第五节-植物的光形态建成-植物生理学课件

第五节植物的光形态建成光形态建成的概念(photomorphogenesis)向光色素(phototropin)隐花色素(cryptochrome)光敏素(phytochrome)避荫反应（shadeavoidance）第五节植物的光形态建成光形态建成的概念(photomorp1

自然界中的光Wavelength(nanometers)700600500400

自然界中的光Wavelength(nanometers)2第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件3第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件4植物的光形态建成（photomorphogenesis）植物的光形态建成（photomorphogenesis）5Light-grownArabidopsisLight-grownArabidopsis6第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件7EtiolatedcharacteristicsDe-etiolatedcharacteristicsDistinct"apicalhook"(dicot)orcoleoptile(monocot)NoleafgrowthNochlorophyllRapidstemelongation

LimitedradialexpansionofstemLimitedrootelongation

Limitedproductionoflateralroots

ApicalhookopensorcoleoptilesplitsopenLeafgrowthpromoted

ChlorophyllproducedStemelongationsuppressed

RadialexpansionofstemRootelongationpromoted

Lateralrootdevelopmentaccelerated

EtiolatedcharacteristicsDe-et8LightControlsPhotosynthesisRateofGrowthDirectionofGrowthPigmentationFloweringFruitingLeafFallOnsetofDormancyLightControlsPhotosynthesis9光敏素隐花色素向光蛋白光敏素隐花色素向光蛋白10第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件11Phototropins

向光素Phototropins

向光素12第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件13拟南芥的phot突变体拟南芥的phot突变体14第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件15拟南芥的phot突变体拟南芥的phot突变体16PHOT1andPHOT2mediate

bluelight-dependentstomatalopeningKinoshitaetal.2001Nature:414,656PHOT1andPHOT2mediate

blue17PhototropinproteinscontaintwoLOV(Light,Ogen,Voltagesensitive)domainsandadownstreamserine/threoninekinase.ThechromophoreisaFlavinmononucleotide(FMN)whichisnon-covalentlyboundwithineachLOVdomain.Phototropinproteinscontain18第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件19SchematicillustrationoftheLOVandkinasedomainsofphototropininlight-inducedphosphorylation.

(a)Inthedark,thephosphorylationactivityofthekinasedomainofphototropinisinhibitedbythebindingoftheLOV2domain.(b)Underlightconditions,thephosphorylationactivityofthekinaseisinducedbythereleaseoftheLOV2domain.

Volume9,Issue5,October2006,Pages503-508

Schematicillustrationofthe20第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件21Cryptochromes隐花色素http://./Research/cryptochrome/Cryptochromes隐花色素http://.ks.ui22Cryptochromeandtheavian"pass"Cryptochromeandtheavian"pa23TheHY4genemaydefineabluelightphotoreceptor

CRYPTOCHROME1(CRY1)TheHY4genemaydefineablue24Phenotypesofcry2mutantcyr2islatefloweringunderlongdayconditionsPhenotypesofcry2mutantcyr225ThestructureofcryptochromesThestructureofcryptochromes26Cryptochromecontrolleddeetiolation.InArabidopsis,cry1andcry2regulatemostoftheblue-light-specificdevelopmentalprograms.Shownareonlyphenotypiceffectsduringdeetiolationcausedbymutationsincry1orcry2.Arabidopsiswildtype(WT)andphotoreceptormutantsgrownfor3daysindarkness(D),whitelight(WL)orcontinuousbluelightof30µmolm-2s-1(highblue,HB)or1µmolm2s1(lowblue,LB),respectivelygivenfromthetop.Inwildtypeseedlings,hypocotylgrowthisinhibitedbybluelightwhereasopeningofthehypocotylhookandcotyledonopeningandexpansionispromotedbybluelight.HBismoreefficientthanLB.Thelackofcry1(cry1)ismostevidentunderHBconditions,whereasthelackofcry2(cry2)beesmoreevidentunderLBconditions,whichisseeninparticularforthedoublemutant(cry1/cry2)(takenfromBatschaueretal.,2007).Cryptochromecontrolleddeetio27第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件28http://./content/102/34/12270.full.pdf+htmlhttp://./content/102/329Phytochrome

