesalesmanagerwantstoknowthereanynewmarketsinAsia.解析：本题根据原题一般疑问句，因此连接词使用if/whether，同时，主句为一般现在时，从句时态不需要改变，因此本题答案为if/whetherare。例4：Iwanttoknow. 2010上海中考whenweshouldarriveattheairportwhenshouldwearriveattheairportwhentheairportweshouldarriveatwhentheairportshouldwearriveat解析：选择题中宾语从句的做题技巧从两方面出发，一个是语序，一个使时态。本题根据陈述语序便可排解、D选项，C项宾语位置错误，因此正确答案为A。例5：CouldyoupleasetellusinShanghai? 2009上海中考A)whenwillyouvisittheWorldExpo B)whenyouwillvisittheWorldExpoC)whentheWorldExpowillyouvisit D)whentheWorldExpoyouwillvisit解析：本题结合宾语从句考察，本题需要注意couldyouplease只表示委婉语气，不表示过去时态，同时根据陈述语序进行排除，因此本题选B。Keys:一、1.B2,A3.A4.C5.B6.B 7.C 8.D二、1、haven'tfinished 2、stopped3、willcome 4、wasraining5、nottowalk6、wouldhelp7、hadknown8、doesn'train,willvisit9、waswriting,went10、travels三、1.ifhewanted 2.howcanIgetto3.hehadfinishedhis 4.howtogetto专题二：定语从句一、定语从句专题知识梳理概念：在句中作定语的句子，它修饰一个名词或代词，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句。这个被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。定语从句的引导词：关系代词有：who,whom,whose,that,which等。关系副词有：when,where,why等知识点1：关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。.who,whom,that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。e.g.Ishethemanwho/thatwantstoseeyou?他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）Heisthemanwhom/thatIsawyesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）.whose用来指人或物，（只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同ofwhich互换）。e.g.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。Pleasepassmethebookwhose（ofwhich）coverisgreen.请递给我那本绿皮的书。.which,that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。e.g.Aprosperitywhich/thathadneverbeenseenbeforeappearsinthecountryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which/that在句中作宾语）知识点2：关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于”介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。e.g.Thereareoccasionswhen（onwhich）onemustyield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。Beijingistheplacewhere（inwhich）Iwasborn.北京是我的出生地。知识点3：判断关系代词与关系副词.用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。e.g.ThisisthemountainvillagewhereIstayedlastyear.这是我去年呆过的山村。I'llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedtogetherwithyou我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。.准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。e.g/U1.Isthismuseumyouvisitedafewdaysage?A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone例2.Isthisthemuseumtheexhibitionwasheld.A.whereB.thatC.onwhichD.theone答案：例1D,例2A知识点4：限制性和非限制性定语从句.定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。e.g.Thisisthehousewhichweboughtlastmonth.这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。（限制性）Thehouse,whichweboughtlastmonth,isverynice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）.当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。e.g.CharlesSmith,whowasmyformerteacher,retiredlastyear.查理・史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。Myhouse,whichIboughtlastyear,hasgotalovelygarden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。e.g.HeseemsnottohavegraspedwhatImeant,whichgreatlyupsetsme.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。Liquidwaterchangestovapor,whichiscalledevaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。