2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题专练一标题归纳类

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题专练一标题归纳类（xx•安徽合肥高三第二次教学质量检测）SusanBrownellAnthonywasaladyaheadofhertime.Shefoughtforwomen,srightslongbeforetheybecameapopularissue.SusanwasbornonFebruary15,1820,inAdams,Massachusetts.Atthattime,womenhadfewrights.Theycouldnotownproperty.Moneyearnedbyamarriedwomanbelongedtoherhusband.Majordecisionsregardingchildrenweremadebythefathers.Womencouldnotvote.Attheageof15,Susanbecameaschoolteacher.Shetaughtfor15years.Thenshebeganorganizingwomen,sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.Shehelpedgainbettereducationalrightsforwomen.Shehelpedgivemarriedwomenpossessionoftheirearnings.AftertheCivilWar,Susanbecameveryinvolvedinthewomen,ssuffragemovement.Afteryearsoflecturing,writing,andappealingbySusanandotherwomen,somepartsoftheUnitedStateschangedtheirlawstogivewomentherighttovote.ThefirststatewasWyomingin1869.OtherareasandstatesgraduallyfollowedWyoming'sdecision.Itwasnotuntil1920thattheU.S.Constitutionwaschangedtogiveallwomenvotingrights.SusanBrownellAnthonydiedin1906attheageof86.ShewaselectedtotheHallofFameforGreatAmericansin1950.ShewasthefirstAmericanwomantohavealikeness（肖像）ofherfaceonacoin.Itwasthe1979SusanBrownellAnthonydollar.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖 SusanBrownellAnthony。她努力为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。【难句分析】 Thenshebeganorganizingwomen,sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.分析：该句为主从复合句，句中thatwereimportanttowomen为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词causes。译文：随后她开始组织妇女群体加速实现对妇女来说重要的目标。WhatwasthesituationofAmericanwomenlikewhenSusanwasborn?Theyhadlowsocialstatus.Theycouldvoteaftergettingmarried.Theymanagedmoneyfortheirhusbands.D.Theywereresponsiblefordecisionmaking.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Atthattime,womenhadfewrights.Theycouldnotownproperty.Moneyearnedbyamarriedwomanbelongedtoherhusband.Majordecisionsregardingchildrenweremadebythefathers.Womencouldnotvote”可知，在那时，女性没有什么权利，地位是低下的，故A项正确。B、C和D项均与此表述不符。Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?Susan,steachingexperiences.Susan,seducationalbackground.Susan,seffortstoabolishslavery.Susan,sfightingforwomen,scauses.解析：D考查段落大意。通读第三段尤其是“Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen”可知，本段主要讲述SusanBrownellAnthony为争取女权而斗争的情况，故D项正确。干扰项分析：A项仅为细节之一，无法概括该段大意；B项文中没有提及；根据第三段的“Thenshebeganorganizingwomen,sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen”可知，SusanBrownellAnthony为争取女权而斗争，而不是为废除奴隶制而斗争，故C项错误。Whatdoestheword“decision”inthefourthparagraphreferto?Promotingthesocialmovement.ChangingtheU.S.Constitution.Givingwomenvotingrights.Unitingotherareasandstates.解析：C考查词义猜测。根据第四段第二句中的“somepartsoftheUnitedStateschangedtheirlawstogivewomentherighttovote”可知，在SusanBrownellAnthony的努力下，美国一些地区修改了法律，给了妇女投票权；结合该段第三、四句"ThefirststatewasWyomingin1869.OtherareasandstatesgraduallyfollowedWyoming'sdecision”可以判断，画线词指代“给妇女投票权”这一决定，故C项正确。Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?ThefirstAmericanwomantoinventcoinsTheproblemofwomen,srightsintheU.S.ThemostpopularwomenorganizationsApioneerinfightingforwomen,srights解析：D考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了美国历史上著名的女权运动领袖SusanBrownellAnthony。她为妇女争取了财产权、投票权等权利。据此可知D项最适合作文章标题。B（xx•安徽百所重点高中二模）Ihadthehonourofbeingelectedchiefofmytribe（部落）.Withthetitlecamegreatresponsibility.ItwasmyjobtomakepeacewiththeMaoriTamakitribe,whosevillagewevisited.Theirsoldiersjumpedfromacanoeandfacedusdownwithfiercecrying,stickingeyesandmuchnoiseofsticks.Theylaidapalmleafonthegroundand,ashead,Iwasforcedtoacceptthispeaceofferingbypickingitup,thentouchingnoseswiththeirchief.