光敏素Phytochrome

光敏素30不同波长的光对莴苣种子发芽的影响不同波长的光对莴苣31莴苣种子发芽的作用光谱莴苣种子发芽的作用光谱32LettuceseedgerminationisatypicalphotoreversibleresponsecontrolledbyphytochromeLettuceseedgerminationisa33影響‘GrandRapid’萵苣種子發芽的光可逆性照射程序發芽率(%)無(黑暗對照組)14#4*R7098R-Fr

62R-Fr-R7497R-Fr-R-Fr60R-Fr-R-Fr-R7695R-Fr-R-Fr-R-Fr71R-Fr-R-Fr-R-Fr-R8198R-Fr-R-Fr-R-Fr-R-Fr7.#：Tooleetal.,1953(發芽溫度27℃)

*：BewleyandBlack,1982。(發芽溫度24℃，640-680nm的紅光，0.9W/m2，每次照1.5min；>710nm的遠紅光，2.9W/m2，每次照4min)影響‘GrandRapid’萵苣種子發芽的光可逆性照射程序34Photoreversibility:

adistinctivefeatureofphytochromePhotoreversibility:

adistinc35chromophoreapoproteinholoproteinchromophoreapoproteinholoprote36SteroStructureofPhytochromeSteroStructure37第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件38Chromophorestructure15105Chromophorestructure1510539PfrPrtransisomercisisomerStructureconversionofthe

chromophore(phytochromobilin)PfrPrtransisomercisisomerStr40光敏素蛋白的两种构象模型PfrPr光敏素蛋白的两种构象模型PfrPr41PhytochromeisencodedbyamultigenefamilyPhyA→

responsestoFRPhyB→

responsestoRorwhitelightPre-dominantformsHaveuniquerolesinregulatingresponsestoredandfar-redPhytochromeisencodedbyamu42PhytochromesindifferentspeciesArabidopsis:PHYA,PHYB,PHYC,PHYD,PHYETomato:PHYA,PHYB1,PHYB2,PHYE,PHYFCottonwood（棉白杨）:PHYA,PHYB1,PHYB2Norwayspruce（挪威云杉）:atleast5PHYgenesPhytochromesindifferentspec43光敏素类型及其基因类型编码基因存在含量Pfr稳定性作用PIPHYA黄化组织高低去黄化等PIIPHYB/C黄化组织绿色组织低高HIR等光敏素类型及其基因类型编码基因存在含量Pfr作用PIPHYA44植物光敏素反应类型反应类型缩写所需光强光受体光可逆性

实例低辐照度反应LFR1~1000μmolm-2光敏素R/FR可逆莴苣种子萌发拟南芥种子萌发转板藻叶绿体转动极低辐照反应VLFR10-4~10-2μmolm-2光敏素，隐花色素向光色素无燕麦胚芽鞘生长和中胚轴伸长抑制拟南芥种子萌发高辐照度反应HIR10~105μmolm-2光敏素，隐花色素向光色素无幼苗下胚轴伸长抑制弯钩伸直花青素合成植物光敏素反应类型反应类型缩写所需光强光受体光可逆性实45LFR&HIRactionspectrumfortheinhibitionofhypocotylelongationofdark-grownlettuceseedlingsLFR&HIRactionspectrumforth46Phytochromeisanautophosphorylating

serine/threoninekinasePhytochromeisanautophosphor47第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件48第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件49第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件50Nuclearlocalizationofphy–GFPfusionproteinsinepidermalcellsofArabidopsishypocotylsPHYA:GFPPHYB:GFPContinuousfar-redlightWhitelightCanmoveinProrPfrformfasttransport(~15min)

maximaltransportundercontinuousFRlight(HIR)MovesonlyinPfrformSlowtransport(severalhours)

RequiresRfortransport;inhibitedbyFRUndercircadiancontrolNuclearlocalizationofphy–GF51PIF3

phytochrome-interactingfactor3helix-loop-helixproteintranscriptionfactorsPIF3helix-loop-helixproteint52PIFlocalizationPIFlocalization53CACGTG

