sound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件

sound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件ObjectiveClassificationofSubjectivePercievedSoundQuality主观音质评价的客观分析方法朗德科技有限公司e-mail:landtp@ObjectiveClassificationofSuFhG德国夫琅和佛研究所FhGIBP下属建筑物理研究所朗德科技有限公司执行DatakustikGmbH专利声学材料和构件生产厂家中国客户北京公司香港公司THALESHEIMSystemsGmbHNorsonicASHEADacousticGmbHFhG德国夫琅和佛研究所FhGIBP下属建筑物理研究所HEADacousticsHEADquarterGermany德国总部founded1986成立于1986年100employees现有雇员100名HEADacousticsHEADquarterGerHEADacousticsInc.HEADacoustics美国有限公司founded1988成立于1988年13employees现有雇员13名

HEADacousticsInc.HEADHEADconsultHEAD咨询部Foundedin1992

成立于1992年3acousticchambersandtestrigs

3间声学实验室和3套测试台10experiencedconsultingengineers

10名经验丰富的工程师Technicians,mechanic,workshop

提供技师,机械师,车间Nationalandinternationalprojects

承接国内和国际合作项目Nearly50internationalcustomers

约50多个国际客户Severalindustrialbranches

若干工业分支机构HEADconsultHEAD咨询部FoundVehicleTestChamber机动车测试室Absorbentlining

ofceilingandwalls室内顶层和墙壁都有吸声体覆盖Cut-offfrequency

ofapprox.125Hz下限频率约为125赫兹

Externalelectric

drive37kW外部电驱动功率37千瓦

Eddy-current

brake200kW涡流制动器功率200千瓦

Computercontrol全计算机控制VehicleTestChamber机动车测试室AbEngineTestRig发动机测试台Externaldrive(37kW)andeddy-currentbrake(200kW)positioned

outsidetestchamber外驱动器（功率37千瓦）和置于测试室外的涡流制动器（功率200千瓦）

Speedrangefrom

700-7000rpm加速范围从700~7000rpm

Externalcooling-system外冷却系统Computercontrol全计算机控制EngineTestRig发动机测试台ExternaAnechoicChamber全消声室Absorbentliningonfloor,wallsandceiling室内顶层、地面和四面墙壁都有吸声材料Cut-offfrequency180Hz下限频率180赫兹Rotarytablefor

"Round-About-Measurements”为“Round-About-测量”所设置的旋转台AnechoicChamber全消声室AbsorbenIntroduction导言UseofBinauralTechnologyinAcousticEngineeringis“StateoftheArt”在工程声学领域运用双耳模拟技术是目前最先进的方法SoundQualityrequiresconsiderationofhumanhearing’scharacteristics声质量评估要求考虑人耳的听觉特性WorkofNVHengineersisalwaysorientedtocustomers’needsNVH工程师的工作总是以用户需求为中心NVHtasksofthefuturerequireintegrationofbinauraltechnologyandotherNVHmeasurementtechnologyNVH的未来任务是要把双耳模拟技术和其它NVH测量技术结合在一起使用Introduction导言UseofBinauraHowdoesNoisetalktous?我们是如何感知噪声的？Noiseisinformative噪声是一种信息quality,functionality,danger,environment,…

质量性,功能性,危险性,环境,…Noiseimpliesacertainimage噪声意味着某种特性luxury,sportive,cheap,…

豪华型,运动型,便宜型,…

Noisemayidentify

噪声是可以被识别的similartoopticalimpression类似于视觉感受corporatesound,productsound

总体的声音，个体的声音HowdoesNoisetalktous?我们

SameA-level,SameThirdOctaveSpectrum

同样的A声级，同样的1/3倍频程频响曲线74,2dB75,1dB74,7dBSameA-level,SameThirdOctaProblem:objectivedescriptionofsubjectiveevaluation

问题：主观评价的客观描述Problem:objectivedescriptionsound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件sound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件sound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件Conventional/Binaural传统手段/双耳模拟Comparison:Conventional-binauralmeasurementtechnique对照：传统测量技术----双耳模拟测量技术Theouterearisadirectionalfilterwhichweightsthesoundpressureinarangeof+15/-30dB,dependingonfrequencyanddirectionofsound