“Kiaora,“hesaid,welingusintothewoodlandhomeofhispeople.My“tribe“wasmyNewZealandcoachtourgroup,whohadforcedmeintobeintheirleader.We,dbeenwarnedthattheceremonywasaseriousoccasionandthattolaughorevensmilewouldbeconsideredrudetotheTamaki.AfterthatitwasnonstopfunastheydemonstratedtheirancientcustomsandIreceivedinstructioninperformingthehaka,thewardanceimmortalized（使不朽）bytheAllBlacksrugbyteam.Thentheypulledourdinneroflamb,beefandvegetablesoutoftheground.Ithadbeenslowcookedintheheatjustbelowthesurfaceinthegeothermal（地热的）areaofNorthIsland,aMaoritraditionknownasahangithatgoesbackanextremelylongperiodoftime.Obviously,thisformofitisputonfortouristsbutitwashugelyenjoyable.Thejourneybacktothehotelwasaloneworththeeffort,ourelderMaoridriverbeingdeservingofhisowntelevisionshow.“Thewheelsonthebusgoroundandround,”hegotussinging,whilehecircuitedaroundaboutthreetimes.Acoupleofdaysfromtheendofourtrip,therewasstillsomethingmissing,aNewZealandiconIwantedtoseetomakemygrandtourplete.Ridingoveraridge,thereitwas—Aotearoa.TheMaorinameforNewZealandtranslatesas“thelandofthelongwhitecloud”.CanIsay“Kiaora,Aotearoa?”YoubetIcan.【解题导语】 本文为记叙文，作者讲述了他去新西兰旅游时接触到的毛利文化。Howwerethevisitorsgreetedinthetribe?Thesoldiersmadeapalmleafroad.Thesoldierstouchedtheirnoses.Thesoldiersshooksticksfiercely.Thesoldiersmadenoisewithshuteyes.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Theirsoldiersjumpedfromacanoeandfacedusdownwithfiercecrying,stickingeyesandmuchnoiseofsticks.Theylaidapalmleafonthegroundand”可知，毛利部落的勇士们从独木舟上跳下来，用狂热的叫喊、瞪大的眼睛和巨大的棍棒晃动声将作者一行人镇住了，他们还在地面上放置一片棕榈叶。这些都是毛利人对游客表示欢迎的方式。故选C。WhichreferstotheMaoricookingcustom?A.Kiaora.B.Haka.C.Hangi. D.Tamaki.解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Thentheypulledourdinneroflamb,beefandvegetablesoutoftheground.Ithadbeenslowcookedintheheat...aMaoritraditionknownasahangi”可知，在地下土炉中烹制食物是毛利饮食传统，这被称为hangi.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthedriver?Hewasgoodatsinging.Hemadethejourneymemorable.Hewasnotfamiliarwiththeroad.HeperformedwellonaTVshow.解析：B考查推理判断。根据第四段的“Thejourneybacktothehotelwasaloneworththeeffort,ourelderMaoridriverbeingdeservingofhisowntelevisionshow...”可知，作者一行人的回宾馆之旅让他们难忘：有表演天赋的毛利老司机让作者他们一路欢歌，故选B。Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?AtasteofMaoricultureHello,NewZealandThehonourofbeingatribechiefThebestofNewZealand解析：A考查主旨要义。作者作为赴新西兰的旅游团的队长，在旅游中有幸接触毛利文化，这给作者留下了深刻的印象，故A项“体验毛利文化”作标题最佳。C（xx•东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟试卷二）OnApril14th,xx,myentirelifechangedinaninstant.OnemomentIwasjoyfullyridingthroughthesunshine.Thenextmoment,metal,fleshandboneswerespreadingagainstthepavementinathunderouscrash.Anothercyclist,bikingcarelessly,hadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoningtraffic.Asiftosymbolizetheaccidentthathadhitmylife,anotherdisasteralsooccurredonApril14th,xx.Itcosttheairlineindustry$1.7billion.Tenmilliontravelerswerestuckfordays.Economicsallovertheworldweredisturbed.ThiswastheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull,oneofIceland,smanyvolcanoes.However,volcanoesarenotallbad.Infact,theyarenecessary.Theyareresponsibleforthebirthofnewearth,andforthecreationofrichsoil.Thiseruptiongaveoff0.15milliontonsofcarbondioxideintotheatmospheredaily.Butcancelling48%oftheworld,sflighttravelsavedabout2.8milliontonsofCO92fromenteringtheatmosphere,temporarilydecreasingourcarbonfootprint.Similarly,theaccidenthadbadlyaffectedmyemotionbutitalsoallowedmetolookmorecloselyinsidemyselfanddiscoverthingsaboutmyselfIwouldneverhaverealized.Ilearnedhownottojudgemyselfformynewlimitations.In1973,anotherIcelandicvolcano,Eldfell,brokeout.Icelandersdecidedtobombitwithcoldwateruntilitfrozeandchoseadifferentpath.Aftertheirplanworked,theyusedthegeothermal（地热的）energyforthenext15yearstoheattheirhomes.Agoodexampleoflifebringinglemons,andmakinglemonade!Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes,focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture.IranfromApril14th,xx,toeverykindofescape.EventuallyIendedupinuniversityforanewfoundloveinEarthsciences.【解题导语】作者把自己遭遇突发事件和火山爆发这种自然灾害进行类比，说明遭遇到不幸也有好处，面对现实情况要乐观积极。【难句分析】 Similarly,theaccidenthadbadlyaffectedmyemotionbutitalsoallowedmetolookmorecloselyinsidemyselfanddiscoverthingsaboutmyselfIwouldneverhaverealized.分析：but连接两个并列分句，第二个分句中Iwouldneverhaverealized为省略了关系词的定语从句。译文：相似地，这次事故深深地影响了我的情绪，但是也让我更深入地了解我自己，发现我从未认识到的关于自身的事情。WhathappenedtothewriteronApril14th,xx?Hewasinvolvedinacarcrash.HewasstuckinanIceland,sairport.Hewitnessedavolcaniceruption.Hewasbadlyinjuredonabikeride.解析：D考查细节理解。根据文章第一段中的“Thenextmoment,metal...crash”和“Anothercyclist,bikingcarelessly,hadcutmeoffandsentmesupermanningtowardoningtraffic”可知，一个马虎的骑自行车的人撞到了作者，作者遭遇了事故，受伤严重，故D项正确。干扰项分析：A项的carcrash和原文不一致；B、C两项都不是发生在作者身上的事情。WhichwasaneffectoftheeruptionofEyjafjallajokull?Theeconomywascostgloballybytheeruption.Carbondioxideincreasedtemporarily.Mostoftheworld,splaneswereheldup.TheearthinIcelandwasterriblypolluted.解析：A考查细节理解。根据文章第二段中的“Economicsallovertheworldweredisturbed”可知，艾雅法拉火山爆发后，全世界的经济都受到了干扰，即火山的爆发使全球经济受损，故A项正确。干扰项分析：B项和文章第三段中的“savedabout...temporarilydecreasingourcarbonfootprint”矛盾；根据第二段中的“Itcosttheairline....fordays”可知,C项错误；根据第三段内容可知，火山爆发能带来肥沃的土壤，而不是污染土壤，故排除D项。WhydidthewritermentiontheEldfellvolcano?ItbrokeoutinIcelandonApril14thaswell.Itsymbolizedtheaccidentthatchangedhislife.Ittoldustomakethebestofagivensituation.Itencouragedhimtoknowmoreabouthimself.解析：C考查推理判断。根据文章第五段中的“Aftertheirplanworked...theirhomes”并结合“Onemustmoveonfrommisfortunes,focusingonlyonthepresentmomentandbeinghopefulforthefuture”可推知，我们应该充分利用特定的环境。干扰项分析：A项提到的日期不对；根据第二段的第一句可排除B项；鼓励作者更多地了解自己的是自行车事故，故排除D项。Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?EscapefromVolcanoesInspirationfromDisastersLoveforEarthSciencesAttitudeTowardNature解析：B考查主旨大意。本文作者通过讲述自己遭遇事故和火山爆发带来的好处及坏处，告诉人们要积极应对现实情况，所以选B项。2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习阅读理解主旨大意题专练三段落大意类（xx•烟台诊断）Grandparentswhohelpoutoccasionallywithchildcareintheirmunitytendtolivelongerthanseniorswhodonotcareforotherpeople,accordingtoastudyfromBerlin,Germany.“Havingnocontactwithgrandchildrenatallcannegativelyimpactgrandparents,health.Thislinkcouldbedeeplyrootedinourevolutionarypastwhenhelpwithchildcarewasimportantforthesurvivalofthehumanspecies”saidSonjaHilbrand,oneoftheresearchers.Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70.Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparents,ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20yearperiodwasonethirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren,paredwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.Caregivingwasassociatedwithalongerlifeevenwhenthecarereceiverwasn'tarelative.Halfofallchildlessseniorswhoprovidedsupporttofriendsorneighborslivedforsevenyearsafterthestudybegan,whilenonhelperslivedforfouryearsonaverage.“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety.Caregivingmaybethoughtalsoasanactivitythatkeepscaregiversphysicallyandmentallyactive，”saidProfessorBrunoArpino.Arpinonoted,however,thatcaregivingisnottheonlyactivitythatcanimprovehealthandthattoomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivitieslikeworking,beinginsocialclubs,orvolunteering.