GTGCAC光调节元件（LRE）CACGTG

GTGCAC光调节元件（LRE）54第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件55第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件56BothPHYTOCHROMEINTERACTINGFACTOR1(PIF1)andSPATULA(SPT)inhibitgerminationbyregulatingthelevelofactivegibberellicacid(GA).TheyactastranscriptionalrepressorsofGAbiosyntheticgenes(GA3ox1andGA3ox2),whicharerequiredtoconverttheGAprecursortoitsactiveform.Inaddition,PIF1activatestheexpressionofaGAcatabolicgene(GA2ox2).Underinductivelightconditions(inwhicharelativelyhighred:far-redratioconvertssufficientphytochromeBtotheactive,nuclear-localizedPfrform),phytochromebindingtriggersthedegradationofPIF1throughubiquitin-mediatedproteolysis,therebyblockingtherepressionofGAlevels.Similarly,coldtreatmentrepressesSPTactivitytopromotegermination.BothPHYTOCHROMEINTERACTINGF57第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件58ConstitutivelyPhotomorphogenic(COP)mutantsPhotomorphogenicresponseisalwaysonincopmutants:ConstitutivephotomorphogenicphenotypeinthedarkHypersensitivephenotypeinthelightConstitutivelyPhotomorphogeni59COP1encodesanE3ubiquitinligaseCOP10encodesanE2ubiquitinligasevarianttheother8encodemembersofaplexknownastheCOP9signalosome(CSN).someCSNponentsresemblecomponentsofthe26Sproteasome10copmutantsidentifiedCOP1encodesanE3ubiquitinl60LightsignalingpathwayLightsignalingpathway61第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件62植物的避荫反应

shadeavoidance植物的避荫反应

shadeavoidance63第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件64第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件65ShadeAvoidanceSyndrome(SAS)ShadeAvoidanceSyndrome(SAS)66ThereducedR:FRratiooflightactsasasignalthatotherplantsarenearbyThereducedR:FRratioofligh67第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件68PlantsofDaturaferoxgrowinginfrontofselectivereflectingmirrorsplacedatca.6cmsouth(southernhemisphere)oftheplants.ThoseinfrontofthemirrorsselectivelyreflectingFRshowincreasedinternodeelongation.KnowTheNeighborthroughPhytochromePlantsofDaturaferoxgrowing69PhotomorphogenesisUnderContinuousLightPhotomorphogenesis70第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件71degradationdegradation72第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件73MutantsHelpsRevealTheMechanismofShadeAvoidanceMutantsHelpsReveal74第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件75第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件76第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件77第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件78Rapidsynthesisofauxinviaanewtryptophan-dependentpathwayisrequiredforshadeavoidanceinplantsYiTao,1,2

Jean-LucFerrer,3,4

KarinLjung,5

FlorencePojer,1,4

FangxinHong,1,2,6JeffA.Long,2

LinLi,2

JavierE.Moreno,7

MarianneE.Bowman,1,4

LaurenJ.Ivans,2,8

YoufaCheng,8

JasonLim,1,2

YundeZhao,8

CarlosL.Ballaré,7

GöranSandberg,9

JosephP.Noel,1,4

andJoanneChory1,2*1HowardHughesMedicalInstitute2PlantBiologyLaboratory,TheSalkInstituteforBiologicalStudies,LaJolla,CA92037,USA3InstitutdeBiologieStructuraleCEA-CNRS-UJF,LaboratoiredeCristallographieetCristallogenèsedesProtéines,41RueJulesHorowitz,38027GrenobleCedex1,France4TheJackH.SkirballCenterforChemicalBiologyandProteomics,TheSalkInstituteforBiologicalStudies,LaJolla,CA92037USA5UmeåPlantScienceCentre,DepartmentofForestGeneticsandPlantPhysiology,SwedishUniversityofAgriculturalSciences,SE-90183Umeå,Sweden6DepartmentofBiostatisticsandputationalBiology,Dana-FarberCancerInstitute,HarvardSchoolofPublicHealth,44BinneyStreetBoston,MA02115,USA7InstitutodeInvestigacionesFisiológicasyEcológicasVinculadasalaAgricultura(IFEVA),ConsejoNacionaldeInvestigacionesCientíficasyTécnicas,andUniversidaddeBuenosAires,AvenidaSanMartín4453,C1417DSEBuenosAires,Argentina8DivisionofBiologicalSciences,SectionofCellandDevelopmentalBiology,UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,LaJolla,CA92093-03489UmeåPlantScienceCentre,DepartmentofPlantPhysiology,UmeåUniversity,SE-90187Umeå,Sweden*Addresscorrespondenceto:JoanneChory,(858)552-1148,(858)558-6379(fax),Email:

chory@Cell.