外耳是有方向性的滤波器，根据声音频率和方向的不同，其感受声音的声压级大小在+15/-30分贝范围内有一个加权。Humanhearinghastwoinputs:人耳听觉输入包括两个部分：

binauralsignalprocessing双耳输入信号处理

directionhearing,selectivity,noisesuppression

听觉的方向性，信号的选择性，对噪声信号的抑制Psychoacousticofhearingdeterminesthesoundimpression:

loudness,sharpness,roughness,tonality

人耳听觉对声音的印象取决于心理声学的参数：响度、尖锐度、粗糙度等。Highresolutionofhearingintheamplitude,frequency-andtimedomain:dynamics>120dB

BxT<0.3,analysisbandwidthxanalysisinterval

人耳听觉在幅值、频率、时间三维空间里的高分辨率Conventional/Binaural传统手段/Loudness:响度Considerationofdistributionofcriticalbandsandmaskingpropertiesinthehearing,考虑到特征频带的分布和人耳

DIN45631,ISO532B掩蔽效应，符合DIN45631和Sharpness:尖锐度ISO532B的标准Weightedfirstmomentofdistributionofcriticalbandratesofspecificloudness,proportionofhigh-frequencyspectralcomponentstolow-frequencyones

反映首次特征频带分布和指定响度级的关系，把高频段成分和低频段成分相比。

Roughness/FluctuationStrength:粗糙度/起伏程度Timestructureofthesoundsignal,modulationfactorandleveldifferencedetermineroughnessamplitude-andfrequencymodulation声音信号的时域结构，调制因子，和声压级的不同决定了粗糙度对幅值和频率的调制PsychoacousticalParameter心理声学参数Loudness:响度PsychoacousticaphysicspsychoacousticspsychologyHumanHearingphysicspsychoacousticspsycholo77dB(A)76.7dB(A)76.6dB(A)36,7sone14.0sone38,8soneLoudnessversusA-weightedSPL

响度级:A计权声压级77dB(A)76.7dB(A)76.6dB(A)36SimultaneousMasking同时掩蔽

SimultaneousMasking同时掩蔽Sharpness尖锐度Version1:AuresVersion2:vonBismarckSharpness尖锐度Version1:AurComparison,SharpnessvonBismark/AuresweißesRauschenweißesRauschen,8kHzverstärktvonBismarkAuresvonBismarkAuresComparison,SharpnessvonBismSinustone1kHzSinustone1kHzand1001HzInterferenzSinustone1kHzand1004HzFluctuationSinustone1kHzand1020HzR-Roughness(Rumbling)Sinustone1kHzand1070HzRoughnessSinustone1kHzand1414HztwotonecomplexTwoTones:DifferentPerceptions两种音调：不同感觉

Sinustone1kHzSinustone1kHzParametersofRoughness粗糙度的参数ParametersofRoughness粗糙度ApplicationExample:“Rumbling”Noise应用举例：“隆隆声”噪音specialkindofroughness

特殊种类的粗糙度psychoacousticroughnesscalculationfails

心理声学粗糙度级的计算不成功psychoacousticfluctuationstrengthanalysisfails心理声学波形起伏程度分析的计算不成功socalled„r“roughness

所谓的„r“粗糙度modulationfrequencyrangearound15to30Hz

调制频率范围15~30赫兹relevantfrequencyrangefrom150to450Hz

相关频率范围150~450赫兹causedbyinteractionofdifferent0.5orders

由0.5阶互动分析的差异所引起ApplicationExample:“RumblingaverageFFTspectrum„rumbling“隆隆声的平均FFT频谱5cylinderengineat2420rpm5缸发动机在2420转时averageFFTspectrum„rumblingbandpassfilteredtimesignal经过带通滤波器处理的时域信号bandpassfilteredtimesignal5thorder4.5thorder5.5thorder5thorder4.5thorder5.5thomodulationspectrumof250Hzoctave250赫兹调制频谱modulationspectrumof250HzMultidimensionalAspectsofSound声音的多维性designaspect设计方面physicalaspect物理方面psycho-acousticalaspect心理声学方面cognitiveaspect认知度方面MultidimensionalAspectsofSoComparisonLoudness/dB(A)比较响度/分贝（A计权）ComparisonLoudness/dB(A)ImportanceoftheA-weighted