知识点5：关系代词that的用法.不用that的情况引导非限定性定语从句时及介词后不能用that。.只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况1）在therebe句型中，只用that,不用which。在不定代词，如：anything,nothing,theone,all,much,few,any,little等作先行词 时，只用that,不用which。先行词有theonly,thevery修饰时，只用that。先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.先行词既有人，又有物时。e.g.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.所需的只是供油问题。Finally,thethiefhandedeverythingthathehadstolentothepolice.那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。关于定语从句注意事项：.关系代词的判断步骤：首先，要看先行词。如果先行词是指人，关系代词可用who,whom,that。如果先行词指物,关系代词可用which,that;不管先行词指人还是指物，在定语从句中是所有格的关系就用whose然后，要确定关系词在从句中的成分。请看下表1先行词主格（不能省）宾格（可省略）所有格人who,that(who/whom/that)whose1物IIwhich,that(which/that)whose,ofwhich.关系副词的判断步骤：还是要先看先行词。如果先行词在从句中充当时间状语用when或介词+which;充当地点状语用where或介词+which;充当原因状语用why或介词+which。二、专题精讲（备注：中考并不考察定语从句，针对定语从句的考察主要是在一些阅读中，以及平时的日校试卷练习中，还有写作中要求程度中上的学生使用定从的表达来提高文采，因此这部分省略）Keys:一1-5ABCCA6-10ADDDB11-15DADCC16-20DACBB二which\that;which\that\不填;whose;that;whose;who;why;where;that\which\不填;when”能力,一一、能力培养.宾语从句的知识点复习和再次梳理（由学生进行知识点复习巩固）语序：时态：连接词：.定语从句的知识点复习和再次梳理（看学生的程度，不同学生有不同层次的对于定从掌握的要求）重点：关系代词和关系副词的选用：只用that的情况：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：能力检测1、Keys:1-5DBCBB6-10CCACB11-16DBBDAA2、Keys:1-5CADAB6-10DABDC课后作业1、Keys:1-5：CACDC6-10:CCABA11-15AACBC2、Keys:1-5ACBCD 6-10CACCC 11-15DACBC专题一：宾语从句一、单项选择( )1.Idon,tthinkhewillcomehereontime,?A.won,theB.willheC.doesheD.ishe( )2.Willyoupleasetellme?A.wherePudongAirportis B.howfarPudongAirportwasC.howcanwegettoPudongAirportD.whenwasPudongAirportbuilt( )3.It,snotpolitetoaskpeopleinEngland.A.howmuchmoneyyouhavegotB.whattheweatherislikeC.whatyourcitylookslike D.howoldareyou( )4.Iwonderifhetonight.Ifhe,I,llletyouknow.A.willcome;willcome B.comes;comesC.willcome;comes D.comes;willcome( )5.Ican,tsayIwanttoseehimagain.Wehaven,tseeneachotherfornearlythreeyears.A.howlongB.howsoonC.howoftenD.howmuch( )6.Mr.GreentoldmethatheonatripnextSunday.A.aregoingB.wasgoingC.willgo D.wouldgoing( )7.OurgeographyteachertoldusthatJapantheeastofChina.A.isin B.wasin C.isto D.wasto( )8.Nobodyknowshe'llcomeornot.A.that B.if C./ D.whether二、用所给动词的正确形式填空：1、Iwon'treturnthebooktothelibrarybecauseI(notfinish)readingit.2、Assoonashesawme,hetospeaktome.(stop)3、Ihopehe(come)backinaweek.4、It(rain)hardwhenIgottothefactorythismorning.5、Theoldmantoldthechildren(notwalk)inthericefields.6、Hetoldmehe(help)herwithhermaththenextevening.7、Shesaidthey(know)eachotherforquitesometime.8、Ifit(notrain)tomorrow,we(visit)thePeople'sMuseum.9、John(write)somethingwhenI(go)toseehim.10、Ourteachertoldusthatlight(travel)muchfasterthansound.三、按要求改写句子“Doyouwanttotrysomethingnew?"Tom,smotheraskedhim.(改为复合句，句意不变)Tom,smotheraskedhimtotrysomethingnew.Couldyoutellmethewaytothestation?(改写句子，句意不变)Couldyoutellme tothestation?“Ihavefinishedmyhomework."Johntoldme.(改为复合句，句意不变)Johntoldmethat homework.Idon7tknowhowIcanreachthezoo.(改为简单句)Idon,tknow thezoo.专题二：定语从句一、选择填空()1.Themanwasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedto B.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohim D.whichyoujusttalkedto()2.Thisisthebestfilmhasbeenshownthisyear.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.when()3.Finally,thethiefhandedeverythinghehadstolentothepolice.