2008April4;

133(1):164–176.

Rapidsynthesisofauxinviaa79SAV3

isexpressedpredominantlyintheleafmargins.ExpressionpatternsofPSAV3n::SAV3-GUS

andDR5::GUS

areshown.5-day-oldseedlingsweretreatedwithWcorshadefor8hours.

厦门大学

陶懿SAV3

isexpressedpredominantl80SchematicdiagramoftheproposedIAAbiosyntheticpathways.Schematicdiagramofthepropo81Twostudies2,

3

showthatenvironmentalcues(lightquality)andinternalsignals(mediatedbythehormoneethylene)canbothmodulatetheauxinsyntheticpathwaythatstartswiththeconversionoftryptophantoindole-3-pyruvicacid(IPA)inareactioncatalysedbytheenzymeTAA1.TAA1-dependentlocalsynthesisofauxin,togetherwiththeresultantdirectionalauxintransport,leadstoauxingradientsthatmediatespecificadaptivedevelopmentalresponsesintheplant.Twostudies2,

3

showthatenvi82第五节植物的光形态建成光形态建成的概念(photomorphogenesis)向光色素(phototropin)隐花色素(cryptochrome)光敏素(phytochrome)避荫反应（shadeavoidance）第五节植物的光形态建成光形态建成的概念(photomorp83

自然界中的光Wavelength(nanometers)700600500400

自然界中的光Wavelength(nanometers)84第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件85第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件86植物的光形态建成（photomorphogenesis）植物的光形态建成（photomorphogenesis）87Light-grownArabidopsisLight-grownArabidopsis88第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件89EtiolatedcharacteristicsDe-etiolatedcharacteristicsDistinct"apicalhook"(dicot)orcoleoptile(monocot)NoleafgrowthNochlorophyllRapidstemelongation

LimitedradialexpansionofstemLimitedrootelongation

Limitedproductionoflateralroots

ApicalhookopensorcoleoptilesplitsopenLeafgrowthpromoted

ChlorophyllproducedStemelongationsuppressed

RadialexpansionofstemRootelongationpromoted

Lateralrootdevelopmentaccelerated

EtiolatedcharacteristicsDe-et90LightControlsPhotosynthesisRateofGrowthDirectionofGrowthPigmentationFloweringFruitingLeafFallOnsetofDormancyLightControlsPhotosynthesis91光敏素隐花色素向光蛋白光敏素隐花色素向光蛋白92第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件93Phototropins

向光素Phototropins

向光素94第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件95拟南芥的phot突变体拟南芥的phot突变体96第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件97拟南芥的phot突变体拟南芥的phot突变体98PHOT1andPHOT2mediate

bluelight-dependentstomatalopeningKinoshitaetal.2001Nature:414,656PHOT1andPHOT2mediate

blue99PhototropinproteinscontaintwoLOV(Light,Ogen,Voltagesensitive)domainsandadownstreamserine/threoninekinase.ThechromophoreisaFlavinmononucleotide(FMN)whichisnon-covalentlyboundwithineachLOVdomain.Phototropinproteinscontain100第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件101SchematicillustrationoftheLOVandkinasedomainsofphototropininlight-inducedphosphorylation.

(a)Inthedark,thephosphorylationactivityofthekinasedomainofphototropinisinhibitedbythebindingoftheLOV2domain.(b)Underlightconditions,thephosphorylationactivityofthekinaseisinducedbythereleaseoftheLOV2domain.

