2018年6月英语六级真题试卷第2套

2018年6月英语六级真题试卷第2套PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For

this

part,

you

are

allowed

30

minutes

to

write

an

essay

on

theimportanceofbuildingtrustbetweenbusinessesandconsumers.

You

can

cite

examples

to

illustrate

yourviews.

you

should

write

at

least

150

words

but

no

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200

words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.Questions1to4arebasedtheconversationhaveheard.1.A)Sheadvocatesanimalprotection.B)Shesellsaspecialkindofcoffee.C)Shegoingtostartacaféchain.D)Sheistheownerofaspecialcafé.2.A)Theybearalotsimilarities.B)Theyareaprofitablebusinesssector.C)Theycatertodifferentcustomers.D)Theyhelptakecareofcustomers'pets.3.A)givingregularcleaninginjections.B)Byselectingbreedsthataretameandpeaceful.C)Byplacingthemasafedistancecustomers.D)Bybriefingcustomershowtoalongwiththem.4.A)Theywanttoaboutrabbits.B)Theyliketobringtheirchildren.C)Theytheanimalshercafé.D)Theygivehercaféfavoritereviews.Questions5to8arebasedtheconversationhaveheard.5.A)Itcontainstoomanyadditives.B)Ittheessentialvitamins.C)Itcancauseobesity.D)ismostlygarbage.6.A)Itsfancydesign.B)TVcommercials.C)Itstasteandtexture.D)influence.7.A)Investingheavilyintheproductionofsweetfoods.B)Marketingtheirproductswithordinaryingredients.C)Tryingtotrickchildrenintobuyingtheirproducts.D)Offeringchildrenmorevarietiestochoosefrom.8.A)Theyhardlyatevegetables.B)Theyseldomhadjunkfood.C)Theyfavoredchocolate-coatedsweets.D)TheytheadvertisedTV.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to12arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Stretchesoffarmland. C)Tombsofancientrulers.B) TypicalEgyptiananimalfarms. D)Ruinsleftbydevastatingfloods.10.A)Itprovideshabitatsformoreprimitivetribes.B)Itishardlyassociatedwithgreatcivilizations.C)Ithasnotyetbeenfullyexploredandexploited.D)Itgatherswaterfrommanytropicalruinforests.11.A)Itcarriesaboutonefifthoftheworld’sfreshwater.B)Ithasnumeroushumansettlementsalongitsbanks.C) ItissecondonlytotheMississippiRiverinwidth.D) ItisaslongastheNileandtheYangtzecombined.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Livingalifeinthefastlaneleadstosuccess.B) Wearealwaysinarushlodovariousthings.C) Thesearchfortranquilityhasbecomeatrend.D) Allofusactuallyyearnforaslowandcalmlife.13.A) ShehadtroublebalancingfamilyandworkB) Sheenjoyedthevarioussocialevents.C) Shewasaccustomedtotightschedules.D) Shespentallherleisuretimewritingbooks.14.A)Thepossibilityofruiningherfamily.B)Becomingawareofherdeclininghealth.C) Thefatiguefromlivingafast-pacedlife.D) Readingabookaboutslowingdown.15.A) Shestartedtofollowtheculturalnorms.B) Shecametoenjoydoingeverydaytasks.C) Shelearnedtousemorepoliteexpressions.D) Shestoppedusingto-dolistsandcalendars.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B)，C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theywillrootoutnativespeciesaltogether.B)Theycontributetoaregion'sbiodiversity.C)Theyposeathreattothelocalecosystem,D)Theywillcrossbreedwithnativespecies.17.A)Theirclassificationsaremeaningful.B)Theirinteractionsarehardtodefine.C)Theirdefinitionsarechangeable.D)Theirdistinctionsareartificial.18.A)Onlyafewofthemcauseproblemstonativespecies.B)Theymayturnouttobenefitthelocalenvironment.C)Fewofthemcansurviveintheirnewhabitats.D)Only10percentofthemcanbenaturalized.