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.inwhere()4.Mr.LitoldusthenovelsandwritersinterestedhimA.whatB.whoC.thatD.which()5.Myfatherstillrememberstheday hejoinedthearmy.A.when B.whichC.towhichD.fromwhich()6.I,llneverforgetthesummerholidaysweplaytogether.A.whenB.inwhichC.whichD.how()7ThisistheplaceIhaveevervisited.A.thereB.whenC.whereD.which()8.TheletterIreceivedfromhimyesterdayisveryimportant.A.whoB.whereC.whatD.that()9.Ihatepeopletalkmuchbutdolittle.A.whoseB.whomC.whichD.who()10.—WhoisthemanwastalkingtoourEnglishteacher?—Oh!It,sMr.Baker,ourmathsteacher.A.heB.thatC.whomD.which()11.Iknowthemanwithyouaretalkingonthephone.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom()12.GeorgeMallorywasanEnglishschoolteacherlovedclimbing.A.whoB.whomC.heD.which()13.—Doestheteacherknoweverybodyplantedthetrees?一Yes,hedoes.A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.who()14.Nobodyknowsthereasonshedidn,tcometothemeeting.A.thatB.whichC.whyD.when()15.Themoonisaworldthereisnolife.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.why()16.Hehasforgottentheday hearrived.A.onwhenB.whereC.thatD.onwhich()17.Hestillremembersthedayshestayedwithyourfamily.A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which()18.Mr.White,carhadbeenstolen,cametothepoliceman.A.whoB.thatC.whoseD.which()19.Hegottothevillageinhisfamilyoncelivedbeforeliberation解放).A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()20.ThisisthehouseIwanttobuy.

A.inwhichB.thatC.whoseD.where二关系词填空Theskirtismadeofsilkisveryexpensive.Ican,taffordit.Twoyearshaspassed,butChinesepeoplestillrememberthoseexcitingdaystheyspentduringtheBeijing2008OlympicGames.Theyrushedovertohelpthemancarhadbrokendown.IhavetoldyoueverythingIknowaboutit.Pleasepassmethebookcoverisgreen.---DoyouknowYaoMing?---Yes.He,sabasketballplayerisveryfamousintheworld.ThereasonIamlateisthatthetrafficisterrible.Thefarmmyparentsworkisverybig.ThefactoryMr.Wangownslocatesintheeastofthecity.DoyourememberthedayyoumetJackinthestreet?三、能力检测.宾从练习()l.Excuseme,couldyoupleasetellme?A.whenwillthefilmstartB.howmuchtheticketwouldcostC.wheredoesthisbusgoD.whichgateisopen( )2.TheclassteacheraskedthemonitorA.whywasJefflateforschoolB.whyJeffwaslateforschoolC.whyisJefflateforschool D.whyJeffislateforschool( )3.Rosewonderedthenewmobilephone.A.howmuchwouldshepayfor B.howmuchwillshepayforC.howmuchshewouldpayfor D.howmuchshewillpayfor()4.Pleasetellus.()4.Pleasetellus.A.whenwillthewintervocationstartC.whendoesthewintervocationstart()5.CouldyoutellmeA.howoftendoyouseeafilmC.wheredidhelive()6.CouldyoutellmewhatdayB.whenthewintervocationwillstartD.whendidthewintervocationstartB.whotheyarestayingwithD.whatisshedoingnowthePalaceMuseumforfree?A.canelementaryandhighschoolstudentsvisitB.couldelementaryandhighschoolstudentsvisitC.elementaryandhighschoolstudentscanvisitD.elementaryandhighschoolstudentscouldvisit( )7.DoyouknowhowlongtoleaveShanghaiforTokyo?A.doesittakeyou B.willittakeyouC.ittakesyou D.youtakeit()8.Ididn,tunderstandinclass,soIraisedmyhandtoask.A.whatmyteachersaid B.whatdidmyteachersayC.howdidmyteachersayD.howmyteachersaid( )9.MyEnglishTeacheraskedmeA.whyJanehasn,twatchedthegame B.whyhasn,tJanewatchedthegameC.whyJanehadn,twatchedthegame