Volume9,Issue5,October2006,Pages503-508

Schematicillustrationofthe102第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件103Cryptochromes隐花色素http://./Research/cryptochrome/Cryptochromes隐花色素http://.ks.ui104Cryptochromeandtheavian"pass"Cryptochromeandtheavian"pa105TheHY4genemaydefineabluelightphotoreceptor

CRYPTOCHROME1(CRY1)TheHY4genemaydefineablue106Phenotypesofcry2mutantcyr2islatefloweringunderlongdayconditionsPhenotypesofcry2mutantcyr2107ThestructureofcryptochromesThestructureofcryptochromes108Cryptochromecontrolleddeetiolation.InArabidopsis,cry1andcry2regulatemostoftheblue-light-specificdevelopmentalprograms.Shownareonlyphenotypiceffectsduringdeetiolationcausedbymutationsincry1orcry2.Arabidopsiswildtype(WT)andphotoreceptormutantsgrownfor3daysindarkness(D),whitelight(WL)orcontinuousbluelightof30µmolm-2s-1(highblue,HB)or1µmolm2s1(lowblue,LB),respectivelygivenfromthetop.Inwildtypeseedlings,hypocotylgrowthisinhibitedbybluelightwhereasopeningofthehypocotylhookandcotyledonopeningandexpansionispromotedbybluelight.HBismoreefficientthanLB.Thelackofcry1(cry1)ismostevidentunderHBconditions,whereasthelackofcry2(cry2)beesmoreevidentunderLBconditions,whichisseeninparticularforthedoublemutant(cry1/cry2)(takenfromBatschaueretal.,2007).Cryptochromecontrolleddeetio109第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件110http://./content/102/34/12270.full.pdf+htmlhttp://./content/102/3111Phytochrome

光敏素Phytochrome

光敏素112不同波长的光对莴苣种子发芽的影响不同波长的光对莴苣113莴苣种子发芽的作用光谱莴苣种子发芽的作用光谱114LettuceseedgerminationisatypicalphotoreversibleresponsecontrolledbyphytochromeLettuceseedgerminationisa115影響‘GrandRapid’萵苣種子發芽的光可逆性照射程序發芽率(%)無(黑暗對照組)14#4*R7098R-Fr

62R-Fr-R7497R-Fr-R-Fr60R-Fr-R-Fr-R7695R-Fr-R-Fr-R-Fr71R-Fr-R-Fr-R-Fr-R8198R-Fr-R-Fr-R-Fr-R-Fr7.#：Tooleetal.,1953(發芽溫度27℃)

*：BewleyandBlack,1982。(發芽溫度24℃，640-680nm的紅光，0.9W/m2，每次照1.5min；>710nm的遠紅光，2.9W/m2，每次照4min)影響‘GrandRapid’萵苣種子發芽的光可逆性照射程序116Photoreversibility:

adistinctivefeatureofphytochromePhotoreversibility:

adistinc117chromophoreapoproteinholoproteinchromophoreapoproteinholoprote118SteroStructureofPhytochromeSteroStructure119第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件120Chromophorestructure15105Chromophorestructure15105121PfrPrtransisomercisisomerStructureconversionofthe

chromophore(phytochromobilin)PfrPrtransisomercisisomerStr122光敏素蛋白的两种构象模型PfrPr光敏素蛋白的两种构象模型PfrPr123PhytochromeisencodedbyamultigenefamilyPhyA→

responsestoFRPhyB→

responsestoRorwhitelightPre-dominantformsHaveuniquerolesinregulatingresponsestoredandfar-redPhytochromeisencodedbyamu124PhytochromesindifferentspeciesArabidopsis:PHYA,PHYB,PHYC,PHYD,PHYETomato:PHYA,PHYB1,PHYB2,PHYE,PHYFCottonwood（棉白杨）:PHYA,PHYB1,PHYB2Norwayspruce（挪威云杉）:atleast5PHYgenesPhytochromesindifferentspec125光敏素类型及其基因类型编码基因存在含量Pfr稳定性作用PIPHYA黄化组织高低去黄化等PIIPHYB/C黄化组织绿色组织低高HIR等光敏素类型及其基因类型编码基因存在含量Pfr作用PIPHYA126植物光敏素反应类型反应类型缩写所需光强光受体光可逆性

