中国珠算英文介绍教学内容

ChineseAbacus

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theoldestcalculatingmachineintheworldGroup3第一页，共16页。ChineseAbacusAnabacusisessentiallyanarrayofbeadsthreadedonstringorheldingrooves,witheachrowrepresentingadifferentdigit.第二页，共16页。ChineseAbacus第三页，共16页。ChineseAbacusUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization)claimedthatChineseabacusbecomealternateitemontheNon-materialculturalheritageliston31stOct.2013.TheyalsosaidthatChineseabacuswascalledtheoldestcalculatingmachineintheworld.第四页，共16页。ChineseAbacusThispictureshowsthecommonabacusweusedtosee.Lookatit,whichremindmeofmyfirstabacuswhenIwasachild.ActuallyabacusesoftenturnupinChineseliterature,justasweusedtosay“hecalculatesonanabacusjinglejingle”“heissmartbythemeansofcalculatingontheabacus”.WealsooftenseethepicturesofabookkeepercalculatingontheabacusfromTVorfilms.第五页，共16页。

Thatistosaythebusinessmancalculatewellsothathegainsmuchmoney.ChineseAbacus“Oncesoundabacusringing,thereisatonofgold.”“Anabacustohiswaist”

Itsoundsironyandmeansthathejustcalculatehispersonaltip.“Alittleabacus”

Ifapersonjustconsidersforhimself,wewillsayhehasalittleabacus.第六页，共16页。ChineseAbacus“Ironyabacus”“Ironyabacus”means“greedyformoney”“Dirtyabacus”“Dirtyabacus”meansfullofdirtytricks.“Wishfulabacus”“Wishfulabacus”meanswishfulthoughts.第七页，共16页。Howlonghistorydoesabacushas?ChineseAbacusAccordingtoUNESCO(UnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganization),abacushas1800yearsofhistory.Butitmaybewrong,becausethereisn’tanyevidencetoproveit.Anditmaybelongeraccordingtothelegend.第八页，共16页。ChineseAbacusDuringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod,WuandYuecompetedfortheoverlord.Fuchai,thekingofWuwasdeadandthenthekingofYue,Gouqian,won.Butjustbecauseofhiscompetitor’sdeath?Ofcoursenot.WehavetomentionabeautyXiShi,oneofthefourbeautiesinChinesehistory.ShewasYue’sministerFanLi’swife.ButshewassenttoWuasatoolofhoneytrap.第九页，共16页。ChineseAbacusWhenthewarcametoover,XiShiwentbackhomeanddecidedwithhishusbandtoleavethekingtodobusiness.Asaresult,theyearnedmuchmoney,butdon’tknowhowtocalculate.Accordingtothelegend,herhusbandFanLimadealotofclayballs.ThenXiShiputtheclayballsonbamboosticks,andeveryfiveballsmarkedanotation,inwhichwaytheycountclearly.AseveryoneknowsthatFanLi,alsocalledZhuGong,wasamillionaireinChineseshistory.第十页，共16页。ChineseAbacusAnotherlegendsaiditwasConfuciuswhoinventedtheabacus.Hiswifehelpedhimthreadbeadsonstring.SoactuallytheinventorofabacuswasConfucius’swife.However,asforthetwolegends,neitherofthemwasconvincing.第十一页，共16页。ChineseAbacus第十二页，共16页。ChineseAbacusThisisapieceoffamouspaintingcalledRiversideSceneatQingMingFestivalfromSongDynasty,fromwhichyoucanseeabacus.Therefore,atlatestabacusappearedintheendofTangDynasty,atleast1200-yearhistoryfromnow.第十三页，共16页。ChineseAbacusWhoinventedabacusrhymes?IntheMingDynasty,thereweresomanybusinessmeninHuiZhou.AndoneofthefamousbusinessmenwasChengDawei,whoinventedallthesystematicarithmeticofabacus.Atthattime,differentpeoplehaddifferentwaystocalculate,andabacuseshaddifferenttypes,4beads,5beadsor6beadsonastick.WhenChengDaweiwasmorethan40yearsold,withrichexperienceheunifiedtheabacus,justasitlookslikenowandthenmaketherhymes.Hewroteabookin1592AD,calledAlgorithmTongZong,includingalltheabacustechniques.Intheancienttimes,ifyouwanttodobusiness,youhavetobeginwithlearninghowtouseabacus.第十四页，共16页。ChineseAbacusHuizhoubusinessmanrespectabacushighly,andtheyhadmanytaboosaboutabacus:Firstlyyouhavetowashyourhandbeforeusingabacus.Secondlydon’tturntheabacusupsidedown,playingitaswheels.Thirdly