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Respecttheirtraditionalculture.B)Attendtheirbusinessseminars.C)Researchtheirspecificdemands.D)Adopttherightbusinessstrategies.20.A)Showingthemyourpalm.B)Givingthemgiftsofgreatvalue.C)Drinkingalcoholoncertaindaysofamonth.D)Clickingyourfingersloudlyintheirpresence.21.A)Theyareveryeasytosatisfy.B)Theyhaveastrongsenseofworth.C)Theytendtobefriendlyandenthusiastic.Theyhaveabreakfrom2:00to5:30p.mTheyhaveabreakfrom2:00to5:30p.mQuestions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Hecompletelychangedthecompany'sculture.B)Hecollectedpaintingsbyworld-famousartists.C)HetookoverthesalesdepartmentofReader’sDigest.D)Hehadthecompany'sboardroomextensivelyrenovated.23.A)Itshouldbesoldatareasonableprice.B)Itsarticlesshouldbeshortandinspiring.C)Itshouldbepublishedintheworld'sleadinglanguages.D)Itsarticlesshouldentertainblue-andpink-collarworkers.24.A)Heknewhowtomakethemagazineprofitable.B)Heservedasachurchministerformanyyears.C)Hesufferedmanysetbacksandmisfortunesinhislife.D)Hetreatedtheemployeeslikemembersofhisfamily.25.A)Itcarriedmanymoreadvertisements.B)GeorgeGrunejoineditasanadsalesman.C)Severalhundredofitsemployeesgotfired.D)Itssubscriptionsincreasedconsiderably.PartⅢ ReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.DidSarahJosephaHalewrite"Mary'sLittleLamb"，theeternalnurseryrhyme(儿歌）aboutagirlnamedMarywithastubbornlamb?Thisisstilldisputed,butit'sclearthatthewoman(26)_______forwritingitwasoneofAmerica'smostfascinating(27)_______.Inhonorofthepoem'spublicationonMay24,1830,here'smoreaboutthe(28)_______author'slife.Halewasn’tjustawriter,shewasalsoa(29)_______socialadvocate,andshewasparticularly(30)_______withanidealNewEngland,whichsheassociatedwithabundantThanksgivingmealsthatsheclaimedhad"adeepmoralinfluence".Shebegananationwide(31)_______tohaveanationalholidaydeclaredthatwouldbringfamiliestogetherwhilecelebratingthe(32)_______festivals.In1863,after17yearsofadvocacyincludingletterstofivepresidents,Halegotit.PresidentAbrahamLincoln,duringtheCivilWar,issueda(33)_______settingasidethelastThursdayinNovemberfortheholiday.Thetrueauthorshipof"Mary'sLittleLamb"isdisputed.AccordingtotheNewEnglandHistoricalSociety,Halewroteonlypartofthepoem,butclaimedauthorship.Regardlessoftheauthor,itseemsthatthepoemwas(34)_______byarealevent.WhenyoungMarySawyerwasfollowedtoschoolbyalambin1816，itcausedsomeproblems.AbystandernamedJohnRoulstonewroteapoemabouttheevent,then,atsomepoint,Haleherselfseemstohavehelpedwriteit.However,ifa1916piecebyhergreat-nieceistobetrusted,Haleclaimedforthe(35)_______ofherlifethat“someotherpeoplepretendedthatsomeoneelsewrotethepoem”.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)campaignB)careerC)charactersD)featuresE)fierceF)inspiredG)latterH)obsessedI)proclamationJ)rectifiedK)reputedL)restM) supposedN)traditionalO)versatileSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.GrowPlantsWithoutWater[A]Eversincehumanitybegantofarmourownfood，we'vefacedtheunpredictablerainthatisbothfriendandenemy.Itcomesandgoeswithoutmuchwarning,andafieldoflush(茂盛leafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientrainleafygreensoneyearcandryupandblowawaythenext.Foodsecurityandfortunesdependonsufficientrain,andnowheremoresothaninAfrica,where96%offarmlanddependsonraininsteadoftheirrigationcommoninmoredevelopedplaces.Ithasconsequences:SouthAfricasongoingdrought—theworstinthreedecades一willcostatleastaquarterofitscorncropthisyear.[B]BiologistJillFarrantoftheUniversityofCapeTowninSouthAfricasaysthatnaturehasplentyofanswersforpeoplewhowanttogrowcropsinplaceswithunpredictablerainfall.Sheishardatworkfindingawaytotaketraitsfromrarewildplantsthatadapttoextremedryweatherandusetheminfoodcrops.Astheearth'sclimatechangesandrainfallbecomesevenlesspredictableinsomeplaces,thoseanswerswillgrowevenmorevaluable.ThetypeoffarmingI'maimingforisliterallysothatpeoplecansurviveasit'sgoingtogetmoreandmoredry,"Farrantsays.