英汉笔译-转性译法课件

TransformationbetweenPartsofSpeechTransformationbetweenPartso1“Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbeindependentofsociety.”

(Lenin)这是不可能的，生活于社会而独立于社会。生活于社会而独立于社会是不可能的。生于社会，不能脱离社会。transformationofadjectiveintoverb“Itisimpossibletoliveins2TransformationDefinition:"Bytransformation，wemeanthatintranslationawordinonelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintooneofthesamepartofspeechinanotherlanguage."(EugeneA.Nida

language,CultureandTranslating)Aim:aimedatseeking

equivalenceandachievingthemaximalexpressivenessTransformationDefinition:"By3NecessityforTransformation

NecessityforTransformation4

ClassificationofPartsofSpeechSameness

nouns;verbs;modifiersasadjectivesoradverbs;forewordsasprepositionsandconjunctions;Differencesarticles（冠词），relativepronouns（关系代词），relativeadverbs（关系副词），participles（分词），gerunds(动名词）andinfinitives（不定式）don’texistinChinese.ClassificationofPartsofSp5Transformation

TransformationofEnglishNounsof

EnglishVerbsof

EnglishAdjectivesof

EnglishAdverbsofEnglishPrepositions

ofEnglishConjunctionsTransformationTransformation6NominalizationinEnglishandVerbalizationinChineseNominalizationinEnglishand7

TransformationofNouns

1）Englishnounsderivedfromverbs，offrequentappearanceinpoliticalwritingandnews,areusuallytranslatedintoverbs.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyoftranslation.读一点世界史，对学习翻译是有帮助的。VietnamesesWarisadrainonAmericanresources.越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。

TransformationofNouns

181967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraeliwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsraeli’srighttoexist.1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认9

2）SomeEnglishnouns,whichpossessthepropertyofverbs,weoftentransformthenounstoverbs

inChinese.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。2）SomeEnglishnouns,whichp103）Somenounsderivedfromverbsbyaddingsuchsuffixesas“er”or“or”donotreallyindicateidentityorsomecertainprofession,butimplymuchmorethanthemeaningofaverb.Seagullsaregoodflyers.海鸥很善于飞行。Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。他这个人最爱说话了。Heisagreattalker.3）Somenounsderivedfromverb114）EnglishnounstransformedintoChineseadjectivesIndependentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.独立思考是学习所绝对必要的。“of+abstractnoun”,indicatingcharacteristicsorqualitiesofthings，oftentransformedintothecorrespondingChinese“be+adjective”construction.Butitisofsmallimportance.不过这也无关紧要。oflittle/no/some/greatimportance/significance/difference/value/wisdom每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们都很宝贵。Eachhour,eachminute,eachsecondisofgreatvalueforus.英汉笔译—转性译法课件125）Englishnouns

transformedintoChineseadverbsThenewMayerearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民,获得了他们的一些好感。Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.

只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。英汉笔译—转性译法课件13TransformationofEnglishVerbs

1)

Thereareagreatmanyverbs

derivedfromnouns,whichmoreoftenthannot,aretransformedtonouns.Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。

Suchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.这些材料的特点是:绝缘性好,耐磨性强。TransformationofEnglishVerb14

2)Englishverbs

transformedintoChineseadverbsHeisfullofvigor,butfailsincarefulness.他劲头十足，但不够仔细。Don’tbelievewhatheissaying,healwaysindulgesinself-glorification.别信他说的，他总是大肆自吹自擂。2)Englishverbstransformed15TransformationofAdjectives1)Englishadjectives

transformedintoChineseadverbs.Asuccessfulscientistmustbeagood

observer.一个成功的科学家一定善于观察。Hehasagood

knowledgeofinternalcombustionengines.他对内燃机非常熟悉。TransformationofAdjectives1)162)English

adjectives

transformedintoChineseverbsHeisindiscriminateinreading.他读书时不加选择。Theywerenews-hungry.他们迫切地想弄到消息。他简直受不了这样的折磨，一种什么也不像而非常难过的折磨。(老舍：《骆驼祥子》）Thestrainwasunlikeanythinghehadeverknown,andquiteunberarable.2)Englishadjectivestransfor17