SoundPressureLevel

A计权声压级的重要性85dB(A)LSPL65dB(A)Physicaldamageofhearingpossiblycausedbysound声音可能会导致听力的物理损伤MeasurementbysufficientA-weightedsoundpressurelevel足够满足要求的A计权声压级测量Physiologicalimpairmentcausedbysound由于声音导致的生理损伤A-weightedsoundpressurelevelmeasurementsnecessarybutnotsufficientA计权声压级的测量是必要的，但并不足以满足要求Annoyancebynoisewithvegetativeeffectspossible日常生活中令人烦恼的噪声A-weightedsoundpressurelevelisnotsuitedfordescribingthesoundqualityA计权声压级不足以用来描述声音的质量ImportanceoftheA-weighted

ParametersofSoundQuality声质量的参数Thesoundqualitysurelydoesn’tdependonlyupontheA-weightedsoundpressurelevel.很显然,声质量不仅仅取决于A-计权声压级Thesoundqualityofasoundeventdependsnotonlyonabsoluteparameterslikeloudness,sharpness,roughness,fluctuationstrengthandsoon

声音的声质量不仅仅取决于响度、尖锐度、粗糙度、起伏程度等绝对参数butitdependsonspectrum‘sstructureandthepatternintimedomain,

还取决于声音的频谱构成结构和在时域的听觉模板组成情况

thatmeans:这就是说Changesoftheshorttimespectrumwithrespecttothefrequencyandtimedomainhaveaninfluenceontheclassificationofsoundquality

短时间频谱或时域组成方面的变化都会对声音的质量产生影响ParametersofSoundQuality声RelativeApproachofHumanHearing评估人耳听觉的相关方法RelativeApproachofHumanHea"good"3rdoctavespectrumspec.loudnessspec.roughness4.Application:Tirenoiseinthevehicleinterior应用4：轮胎产生的车内噪声"good"3rdoctavespectrumspec."noisy"-3dB"good"3rdoctavespectrumspec.loudnessspec.roughnessExample:Tirenoiseinthevehicleinterior举例：轮胎产生的车内噪声"noisy"-3dB"good"3rdoctave"good"“annoying"Modulationspectrumversusfrequency15Hz+harmonics->TirerotationstrongmodulationinthehigherfrequentareaExample:Tirenoiseinthevehicleinterior举例：轮胎产生的车内噪声"good"“annoying"Modulationspe"good"“annoying"frequencyselectedlevelversustime,2msintegrationtimeconstantnarrowbandlevelat3200Hz

higherlevelstrongtemporalstructureca.20dBleveldifferenceca.10dBlevelfluctuationExample:Tirenoiseinthevehicleinterior举例：轮胎产生的车内噪声"good"“annoying"frequencyselesound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件Workingina

recordingstudio

在实验室工作Workingina

recordingstudioConclusion结论Soundengineeringbecomesveryimportant声音工程学非常重要Soundqualitycannotbemeasuredwithconventionalmeasurementtechnique传统测量手段不能对声质量进行分析ArtificialHead,psychoacoustics,multi-channelanalysisarehelpfultoolsforsoundengineering人工头、心理声学、多通道分析都是对声音工程学有帮助的工具but:但是Forsounddesignweneedthehumanfactor,theexperttocreateagoodsound由于声音设计有人的因素，所以需要专家来帮助我们创造出好听的声音Conclusion结论Soundengineerinsound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件ObjectiveClassificationofSubjectivePercievedSoundQuality主观音质评价的客观分析方法朗德科技有限公司e-mail:landtp@ObjectiveClassificationofSuFhG德国夫琅和佛研究所FhGIBP下属建筑物理研究所朗德科技有限公司执行DatakustikGmbH专利声学材料和构件生产厂家中国客户北京公司香港公司THALESHEIMSystemsGmbHNorsonicASHEADacousticGmbHFhG德国夫琅和佛研究所FhGIBP下属建筑物理研究所HEADacousticsHEADquarterGermany德国总部founded1986成立于1986年100employees现有雇员100名HEADacousticsHEADquarterGerHEADacousticsInc.HEADacoustics美国有限公司founded1988成立于1988年13employees现有雇员13名