“Childrenshouldtakeintoaccounttheirparents'needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare，”hesuggested.“Itisveryimportantthateveryindividualdecidesforhimself/herself,what’properamountsofhelp'means，”Hilbrandsaid,adding,“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensity（强度）ofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”体裁：议论文题材：社会文化主题：祖父母适当照顾孙辈对身体有益【语篇导读】德国柏林一项研究发现，祖父母适当地帮忙照顾孙辈比不照顾孙辈的老年人寿命长。Whatisthecaregivingstudybasedon?Humanevolutionaryhistory.Demandofmodernsociety.Socialcontactbetweenrelatives.Dataonmanyelderlypeople.解析：D推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句Thefindingsaredrawnfromdataonmorethan500peopleoverage70可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。故选D项。InArpino,sopinion,childcare.issuretokeepoldpeopleawayfromillnessesallowsoldpeopletoliveamoremeaningfullifecreatesmorejobopportunitiesforoldpeoplemakessocialactivitiesinaccessibletooldpeople解析：B推理判断题。根据题干中的 Arpino,sopinion定位至文章第五段中的“Caregivingmaygivecaregiversapurposeoflifebecausetheymayfeelusefulforothersandsociety...”可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。故选B项。3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“takeintoaccount”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Limit. B.Ignore.C.Favor. D.Consider.解析：D词义猜测题。根据上文中toomanycaringresponsibilitiescantakeawayfromotherbeneficialactivities及后面的“...theirparents,needs,willingness,anddesiresandagreewiththemonthetimingandamountofchildcare,”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜测，takeintoaccount意为“考虑”，与consider意义相近。故选D项。Whatdoesthelastparagraphtellus?Grandparentscandoanythingintheirowninterests.Grandparentsshouldsharemoresocialresponsibilities.Properamountsofchildcaredogoodtograndparents.Caregivingguaranteeseverygrandparentalongerlife.解析：C细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Aslongasyoudonotfeelstressedabouttheintensityofhelpyouprovideyoumaybedoingsomethinggoodforothersaswellasforyourself.”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。故选C项。长难句分析：Overall,afteraccountingforgrandparents,ageandgeneralstateofhealth,theriskofdyingovera20yearperiodwasonethirdlowerforgrandparentswhocaredfortheirgrandchildren,paredwithgrandparentswhoprovidednochildcare.句式分析：本句为主从复合句。其中，Overall在此为副词，在句中作状语；after为介词，其后接动名词短语作宾语;两个who均引导定语从句;paredwithgrandparentswho...为过去分词短语作状语。句意：总的来说，在考虑祖父母的年龄和大致的健康状况后，与那些没照顾孙辈的祖父母相比，那些照顾孙辈的祖父母在20年间的死亡风险要低三分之一。B（xx•湖北省武汉市高中毕业生调研测试）Cryingisthesignoftherawestofhumanemotions.Wecrywhenwecan,tholdinsidewhatwefeelanymore.Wecrywhenwe,reatourbest,andwhenwe,reatourworst.Bywe,Imeanallofus.Menincluded.Butweneverseeothermencry.Innowesternculturehasiteverbeenacceptableformentoshed（流泪）morethanasingletear,andeventhenit,sreservedforgrandvictories,defeatsanddeaths.Dutchresearchsuggeststhatwomencrybetweenthreeandfivetimesmorethanmen.Generallymenandwomencryoverthesamethingdeaths,breakupsandhomesickness,primarily,butresearchersbelievethatmencrymoreoftenthanwomenwhenitestopositiveevents.IwanttoadmitI,mabitofacryer.However,havingneverreallyexperienceddeathsinmylife,afewweeksagoIexperiencedwhatitmeanstoreally,truly,pourmyheartoutintears.See,mydog—and24/7panion—waskilledbyacarrightoutsidemyhouse.Beingawitnesstothispainfuleventleftmeinshockforagoodhour,butthenthefloodgatesopened.Overthenext48hours,Imighthavecried20times.OnceortwiceIcrouched蹲）onthefloorwithmyheadinmyhandsandtearsweretheonlyoutlet.ItissuggestedinthebookAdultCryingABiopsychosocialApproachthatthere'scertainpleasureincrying.Ithelpseasestresswhenthereisnootherwaytoexpressourselves.Inthosedaysaftermydog,sdeath,Irememberthinking,"I'vegottostopthiscrying”.Itfeltunmanly.Itfeltlikeasignofweakness.I,vesincerealisedthattearsareforeverybody;they,renotgenderspecific.Theyshowwehavesympathy,allowustogetridofstressandjustfeel.