实例低辐照度反应LFR1~1000μmolm-2光敏素R/FR可逆莴苣种子萌发拟南芥种子萌发转板藻叶绿体转动极低辐照反应VLFR10-4~10-2μmolm-2光敏素，隐花色素向光色素无燕麦胚芽鞘生长和中胚轴伸长抑制拟南芥种子萌发高辐照度反应HIR10~105μmolm-2光敏素，隐花色素向光色素无幼苗下胚轴伸长抑制弯钩伸直花青素合成植物光敏素反应类型反应类型缩写所需光强光受体光可逆性实127LFR&HIRactionspectrumfortheinhibitionofhypocotylelongationofdark-grownlettuceseedlingsLFR&HIRactionspectrumforth128Phytochromeisanautophosphorylating

serine/threoninekinasePhytochromeisanautophosphor129第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件130第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件131第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件132Nuclearlocalizationofphy–GFPfusionproteinsinepidermalcellsofArabidopsishypocotylsPHYA:GFPPHYB:GFPContinuousfar-redlightWhitelightCanmoveinProrPfrformfasttransport(~15min)

maximaltransportundercontinuousFRlight(HIR)MovesonlyinPfrformSlowtransport(severalhours)

RequiresRfortransport;inhibitedbyFRUndercircadiancontrolNuclearlocalizationofphy–GF133PIF3

phytochrome-interactingfactor3helix-loop-helixproteintranscriptionfactorsPIF3helix-loop-helixproteint134PIFlocalizationPIFlocalization135CACGTG

GTGCAC光调节元件（LRE）CACGTG

GTGCAC光调节元件（LRE）136第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件137第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件138BothPHYTOCHROMEINTERACTINGFACTOR1(PIF1)andSPATULA(SPT)inhibitgerminationbyregulatingthelevelofactivegibberellicacid(GA).TheyactastranscriptionalrepressorsofGAbiosyntheticgenes(GA3ox1andGA3ox2),whicharerequiredtoconverttheGAprecursortoitsactiveform.Inaddition,PIF1activatestheexpressionofaGAcatabolicgene(GA2ox2).Underinductivelightconditions(inwhicharelativelyhighred:far-redratioconvertssufficientphytochromeBtotheactive,nuclear-localizedPfrform),phytochromebindingtriggersthedegradationofPIF1throughubiquitin-mediatedproteolysis,therebyblockingtherepressionofGAlevels.Similarly,coldtreatmentrepressesSPTactivitytopromotegermination.BothPHYTOCHROMEINTERACTINGF139第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件140ConstitutivelyPhotomorphogenic(COP)mutantsPhotomorphogenicresponseisalwaysonincopmutants:ConstitutivephotomorphogenicphenotypeinthedarkHypersensitivephenotypeinthelightConstitutivelyPhotomorphogeni141COP1encodesanE3ubiquitinligaseCOP10encodesanE2ubiquitinligasevarianttheother8encodemembersofaplexknownastheCOP9signalosome(CSN).someCSNponentsresemblecomponentsofthe26Sproteasome10copmutantsidentifiedCOP1encodesanE3ubiquitinl142LightsignalingpathwayLightsignalingpathway143第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件144植物的避荫反应

shadeavoidance植物的避荫反应

shadeavoidance145第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件146第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件147ShadeAvoidanceSyndrome(SAS)ShadeAvoidanceSyndrome(SAS)148ThereducedR:FRratiooflightactsasasignalthatotherplantsarenearbyThereducedR:FRratioofligh149第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件150PlantsofDaturaferoxgrowinginfrontofselectivereflectingmirrorsplacedatca.6cmsouth(southernhemisphere)oftheplants.ThoseinfrontofthemirrorsselectivelyreflectingFRshowincreasedinternodeelongation.KnowTheNeighborthroughPhytochromePlantsofDaturaferoxgrowing151PhotomorphogenesisUnderContinuousLightPhotomorphogenesis152第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件153degradationdegradation154第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件155MutantsHelpsRevealTheMechanismofShadeAvoidanceMutantsHelpsReveal156第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件157第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件158第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件159第五节-植物的光形态建成——植物生理学课件160Rapidsynthesisofauxinviaanewtryptophan-dependentpathwayisrequiredforshadeavoidanceinplantsYiTao,1,2

Jean-LucFerrer,3,4

KarinLjung,5

FlorencePojer,1,4

FangxinHong,1,2,6JeffA.Long,2

LinLi,2

JavierE.Moreno,7

MarianneE.Bowman,1,4

LaurenJ.Ivans,2,8

YoufaCheng,8

JasonLim,1,2

YundeZha