HEADacousticsInc.HEADHEADconsultHEAD咨询部Foundedin1992

成立于1992年3acousticchambersandtestrigs

3间声学实验室和3套测试台10experiencedconsultingengineers

10名经验丰富的工程师Technicians,mechanic,workshop

提供技师,机械师,车间Nationalandinternationalprojects

承接国内和国际合作项目Nearly50internationalcustomers

约50多个国际客户Severalindustrialbranches

若干工业分支机构HEADconsultHEAD咨询部FoundVehicleTestChamber机动车测试室Absorbentlining

ofceilingandwalls室内顶层和墙壁都有吸声体覆盖Cut-offfrequency

ofapprox.125Hz下限频率约为125赫兹

Externalelectric

drive37kW外部电驱动功率37千瓦

Eddy-current

brake200kW涡流制动器功率200千瓦

Computercontrol全计算机控制VehicleTestChamber机动车测试室AbEngineTestRig发动机测试台Externaldrive(37kW)andeddy-currentbrake(200kW)positioned

outsidetestchamber外驱动器（功率37千瓦）和置于测试室外的涡流制动器（功率200千瓦）

Speedrangefrom

700-7000rpm加速范围从700~7000rpm

Externalcooling-system外冷却系统Computercontrol全计算机控制EngineTestRig发动机测试台ExternaAnechoicChamber全消声室Absorbentliningonfloor,wallsandceiling室内顶层、地面和四面墙壁都有吸声材料Cut-offfrequency180Hz下限频率180赫兹Rotarytablefor

"Round-About-Measurements”为“Round-About-测量”所设置的旋转台AnechoicChamber全消声室AbsorbenIntroduction导言UseofBinauralTechnologyinAcousticEngineeringis“StateoftheArt”在工程声学领域运用双耳模拟技术是目前最先进的方法SoundQualityrequiresconsiderationofhumanhearing’scharacteristics声质量评估要求考虑人耳的听觉特性WorkofNVHengineersisalwaysorientedtocustomers’needsNVH工程师的工作总是以用户需求为中心NVHtasksofthefuturerequireintegrationofbinauraltechnologyandotherNVHmeasurementtechnologyNVH的未来任务是要把双耳模拟技术和其它NVH测量技术结合在一起使用Introduction导言UseofBinauraHowdoesNoisetalktous?我们是如何感知噪声的？Noiseisinformative噪声是一种信息quality,functionality,danger,environment,…

质量性,功能性,危险性,环境,…Noiseimpliesacertainimage噪声意味着某种特性luxury,sportive,cheap,…

豪华型,运动型,便宜型,…

Noisemayidentify

噪声是可以被识别的similartoopticalimpression类似于视觉感受corporatesound,productsound

总体的声音，个体的声音HowdoesNoisetalktous?我们

SameA-level,SameThirdOctaveSpectrum

同样的A声级，同样的1/3倍频程频响曲线74,2dB75,1dB74,7dBSameA-level,SameThirdOctaProblem:objectivedescriptionofsubjectiveevaluation

问题：主观评价的客观描述Problem:objectivedescriptionsound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件sound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件sound-quality(声品质)教学讲解课件Conventional/Binaural传统手段/双耳模拟Comparison:Conventional-binauralmeasurementtechnique对照：传统测量技术----双耳模拟测量技术Theouterearisadirectionalfilterwhichweightsthesoundpressureinarangeof+15/-30dB,dependingonfrequencyanddirectionofsound

外耳是有方向性的滤波器，根据声音频率和方向的不同，其感受声音的声压级大小在+15/-30分贝范围内有一个加权。Humanhearinghastwoinputs:人耳听觉输入包括两个部分：

binauralsignalprocessing双耳输入信号处理

directionhearing,selectivity,noisesuppression

听觉的方向性，信号的选择性，对噪声信号的抑制Psychoacousticofhearingdeterminesthesoundimpression:

loudness,sharpness,roughness,tonality

人耳听觉对声音的印象取决于心理声学的参数：响度、尖锐度、粗糙度等。Highresolutionofhearingintheamplitude,frequency-andtimedomain:dynamics>120dB

BxT<0.3,analysisbandwidthxanalysisinterval

人耳听觉在幅值、频率、时间三维空间里的高分辨率Conventional/Binaural传统手段/Loudness:响度Considerationofdistributionofcriticalbandsandmaskingpropertiesinthehearing,考虑到特征频带的分布和人耳

DIN45631,ISO532B掩蔽效应，符合DIN45631和Sharpness:尖锐度ISO532B的标准Weightedfirstmomentofdistributionofcriticalbandratesofspecificloudness,proportionofhigh-frequencyspectralcomponentstolow-frequencyones