【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者的狗遭遇车祸，作者痛哭不已，伤心欲绝。后来作者意识到哭泣是释放压力的方法。【难句分析】However,havingneverreallyexperienceddeathsinmylife,afewweeksagoIexperiencedwhatitmeanstoreally,truly,pourmyheartoutintears.分析：该句为主从复合句。该句中whatitmeanstoreally,truly,pourmyheartoutintears为what弓［导的宾语从句；havingneverreallyexperienceddeathsinmylife为现在分词短语作原因状语。译文：然而，我在生活中从来没有真正体会过死亡，数周前的一次体验让我知道死亡真的意味着痛哭流涕和撕心裂肺的感觉。Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?Cryingisarawhumanemotion.Cryingisanemotionbeyondcontrol.Cryingisanemotionshowingsadness.Cryingisanemotionshowinghappiness.解析:A考查段落大意。通读该段可知，该段第一句"Cryingisthesignoftherawestofhumanemotions”为该段的主题句。结合该段其他内容可知，该段主要论述“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露”，故A项正确。What,sthedifferencebetweenmenandwomenincryingaccordingtoDutchresearch?Theycryoverdifferentmatters.Theycryatdifferenttimesoflife.Womencrymoreoftenoverdeaths.Menaremorelikelytohavetearsofjoy.解析：D考查细节理解。由题干关键词"Dutchresearch”定位至第二段，根据第二段的“匕仇researchersbelievethatmencrymoreoftenthanwomenwhenitestopositiveevents”可知，男女哭泣的区别是男子对于积极事物的哭泣频率要比妇女高，故D项正确。Whatdidtheauthorthinkofhiscryingoverhisdog,sdeath?Asignofstrength.Asignofweakness.Behaviorofbeingwomanish.Awayofreducingemotionalstress.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第六段，尤其是最后一句"Theyshowwehavesympathy,allowustogetridofstressandjustfeel”可知，作者意识到哭泣是减轻情感压力的方式，故D项正确。What'sthebesttitleforthetext?Men,nevercrylikewomenMen,it'sOKtocrysometimesCryingsolvespsychologicalproblemsCryingexplainsdifferencesbetweenmenandwomen解析：B考查标题判断。通读全文内容尤其是第一段第一句"Cryingisthesignoftherawestofhumanemotions”和本文最后一句"Theyshowwehavesympathy,allowustogetridofstressandjustfeel”可知，本文论述的中心是“哭泣是人类最自然的情感流露，是减轻情感压力的方式”，据此可以判断，B项最适合作文章标题。C（xx•广西重点高中二模）Peoplelovecellphones,whichiswhynineintenAmericansownone.Butdoesheavyuseofcellphonesposeariskofcancer?Thisquestionhascausedcontroversyformanyyears.Anewstudyinratsnowaugmentsthoseconcerns.Itsdatalinkedlongterm,intenseexposuretoradiationfromcellphoneswithallincreasedriskofcancerintheheartorbrain.Theresultshaveyettobeconfirmed,theauthorsnote.Indeed,althoughtheratstudyfoundalinkbetweencellphoneradiationandcancer,itoffersnocluestowhysuchalinkmightexist,notesJonathanSamet.HeteachespreventativemedicineanddirectstheInstituteforGlobalHealthattheUniversityofSouthernCaliforniainLosAngeles.Still,hecallsthenewstudy'sfindings“significant”.Theycouldleadtostudiesresearchinghowcellphoneradiationmightcausecancer,hesays.Phonesignalsarerelayedbetweencelltowersandcellphonesviaradiowaves.Thisradiofrequency—orRF—radiationisatypeknownasnonionizing（非电离的）.UnlikeXrays,nonionizingradiationdoesnotdepositenoughenergyintocellstoreleaseelectronsfromatomsormolecules,producingions.Soittends。befarlessharmfulthanionizingradiation,suchasXrays.Butthatdoesnotmeanradiowavesmightnotcauseharm.Inverylargedoses（量）thisradiationwillheatthebodyandcausetissuedamage.Butit,snotyetknownwhatmuchlowerRFlevelsmightdo,suchasthosefromcellphoneuse.Fiveyearsago,theWorldHealthOrganization,sInternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer,orIARC,concludedthatcellphoneuse“ispossiblycarcinogenic（致癌的）”.Itsconclusionwasbasedonwhatlittleresearchdatawasavailableatthat