D.whyhadn,tJanewatchedthegame( )10.Tomtoldmethisafternoon.A.heisgoingtowatchaballgameB.hewasgoingtohaveameetingC.ifheisgoingtoseeafilmD.ifhewasgoingtotakeawalk()11.Couldyoutellme?wherewereyouatsevenlastnighthow'syourmemory-improvementcoursewhenyouhadseentheperformanceiftherearethreekindsofmemory()12.Doyouknow?A.whenhehascome B.whyhedidn,tcomeC.ifhecomestomorrowD.whomishelookingfor()13.Mary,saunthasnoidea .A.wherecanshego B.whichskirtsheshouldbuyC.whatshehadsaid D.whenwillsheleaveforBeijing( )14.Theclassteacherwantedtoknow.A.whatdoesAlandolastweekend B.whatAlandoeslastweekendC.whatdidAlandolastweekend D.WhatAlandidlastweekend10()15.I,minterestedin.A.howheopenedthedoorwithoutakeyB.wheredidtheycomebackC.whetherhewouldinviteJacktohispartynextweekendD.howmanybooksyouhadread()16.Fatheraskedme.A.whatIhaddoneinschool B.whathadIdoneinschoolC.whatIhavedoneinschool D.whathaveIdoneinschool1.定从练习Afootballfan(球迷)ishasastronginterestinfootball.A.athingthatB.somethingthatC.apersonwhoD.whatThehouse,wasdestroyedintheterriblefire,hasbeenrepaired.A.theroofofwhichB.whichroofC.itsroofD.theroofCanyoulendmethenoveltheotherday?A.thatyoutalkedB.youtalkedaboutitC.whichyoutalkedwithD.youtalkedaboutThematteryouwerearguingaboutlastnighthasbeensettled.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.forwhichTheytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonstheyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whomWhohascommonsensef常识)willdosuchathing?A.whichB.whoC.whomD.thatAlltheapplesfelldownwereeatenbythepigs.A.thatB.thoseC.whichD.whatTheyaskedhimtotellthemeverythinghesawatthefront.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.whereI'lltellyouhetoldmelastnight.A.allwhichB.allwhatC.thatallD.allAchildparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whoB.who'sC.whoseD.which课后作业作业1:Idon'tknow.A.wheredoeshecomefrom B.whatishisnameC.howoldheis D.whenwillheleave—DidMrWhitetellyou?—Yes.Hesaidhewenttherein2003.A.whenhetraveledtoTibet B.howhegoestoWuhanC.wherehespenthisholidays D.whydidhevisitKunming11

—Doyouknownow?—InthePeople'sHotel.A.whereisTomworking B.wheredidTomworkC.whereTomisworking D.whereTomworked—Willyoupleaseshowmehowtodotherole-playexercise?—Sure.Nowletmetellyoufirst.A.whichtodoB.howtodoC.whentodoD.whattodo—Idon'tknowtodowiththismathsproblem.It'stoohard.—Youcanaskyourclassmatesorteachersforhelp.A.which B.how C.whatD.when—DoyouknowtheMP3playerlastweek?B.howmuchwillshepayforD.howmuchshewillpayforB.whendoyoucomehereB.howmuchwillshepayforD.howmuchshewillpayforB.whendoyoucomehereD.whenyoucomeheremorning?B.wherewillthemeetingstartD.whenthemeetingwouldstarttobuy.A.howmuchdidshepayforC.howmuchshepaidfor—Couldyoutellme?—Yes.Totakebackmydictionary.A.whydidyoucomehereC.whyyoucamehere—Couldyoutellmetomorrow—Well,itwillstartat9.00o'clock.A.whenthemeetingwillstartC.wherethemeetingstartsButthere'resomanykindsthatIcan'tdecide.—Areyougoingtobuyacamera?Butthere'resomanykindsthatIcan'tdecide.—Yes.A.What B.which C.how D.whereWhocantellmeatA.whathesaidWhocantellmeatA.whathesaidC.whatdidhesayMyauntforgot.A.whereshefirstmetJohnC.whereshefirstmeetsJohnB.hesaidwhatD.howhesaidB.wheredidshefirstmeetJohnD.wheredoesshefirstmeetJohnDon'tloseheart!I'msureyoucangetthroughhardwork.