计算机英语复习资料

.2指令指令系统，指令集处理器操作，操作码，操作指令1.2指令指令系统，指令集处理器操作，操作码，操作指令操作数寄存器时钟兆赫控制器，控制部件译码，解码算术/逻辑部件字长机器语言1.1计算机信息处理硬件软件程序通用计算机专用计算机指令指令集，指令系统输入设备输出设备输入/输出主存储器中央处理器总线微型计算机小型计算机主机台式计算机个人计算机操作系统磁盘数字视盘光盘只读存储器键盘鼠标声频的，声音的i接口外围，外围设备监视，监视器复位1.31.3存储器层次结构高速缓冲存储器，高速缓存芯片单片高速缓存硅片磁盘主存储器页式虚拟存储器随机（访问）存储器只读存储器引导，启动，自举只读光盘磁盘驱动器软磁盘一次写，多次读磁带寄存器组潜伏时间，等待时间页帧实存储器动态随机存储器基准测试程序易天性激光存储器1.41.4等待时间相关，相干带宽直接存储器存取调制解调器信道，同道硬盘输入输出系统代码转换缓冲程序控制累加器协处理器外围，外围设备存储器映射I/O中断位模式通路，路径装入，加载多处理器同步化1.5总线同步的异步的分散式（的）分布式（的）优先级菊花链轮询外围部件互连（总线）适配器定时，同步专用总线通用总线共享（频）带宽（度）2.1作业管理资源管理作业队列输入输出控制系统批处理系统分时操作系统脱机操作实时系统缓冲技术假脱机系统多道程序设计2.3一种计算机操作系统并发地终端多用户多任务作业内核接口程序设计（编程）语言后台系统调用解释程序文件重定向设备无关的外壳（程序）、命令解释程序公用授权协议以Linux命名的操作系统源代码可移植的UNIX系统一个自由软件组织4.1计算机网络网络体系结构协议开放系统互连参考模型传输控制协议/互联网协议信道帧分组，包报文，消息无连接的面向连接的用户数据报协议数据通信资源共享数据格式分层次的物理媒体（介质）国际标准化组织)（美国）国防部行业标准传输层，运输层网络层应用层端对端，终点到终点字节流虚拟终端4.2局域网客户服务器(方式)对等(方式)集线器交换机拓扑(结构)星型拓扑以太(局域)网随机地载波侦听多路访问/冲突检测非屏蔽双绞线同轴电缆网络接口卡(网卡)多端口网桥路由器专用集成电路千兆位以太网光纤光纤分布式数据接口异步转移(传输)模式无线局域网工业、科学和医药频段跳频扩频直序扩频码分多址媒体访问控制)无线应用协议蜂窝电话寻呼机无线网桥租用线4.3广域网分组交换网优先级代码源地址目的地址数据报虚电路交换式虚电路永久式虚电路多路复用租用线(路)网帧中继客户设备接入线端口路由，路径主干网,骨干网干线,[局内]中继线,信息通路7.1程序设计语言指令操作码操作数助记的符号地址汇编程序，汇编器源程序目标程序高级语言宏指令编译程序，编译器选择结构循环结构机器语言编址，寻址7.3结构化语言面向对象程序设计编译器（程序）类可视化C++一种面向对象的程序设计语言包装，封装数据隐藏继承性多态性可移植的美国国家标准学会超类框架，构架，架构平台运行时间，运行时，运行期公共语言运行时公共语言规范库NET架构类库图形用户接口积木式部件8.2需求分析背景研究商业，事业，事务记账系统，会计制表系统记账服务（程序）（软件）包可行性背景，后台8.3软件设计流程图设计描述语言程序设计系统文件结构软件测试编码数据流程图案例算法数据结构模块测试单元测试边界条件综合测试，集成测试功能测试性能测试调试，排错程序模块8.4软件维护远程通信协议环境交换模式(自)适应，适配升级，提高改型，变形，修改预算进化清晰度，明确（性）模块性，积木性源代码交叉参考配置多选（10分作业原题）1.3(1)Cacheisa.fastb.Slowc.relativelysmalld.highcost(2)InformationstoredinsemiconductorRAMis.a.permanentb.Nonpermanenc.volatiled.nonvolatile(3)Weusepagedvirtualmemoryto.a.extendthesizeofmemoryb.increasebandwidthofthediskc.reducelatencyofthediskd.storelargeprogramanddataset(4)Wereaddataonthediskby.a.detectingthemagnetizedspotsrandomlyb.writingthemagnetizedspotsc.detectingthemagnetizedspotssequentiallyd.movingtheread/writehead(5)Thethreedesiderataofmemorysystemare.a.independentb.exclusivec.closelyapproximatedtodayd.lessapproximatedtomorrow(6)Theprocessorperformancewouldbehighaswereferenceinstructionsanddatafromb,d.a.harddiskb.Cachec.floppydiskd.memory(7)Pageframeisusedina.realmemoryb.virtualmemoryc.diskd.cache(8)Inordertoincreaseourcomputer’sperformanceweneedto,a.haveaL2cacheb.buyaL2cachc.haveamuchlargermainmemoryd.buyaL1cache4.31.AWideAreaNetworkcan..a.coverawidegeographicalareab.linktwoormoreLANsc.linktwoLANsonlyd.becreatedbyindividualusers2.AccordingtotheflowofinformationonatransmissionfacilitywecancategorizeWANIntoa,b,dnetwork.a.circuitswitchedb.packetswitchec.localaread.Leased.line3.Inpacketswitchednetworksdatasendin.a.byteb.Piecesc.framed.packet4.Themostimportantitemscontainedinapacketshouldbe.a.datatobetransmittedb.headerofthepackec.tailofthepacketd.date5.Thepopularapproachesweusedinthepacketswitchednetworkare.a.circuitswitchingb.datagramc.virtualcircuitd.realcircuit6.Inthedatagrammodewhendatagramsarriveattheirdestination,thedatagramsa.maybeoutoforderb.mustbeinorderc.shouldbereorderedd.maylose7.Inthevirtualcircuitmodeallpacketssentbyauseratatimebelongto.a.amessageb.asessionc.differentmessagesd.differentsessions8.Maincharacteristicsoftheleasedlinenetworksare.a.thelineisprivatefortheuserb.theuserhashimselfinter-exchangec.veryshortresponsetimed.theusercomputerisalwaysphysicallyconnectedtotheline9.Atypicalframerelaynetworkhas.a.sevencomponentsb.fivecomponentsc.sixcomponentsd.fivemajorphysicalcomponentsandone"virtual"components10.Routerhasthefollowingname.a.ARPANETb.IMP(InterfaceMessageProcessor)c.Gatewayd.IS(IntermediateSystem)11.InFig.4-6aroutercreatesalogicalpathbetweennetworks,thesenetworksinclude.a.FDDIb.TokenBusc.TokenRingd.Ethernet12.Encapsulationisusedherefordatadeliveringon.a.thecircuitswitchingb.thephysicalpathc.theanalogcircuitd.thelogicalpath7.31.Clanguagepossessesbestfeaturesof.a.astructuredhigh-levellanguageb.codingrelativelyeasyc.usingcomputerresourcesefficientlyd.anassemblylanguage2.C++includethefollowingpillars:.a.encapsulationb.datahidingc.inheritanced.polymorphism3.Encapsulationis.a.derivedfromdatahidingb.aself-containedunitc.usedtoaccomplishdatahidingd.SupportedbyC++4.ClassesinC++.a.areuser-definedtypesb.canbeusedtosupportencapsulationc.actasafullyencapsulatedentityd.canbeusedtosupportdatahiding5.Anewtypeininheritance.a.isasubclassb.canbederivedfromanexistingtypec.can’tbecalledaderivedtyped.canbedeclared6.PolymorphisminC++.a.meansthesamenametakingmanyformsb.supportsdifferentobjectsdo"therightthing"c.hasfunctionpolymorphismd.hasclasspolymorphism7.C++cedure-orientedc.extendedfromCd.asupersetofC8.Theactualinnerworkingsoftheclass.a.shouldnotbehiddenb.shouldbehiddenc.likea"blackbox"d.don’tlikea"blackbox"9.C#isa.ahybridofCandC++b.developedtocompeteindirectlywithSun’sJavalanguagec.designedtoimproveproductivityfordevelopingWebapplicationsd.asimplifiedandmoremodernversionofC++10.InC#thefollowingthingsarebelongtoobjects.a.Adatahavingsimplenumericaltypeb.windows,buttonsandsoonc."free-floating"functionsd.mainmethod11.C#nouncedas"Csharp"b.partofanintegratedapplicationdevelopmentframeworkc.OOfromthegroundupd.free12.MS’s.NETFvidesahighdegreeofinteroperabilitybetweenthelanguagesitsupports13.CLRis.a.anabbreviationofCommonLanguageRuntimeb.acoreelementofthe.NETFrameworkc.responsiblefortheruntimemanagementofaC#programd.responsibleforloadingyourC#program14..NETFrameworkcansupport.a.C#b.C++c.VBd.JavaScript15.CLSa.definesacommonsetoftypesb.supportssomelanguages,suchasC++,C#,VBandJScriptc.allowsdevelopertonon-seamlesslyintegrateC#codewithcodewritteninanyoftheother.NETlanguagesd.canguaranteeevery.NETlanguagetoberecognized16.FCL.videsalmostallofthecommonfunctionalityneededtodevelopapplicationsontheWindowsplatformc.canhelpyoutofindalotofprogrammingworkthathasalreadybeendoneforyoud.isanabbreviationof.NETFrameworkClassLibrary选词填空（20分作业原题*20个）(1)Acomputersystemsolvesaproblemby(2)Theamountofeffectiveworkofacomputercanbeindicatedbydirectly.(3)Computersystemsconsistof.(4)Computerthatcansolveonlyonekindofproblemisa.(5)Computerthatcansolvemanydifferentkindsofproblemsisa.(6)instructthehardware.(7)isdifficultandexpensivetochange.(8)Weusuallyshowthecomputercomponentsina.a.generalpurposemachineb.hardwarec.acceptinginput,processingproblem,andproducingoutputd.blockdiagrame.softwaref.storagesizeg.specialpurposemachineh.hardwareandsoftware1.2(1)Weusuallycallourcomputers.(2)Aninstructionsetcansometimesbereferredtoas.