Adjectivesexpressingaperson'semotionsaremoreexpressivewhentranslatedintoverbsinChinese.Theyarenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.他们不满足于自己现有的成就。Theauthorisgratefultohisreadersforvaluablesuggestion.作者感谢读者提出的宝贵意见。英汉笔译—转性译法课件183)English

adjectives

transformedintoChinesenounsStevenwaseloquentandelegant—butsoft.斯蒂芬森有口才有风度，但很软弱！Thisproblemisnolessimportantthanthatone.这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。the+adj,referstoatypeofpersonTheydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。3)Englishadjectivestransform19Transformationofadverbs1）

English

adverbs

transformedintoChineseadjectivesHeroutinelyradioedanotheragentontheground.他与另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。Hopefully,itwillbedoneearlynextmonth.下月初完成这项工作是很有希望的。Transformationofadverbs1）E202).EnglishadverbsTransformedintoChinesenouns1.Itiseditoriallysaidthat…社论说……2.Heisstrongphysically,butweakmentally.他体力很强，可智力很弱。2).EnglishadverbsTransforme213)Englishadverbs

transformedintoChineseverbsSheopenedthewindowtoletthefreshairin.她把窗户打开，让新鲜空气进来。Ithasrainedover.雨停了。袭人拉了宝玉进去。（《红楼梦》第十九回）XirenledBaoyuin.3)Englishadverbstransformed22TransformationofPrepositionsEnglishisinsomesensecalled“prepositionallanguage”

foritsabsolutelycompletestructure(G.H.Vall)Chinese

paysmoreattentiontocoherence，naturalness，smoothnessandconsciousnessofthelanguageitself.TransformationofPrepositions23

1)English

prepositions

transformedintoChineseverbsHecametomyhouseforhelp.他来我家请求帮助。“Coming!”Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过阳台，进了门廊。1)Englishprepositionstrans242)Englishpreposition,mainlyinvolving

scopeordegree,transformedintoChineseadjectivesoradverbsThenewsabouttheassassinationofthepresidentquicklyspreadthroughouttheworld.暗杀总统的消息很快传遍全世界。远远地起了拍掌声和欢笑声。（巴金《家》）Inthedistancetherewasapplauseandlaughter.2)Englishpreposition,mainly253)

EnglishprepositionstransformedintoChineseconjunctionsForallyourexplanations,Iunderstandnobetterthanbefore.尽管你做了解释，但我还是不懂。Withallitsdisadvantagesthisdesignisconsideredtobeoneofthebest.尽管这个设计有种种缺点,仍被认为是最佳设计之一。3)Englishprepositionstransf26

TransformationofConjunctions

1)transformEnglishconjunctionsintoChineseprepositionsInsidepressureriseswhentemperaturerises.内部的压力随着气温的升高而升高。TransformationofConjunction272)EnglishconjunctionsaretransformedintonothingShehadabalanceatherbanker’s,whichwouldhavemadeherbelovedanywhere.她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。Whentheairmoves,itiscalledwind.空气流动产生风。2)Englishconjunctionsaretr28PracticeHehadthekindnesstoshowmetheway.(n.—adv).他好意地给我指路。Irecognizedtheabsurdityofdealingwiththemthroughintermediaries.(n.—adj.)