[C]Extremeconditionsproduceextremelytoughplants.IntherustyreddesertsofSouthAfrica,steep-sidedrockyhillscalledinselbergsrearupfromtheplainslikethebonesoftheearth.Thehillsareremnantsofanearliergeologicalera,scrapedbareofmostsoilandexposedtotheelements.Yetontheseandsimilarformationsindesertsaroundtheworld,afewfierceplantshaveadaptedtoendureunderever-changingconditions.[D]Farrantcallsthemresurrectionplants(复苏植物）.Duringmonthswithoutwaterunderaharshsun,theywither,shrinkandcontractuntiltheylooklikeapileofdeadgrayleaves.Butrainfallcanrevivetheminamatterofhours.Hertime-lapse(间歇性拍摄的）videosoftherevivalslooklikesomeoneplayingatapeoftheplant'sdeathinreverse.[E]Thebigdifferencebetween"drought-tolerant"plantsandthesetoughplants:metabolism.Manydifferentkindsofplantshavedevelopedtacticstoweatherdryspells.Someplantsstorereservesofwatertoseethemthroughadrought；otherssendrootsdeepdowntosubsurfacewatersupplies.Butoncetheseplantsuseuptheirstoredreserveortapouttheundergroundsupply,theyceasegrowingandstarttodie.Theymaybeabletohandleadroughtofsomelength,andmanypeopleusetheterm"droughttolerant"todescribesuchplants,buttheyneveractuallystopneedingtoconsumewater,soFarrantpreferstocallthemdroughtresistant.[F]Resurrectionplants,definedasthosecapableofrecoveringfromholdinglessthan0.1gramsofwaterpergramofdrymass,aredifferent.Theylackwater-storingstructures,andtheirexistenceonrockfacespreventsthemfromtappinggroundwater,sotheyhaveinsteaddevelopedtheabilitytochangetheirmetabolism.Whentheydetectanextendeddryperiod,theydiverttheirmetabolismsproducingsugarsandcertainstress-associatedproteinsandothermaterialsintheirtissuesAstheplantdries,theseresourcestakeonfirstthepropertiesofhoney,thenrubber,andfinallyenteraglass-likestatethatis"themoststablestatethattheplantcanmaintain"，FarrantsaysThatslowstheplant'smetabolismandprotectsitsdried-outtissues.TheplantsalsochangeshapeshrinkingtominimizethesurfaceareathroughwhichtheirremainingwatermightevaporateTheycanrecoverfrommonthsandyearswithoutwater,dependingonthespecies.[G]Whatelsecandothisdry-out-and-revivetrick?Seeds—almostallofthem.Atthestartofhercareer,Farrantstudied"recalcitrantseeds(顽拗性种子）''，suchasavocados,coffeeandlychee.Whiletasty,suchseedsaredelicate—theycannotbudandgrowiftheydryout(asyoumaknowifyou'veevertriedtogrowatreefromanavocadopit).Intheseedworld,thatmakesthemrare,becausemostseedsfromfloweringplantsarequiterobust.Mostseedscanwaitoutthedry,unwelcomingseasonsuntilconditionsarerightandtheysprout(发芽）.Yetoncetheystartgrowing,suchplantsseemnottoretaintheabilitytohitthepausebuttononmetabolismintheirstemsorleaves.[H]AftercompletingherPh.D.onseeds,Farrantbeganinvestigatingwhetheritmightbepossibletoisolatethepropertiesthatmakemostseedssoresilient(迅速恢复活力的）andtransferthemtootherplanttissues.WhatFarrantandothershavefoundoverthepasttwodecadesisthattherearemanygenesinvolvedinresurrectionplants'responsetodryness.Manyofthemarethesamethatregulatehowseedsbecomedryness-tolerantwhilestillattachedtotheirparentplants.Nowtheyaretryingtofigureoutwhatmolecularsignalingprocessesactivatethoseseed-buildinggenesinresurrectionplants—andhowtoreproducethemincrops.Mostgenesareregulatedbyamastersetofgenes,''Farrantsays."We'relookingatgenepromotersandwhatwouldbetheirmasterswitch.''[I]OnceFarrantandhercolleaguesfeeltheyhaveabettersenseofwhichswitchestothrow，theywillhavetofindthebestwaytodosoinusefulcrops."I'mtryingthreemethodsofbreeding,"Farrantsays:conventional,geneticmodificationandgeneediting.Shesayssheisawarethatplentyofpeopledonotwanttoeatgeneticallymodifiedcrops,butsheispushingaheadwitheveryavailabletooluntiloneworks.Farmersandconsumersalikecanchoosewhetherornottousewhicheverversionprevails:"I'mgivingpeopleanoption."