(3)Thebinarylanguageiscalledi.(4)Wedon’tconfusetheprocessor’sinstructionsetwiththeinstructionsof.(5)Aninstructionconsistsof.(6)Anoperandthatreferstodatainthememoryiscalledan.(7)Atimercangivepreciselytimed.(8)Aprocessorincludestwofunctionalunits,theyare.(9)Thewaysbywhichthecontrolunitworksareanalogousto.(10)Thecontrolunittakesoutthefrommemory.a.addressb.High-levelprogramminglanguagesc.instructionsd.machinese.electricalsignalsf.machineinstructionsg.atelephoneswitchboardwithintelligenceh.operationsandoperandsi.machinelanguagej.controlunitandALU1.3(1)Therearethreedesideratainthememorysystem,theyare.(2)EvenwiththehighspeedDRAMasrealmemory,thehighperformanceprocessorsstillhavetheproblem.(3)AmicrocomputerhasabuiltinROMchip,itiscalledsometimes.(4)ItemsstoredinRAMcanbeaccessedbotheasilyandin.(5)Magneticdiskhastwotypes,theyare.(6)CD-ROMisabbreviatedfrom.(7)detectsorwritesmagnetizedspotsontheironoxidecoatingofthetape.(8)ThelocationsofaRAMaremaintainedby.(9)TheclosestmemorytotheCPUiscalledas.(10)Theprocessoraddressesthediskwith.a.ROMBIOSb.thecontrolunitc.CompactDiskROMd.size,speedandcost.e.virtualmemoryf.anyorder(randomly)g.L1cacheh.latencyi.read/writeheadj.harddisksandfloppydisks2.1Bufferingcanoverlap.Operatingsystemsshouldmeetcertainspecificstandardsasmoderncomputerhardware’s.(3)Themaintaskofthejobmanagementis.(4)Inordertocreatethejobqueuetheoperatingsystemshould.(5)Ifmorethanonejobrequiretobeprocessedtheoperatingsystemshould.(6)Batchsystemsautomatejobsequencingbya.(7)allowedtheCPUtooverlaptheI/Ooperationwiththecomputation.(8)Timesharingcanbegotby.(9)areotheroperatingsystemtypes.(10)Tomonitorthedevicesbeingusedtheoperatingsystemestablishesatableinwhichprogramsarematchedagainst.4.21.Localareanetworkisanetworkthatconnects.2.MostLANsareofmode.3.SductdominatestheLANworldtoday.5.InLANwehavetwoaccessmethods,theyare.6.CSMA/CDstandsfor.7.The100Base-TEthernethasatopology.8.Switchesarebasicallymulti-port.9.Switchworkingatlayer2usestheaddress.10.Abridgecanwhichaddressresideoneachofitsports.11.Usingswitcheswecandividethenetworkintoanumberof.12.TheGigabitEthernetisdevelopedbasedonthesuccessesof.13.IEEE802.11standardusestechniques.14.IEEE802.11aisdesignedfor.15.WAPisusedforaccessingWebpagesby.a.starb.5GHzc.learnd.theclient-serverorpeer-to-peere.Ethernetandfiber-opticcommunicationsf.mobilephonesg.geographicallycloseresourcesh.Etherneti.segmentsj.CDMA,FHSSandDSSSk.randomlyorinadeterministicorderl.LANsm.MACn.CarrierSenseMultipleAccess/CollisionDetectiono.bridges5.1(1)isalargenetworkofInternetservers.(2)isthelargestglobalinternetworks.(3)isthelandmarkpacketswitchingnetwork.(4)GUIisabbreviatedfrom.(5)Manybusinesscorrespondencesaretransferredvia.(6)IEisproducedby.(7)WeaccessaWebpagebyusinga.(8)Wecanusethetosendorreceivearbitrarilylargefiles.(9)Manyleading-edgenetworktechnologiescomefrom.(10)isastandardterminalemulationprotocol.a.electronicmailb.Telnetc.WWWd.GraphicalUserInterfacee.Internetcommunityf.Internetg.URLh.Microsoftcorp.i.FTPj.ARPAnet阅读（20分8.4通篇）翻译（30分旧版本（可能））1.2Aninstructionismadeupofoperationsthatspecifythefunctiontobeperformedandoperandsthatrepresentthedatatobeoperatedon.Forexample,ifaninstructionistoperformtheoperationofadding