反映首次特征频带分布和指定响度级的关系，把高频段成分和低频段成分相比。

Roughness/FluctuationStrength:粗糙度/起伏程度Timestructureofthesoundsignal,modulationfactorandleveldifferencedetermineroughnessamplitude-andfrequencymodulation声音信号的时域结构，调制因子，和声压级的不同决定了粗糙度对幅值和频率的调制PsychoacousticalParameter心理声学参数Loudness:响度PsychoacousticaphysicspsychoacousticspsychologyHumanHearingphysicspsychoacousticspsycholo77dB(A)76.7dB(A)76.6dB(A)36,7sone14.0sone38,8soneLoudnessversusA-weightedSPL

响度级:A计权声压级77dB(A)76.7dB(A)76.6dB(A)36SimultaneousMasking同时掩蔽

SimultaneousMasking同时掩蔽Sharpness尖锐度Version1:AuresVersion2:vonBismarckSharpness尖锐度Version1:AurComparison,SharpnessvonBismark/AuresweißesRauschenweißesRauschen,8kHzverstärktvonBismarkAuresvonBismarkAuresComparison,SharpnessvonBismSinustone1kHzSinustone1kHzand1001HzInterferenzSinustone1kHzand1004HzFluctuationSinustone1kHzand1020HzR-Roughness(Rumbling)Sinustone1kHzand1070HzRoughnessSinustone1kHzand1414HztwotonecomplexTwoTones:DifferentPerceptions两种音调：不同感觉

Sinustone1kHzSinustone1kHzParametersofRoughness粗糙度的参数ParametersofRoughness粗糙度ApplicationExample:“Rumbling”Noise应用举例：“隆隆声”噪音specialkindofroughness

特殊种类的粗糙度psychoacousticroughnesscalculationfails

心理声学粗糙度级的计算不成功psychoacousticfluctuationstrengthanalysisfails心理声学波形起伏程度分析的计算不成功socalled„r“roughness

所谓的„r“粗糙度modulationfrequencyrangearound15to30Hz

调制频率范围15~30赫兹relevantfrequencyrangefrom150to450Hz

相关频率范围150~450赫兹causedbyinteractionofdifferent0.5orders

由0.5阶互动分析的差异所引起ApplicationExample:“RumblingaverageFFTspectrum„rumbling“隆隆声的平均FFT频谱5cylinderengineat2420rpm5缸发动机在2420转时averageFFTspectrum„rumblingbandpassfilteredtimesignal经过带通滤波器处理的时域信号bandpassfilteredtimesignal5thorder4.5thorder5.5thorder5thorder4.5thorder5.5thomodulationspectrumof250Hzoctave250赫兹调制频谱modulationspectrumof250HzMultidimensionalAspectsofSound声音的多维性designaspect设计方面physicalaspect物理方面psycho-acousticalaspect心理声学方面cognitiveaspect认知度方面MultidimensionalAspectsofSoComparisonLoudness/dB(A)比较响度/分贝（A计权）ComparisonLoudness/dB(A)ImportanceoftheA-weighted

SoundPressureLevel

A计权声压级的重要性85dB(A)LSPL65dB(A)Physicaldamageofhearingpossiblycausedbysound声音可能会导致听力的物理损伤MeasurementbysufficientA-weightedsoundpressurelevel足够满足要求的A计权声压级测量Physiologicalimpairmentcausedbysound由于声音导致的生理损伤A-weightedsoundpressurelevelmeasurementsnecessarybutnotsufficientA计权声压级的测量是必要的，但并不足以满足要求Annoyancebynoisewithvegetativeeffectspossible日常生活中令人烦恼的噪声A-weightedsoundpressurelevelisnotsuitedfordescribingthesoundqualityA计权声压级不足以用来描述声音的质量ImportanceoftheA-weighted

ParametersofSoundQuality声质量的参数Thesoundqualitysurelydoesn’tdependonlyupontheA-weightedsoundpressurelevel.很显然,声质量不仅仅取决于A-计权声压级Thesoundqualityofasoundeventdependsnotonlyonabsoluteparameterslikeloudness,sharpness,roughness,fluctuationstrengthandsoon

声音的声质量不仅仅取决于响度、尖锐度、粗糙