我认识到，通过中间人跟他们打交道是愚蠢的。3.他们怀疑这是否是真的。(v—adj.)Theyaredoubtfulwhetheritistrueornot.4.我打开窗子，让新鲜空气进来。(v.—adv.)Iopenedthewindowtoletthefreshairin.5.你拨错了电话号码。(adv.—adj.)Youdialedthewrongnumber.PracticeHehadthekindnesst296.小王常常工作到深夜，希望能赶上计算机技术的最新发展。(v.—prep.)XiaoWangoftenworkeduntilverylateatnightinthehopeofkeepingpacewiththelatestdevelopmentsincomputertechnology.6.小王常常工作到深夜，希望能赶上计算机技术的最新发展。(30TransformationbetweenPartsofSpeechTransformationbetweenPartso31“Itisimpossibletoliveinsocietyandbeindependentofsociety.”

(Lenin)这是不可能的，生活于社会而独立于社会。生活于社会而独立于社会是不可能的。生于社会，不能脱离社会。transformationofadjectiveintoverb“Itisimpossibletoliveins32TransformationDefinition:"Bytransformation，wemeanthatintranslationawordinonelanguagebelongingtoacertainpartofspeechisnotnecessarilytobeturnedintooneofthesamepartofspeechinanotherlanguage."(EugeneA.Nida

language,CultureandTranslating)Aim:aimedatseeking

equivalenceandachievingthemaximalexpressivenessTransformationDefinition:"By33NecessityforTransformation

NecessityforTransformation34

ClassificationofPartsofSpeechSameness

nouns;verbs;modifiersasadjectivesoradverbs;forewordsasprepositionsandconjunctions;Differencesarticles（冠词），relativepronouns（关系代词），relativeadverbs（关系副词），participles（分词），gerunds(动名词）andinfinitives（不定式）don’texistinChinese.ClassificationofPartsofSp35Transformation

TransformationofEnglishNounsof

EnglishVerbsof

EnglishAdjectivesof

EnglishAdverbsofEnglishPrepositions

ofEnglishConjunctionsTransformationTransformation36NominalizationinEnglishandVerbalizationinChineseNominalizationinEnglishand37

TransformationofNouns

1）Englishnounsderivedfromverbs，offrequentappearanceinpoliticalwritingandnews,areusuallytranslatedintoverbs.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyoftranslation.读一点世界史，对学习翻译是有帮助的。VietnamesesWarisadrainonAmericanresources.越南战争不断地消耗美国的资源。

TransformationofNouns

1381967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认以色列的生存权利的基础上来解决中东冲突。The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraeliwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsraeli’srighttoexist.1967年联合国文件要求在以色列撤出所占的土地以及阿拉伯承认39

2）SomeEnglishnouns,whichpossessthepropertyofverbs,weoftentransformthenounstoverbs

inChinese.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机,听见隆隆的机声,令我特别神往。AglancethroughhisofficewindowoffersapanoramicviewoftheWashingtonMonumentandtheLincolnMemorial.从他的办公室窗口可以一眼看到华盛顿纪念碑和林肯纪念馆的全景。2）SomeEnglishnouns,whichp403）Somenounsderivedfromverbsbyaddingsuchsuffixesas“er”or“or”donotreallyindicateidentityorsomecertainprofession,butimplymuchmorethanthemeaningofaverb.Seagullsaregoodflyers.海鸥很善于飞行。Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和儿子谈话时,老人宽恕了年青人过去所干的坏事。他这个人最爱说话了。Heisagreattalker.3）Somenounsderivedfromverb414）EnglishnounstransformedintoChineseadjectivesIndependentthinkingisanabsolutenecessityinstudy.独立思考是学习所绝对必要的。“of+abstractnoun”,indicatingcharacteristicsorqualitiesofthings，oftentransformedintothecorrespondingChinese“be+adjective”construction.Butitisofsmallimportance.不过这也无关紧要。oflittle/no/some/greatimportance/significance/difference/value/wisdom每小时、每分钟、每一秒对我们都很宝贵。Eachhour,eachminute,eachsecondisofgreatvalueforus.英汉笔译—转性译法课件425）Englishnouns

transformedintoChineseadverbsThenewMayerearnedsomeappreciationbythecourtesyofcomingtovisitthecitypoor.新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民,获得了他们的一些好感。Whenhecatchesaglimpseofapotentialantagonist,hisinstinctistowinhimoverwithcharmandhumor.