[J]Farrantandothersintheresurrectionbusinessgottogetherlastyeartodiscussthebestspeciesofresurrectionplanttouseasalabmodel.Justlikemedicalresearchersuseratstotestideasforhumanmedicaltreatments,botanistsuseplantsthatarerelativelyeasytogrowinalaborgreenhousesettingtotesttheirideasforrelatedspecies.TheQueenslandrockvioletisoneofthebeststudiedresurrectionplantssofar,withadraftgenome(基因图谱）publishedlastyearbyaChineseteam.Alsolastyear,Farrantandcolleaguespublishedadetailedmolecularstudyofanothercandidate,Xerophytaviscosa,atough-as-nailSouthAfricanplantwithlily-likeflowers,andshesaysthatagenomeisontheway.Oneorbothofthesemodelswillhelpresearcherstesttheirideas一sofarmostlydoneinthelab—ontestplots.[K]Understandingthebasicsciencefirstiskey.Therearegoodreasonswhycropplantsdonotusedrynessdefensesalready.Forinstance,there'sahighenergycostinswitchingfromaregularmetabolismtoanalmost-no-watermetabolism.Itwillalsobenecessarytounderstandwhatsortofyieldfarmersmightexpectandtoestablishtheplant'ssafety."Theyieldisnevergoingtobehigh，"Farrantsays,sotheseplantswillbetargetednotatIowafarmerstryingtosqueezemorecashoutofhigh-yieldfields,butsubsistencefarmerswhoneedhelptosurviveadroughtlikethepresentoneinSouthAfrica."Myvisionisforthesubsistencefarmer,"Farrantsays."I，mtargetingcropsthatareofAfricanvalue."注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。36.Thereareacoupleofplantstoughandadaptableenoughtosurviveonbarerockyhillsandindeserts.37.Farrantistryingtoisolategenesinresurrectionplantsandreproducethemincrops.38.FarmersinSouthAfricaaremoreatthemercyofnature,especiallyinconsistentrainfall.39.Resurrectioncropsaremostlikelytobethechoiceofsubsistencefarmers.40.Eventhoughmanyplantshavedevelopedvarioustacticstocopewithdryweather,theycannotsurviveaprolongeddrought.41.Despiteconsumerresistance,researchersarepushingaheadwithgeneticmodificationofcrops.42.Mostseedscanpullthroughdryspellsandbegingrowingwhenconditionsareripe,butoncethisprocessstarts,itcannotbeheldback.43.Farrantisworkinghardtocultivatefoodcropsthatcansurviveextremedrynessbystudyingthetraitsofrarewildplants.44.Byadjustingtheirmetabolism,resurrectionplantscanrecoverfromanextendedperiodofdrought.45.Resurrectionplantscancomebacktolifeinashorttimeafterarainfall.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Humanmemoryisnotoriouslyunreliable.Evenpeoplewiththesharpestfacial-recognitionskillscanonlyremembersomuch.It’stoughtoquantifyhowgoodapersonisatremembering.Noonereallyknowshowmanydifferentfacessomeonecanrecall,forexample,butvariousestimatestendtohoverinthethousands—basedonthenumberofacquaintancesapersonmighthave.Machinesaren'tlimitedthisway.Givetherightcomputeramassivedatabaseoffaces,anditcanprocesswhatitsees—thenrecognizeafaceit'stoldtofind—withremarkablespeedandprecision.Thisskilliswhatsupportstheenormouspromiseoffacial-recognitionsoftwareinthe21stcentury.It'salsowhatmakescontemporarysurveillancesystemssoscary.Thethingis,machinesstillhavelimitationswhenitcomestofacialrecognition.Andscientistsareonlyjustbeginningtounderstandwhatthoseconstraintsare.Tobegintofigureouthowcomputersarestruggling,researchersattheUniversityofWashingtoncreatedamassivedatabaseoffaces—theycallitMegaFace—andtestedavarietyoffacial-recognitionalgorithms(算法）astheyscaledupincomplexity.Theideawastotestthemachinesonadatabasethatincludedupto1milliondifferentimagesofnearly700,000differentpeople—andnotjustalargedatabasefeaturingarelativelysmallnumberofdifferentfaces,moreconsistentwithwhat’sbeenusedinotherresearch.Asthedatabasesgrew,machineaccuracydippedacrosstheboard.Algorithmsthatwereright95%ofthetimewhentheyweredealingwitha13,000-imagedatabase,forexample,wereaccurateabout70%ofthetimewhenconfrontedwith1millionimages.That'sstillprettygood,saysoneoftheresearchers,IraKemelmacher-Shlizerman."Muchbetterthanweexpected,"shesaid.Machinesalsohaddifficultyadjustingforpeoplewholookalotalike—eitherdoppelgangers(长相极相似的人），whomthemachinewouldhavetroubleidentifyingastwoseparatepeople,orthesamepersonwhoappearedindifferentphotosatdifferentagesorindifferentlighting,whomthemachinewouldincorrectlyviewasseparatepeople."Oncewescaleup,algorithmsmustbesensitivetotinychangesinidentitiesandatthesametimeinvarianttolighting,pose,age,"Kemelmacher-Shlizermansaid.Thetroubleis,formanyoftheresearcherswho’dliketodesignsystemstoaddressthesechallenges,massivedatasetsforexperimentationjustdon’texist—atleast,notinformatsthatareaccessibletoacademicresearchers.TrainingsetsliketheonesGoogleandhaveareprivate.Therearenopublicdatabasesthatcontainmillionsoffaces.MegaFace'screatorssayit’sthelargestpubliclyavailablefacial-recognitiondatasetoutthere."Anultimatefacerecognitionalgorithmshouldperformwithbillionsofpeopleinadataset,"theresearcherswrote.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。46.Comparedwithhumanmemory,machinescan_______.A)identifyhumanfacesmoreefficientlyB)tellafriendfromamereacquaintanceC)storeanunlimitednumberofhumanfacesD)perceiveimagesinvisibletothehumaneye47.WhydidresearcherscreateMegaFace?A)Toenlargethevolumeofthefacial-recognitiondatabase.B)Toincreasethevarietyoffacial-recognitionsoftware.C)Tounderstandcomputers'problemswithfacialrecognition.D)Toreducethecomplexityoffacial-recognitionalgorithms.48.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutmachineaccuracy?A)Itfallsshortofresearchers’expectations.B)Itimproveswithaddedcomputingpower.C)Itvariesgreatlywithdifferentalgorithms.D)Itdecreasesasthedatabasesizeincreases.49.Whatissaidtobeashortcomingoffacial-recognitionmachines?A)Theycannoteasilytellapartpeoplewithnear-identicalappearances.B)Theyhavedifficultyidentifyingchangesinfacialexpressions.C)Theyarenotsensitivetominutechangesinpeople'smood.D)Theyhaveproblemsdistinguishingpeopleofthesameage.50.Whatisthedifficultyconfrontingresearchersoffacial-recognitionmachines?A)Nocomputerisyetabletohandlehugedatasetsofhumanfaces.B)Theredonotexistpublicdatabaseswithsufficientfacesamples.C)Therearenoappropriatealgorithmstoprocessthefacesamples.D)Theyhavetroubleconvertingfacedatasetsintotherightformat.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.There’recurrently21.5millionstudentsinAmerica，andmanywillbefundingtheircollegeonborrowedmoney.Giventhatthere'snowover$1.3trillioninstudentloansonthebooks,it'sprettyclearthatmanystudentsarefarfromsensible.Theaveragestudent’sdebtupongraduationnowapproaches$40,000,andascollegebecomesevermoreexpensive,callstomakeit"free"aremultiplying.EvenHillaryClintonsaysthatwhenitcomestocollege，"Costswon'tbeabarrier."Buttheonlywaycollegecouldbefreeisifthefacultyandstaffdonatedtheirtime,thebuildingsrequirednomaintenance,andcampusesrequirednoutilities.Aslongasit’simpossibletoproducesomethingfromnothing,costsareabsolutelyabarrier.Theactualquestionwedebateiswhoshouldpayforpeopletogotocollege.Iftaxpayersaretobearthecostofforgivingstudentloans,shouldn'ttheyhaveasayinhowtheirmoneyisused?Atleasttaxpayersshouldbeabletodecidewhatstudentswillstudyonthepublicdime.Ifwe'regoingtoforcetaxpayerstofootthebillforcollegedegrees,studentsshouldonlystudythosesubjectsthat'reofgreatestbenefittotaxpayers.Afterall,studentsmakingtheirownchoicesinthisrespectiswhatcausedtheprobleminthefirstplace.Wesimplydon'tneedmorepoetry,genderstudies,orsociologymajors.Howdoweknowwhichsubjectsbenefitsociety?Easy.Averagestartingsalariesgiveaclearindicationofwhattypeoftrainingsocietyneedsitsnewworkerstohave.Certainly,there’rebenefitstoacollegemajorbeyondthejobastudentcanperform.Butifwe'retalkingaboutthebenefitstosociety,theonlythingthatmattersiswhatthemajorenablesthestudenttoproduceforsociety.Andthevalueofwhatthestudentcanproduceisreflectedinthewageemployersarewillingtopaythestudenttoproduceit.Alowwageforelementaryschoolteachers,however,doesn’tmeanelementaryeducationisn'timportant.It