只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来。英汉笔译—转性译法课件43TransformationofEnglishVerbs

1)

Thereareagreatmanyverbs

derivedfromnouns,whichmoreoftenthannot,aretransformedtonouns.Tothem,hepersonifiedtheabsolutepower.在他们看来,他就是绝对权威的化身。

Suchmaterialsarecharacterizedbygoodinsulationandhighresistancetowear.这些材料的特点是:绝缘性好,耐磨性强。TransformationofEnglishVerb44

2)Englishverbs

transformedintoChineseadverbsHeisfullofvigor,butfailsincarefulness.他劲头十足，但不够仔细。Don’tbelievewhatheissaying,healwaysindulgesinself-glorification.别信他说的，他总是大肆自吹自擂。2)Englishverbstransformed45TransformationofAdjectives1)Englishadjectives

transformedintoChineseadverbs.Asuccessfulscientistmustbeagood

observer.一个成功的科学家一定善于观察。Hehasagood

knowledgeofinternalcombustionengines.他对内燃机非常熟悉。TransformationofAdjectives1)462)English

adjectives

transformedintoChineseverbsHeisindiscriminateinreading.他读书时不加选择。Theywerenews-hungry.他们迫切地想弄到消息。他简直受不了这样的折磨，一种什么也不像而非常难过的折磨。(老舍：《骆驼祥子》）Thestrainwasunlikeanythinghehadeverknown,andquiteunberarable.2)Englishadjectivestransfor47

Adjectivesexpressingaperson'semotionsaremoreexpressivewhentranslatedintoverbsinChinese.Theyarenotcontentwiththeirpresentachievements.他们不满足于自己现有的成就。Theauthorisgratefultohisreadersforvaluablesuggestion.作者感谢读者提出的宝贵意见。英汉笔译—转性译法课件483)English

adjectives

transformedintoChinesenounsStevenwaseloquentandelegant—butsoft.斯蒂芬森有口才有风度，但很软弱！Thisproblemisnolessimportantthanthatone.这个问题的重要性不亚于那个问题。the+adj,referstoatypeofpersonTheydidtheirbesttohelpthesickandthewounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。3)Englishadjectivestransform49Transformationofadverbs1）

English

adverbs

transformedintoChineseadjectivesHeroutinelyradioedanotheragentontheground.他与另一个地勤人员进行了例行的无线电联络。Hopefully,itwillbedoneearlynextmonth.下月初完成这项工作是很有希望的。Transformationofadverbs1）E502).EnglishadverbsTransformedintoChinesenouns1.Itiseditoriallysaidthat…社论说……2.Heisstrongphysically,butweakmentally.他体力很强，可智力很弱。2).EnglishadverbsTransforme513)Englishadverbs

transformedintoChineseverbsSheopenedthewindowtoletthefreshairin.她把窗户打开，让新鲜空气进来。Ithasrainedover.雨停了。袭人拉了宝玉进去。（《红楼梦》第十九回）XirenledBaoyuin.3)Englishadverbstransformed52TransformationofPrepositionsEnglishisinsomesensecalled“prepositionallanguage”

foritsabsolutelycompletestructure(G.H.Vall)Chinese

paysmoreattentiontocoherence，naturalness，smoothnessandconsciousnessofthelanguageitself.TransformationofPrepositions53

1)English

prepositions

transformedintoChineseverbsHecametomyhouseforhelp.他来我家请求帮助。“Coming!”Awaysheskimmedoverthelawn,upthepath,upthesteps,acrosstheveranda,andintotheporch.“来啦！”她转身蹦着跳着地跑了，越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过阳台，进了门廊。1)Englishprepositionstrans