新概念英语第二册第17课

PAGEPAGE15Lesson17Alwaysyoung青春常驻MyauntJenniferisanactress.Shemustbeatleastthirty-fiveyearsold.Inspiteofthis,sheoftenappearsonthestageasayounggirl.Jenniferwillhavetotakepartinanewplaysoon.Thistime,shewillbeagirlofseventeen.Intheplay,shemustappearinabrightreddressandlongblackstockings.Lastyearinanotherplay,shehadtowearshortsocksandabright,orange-coloureddress.Ifanyoneeverasksherhowoldsheis,shealwaysanswers,'Darling,itmustbeterribletobegrownup!'Newwordsandexpressions生词和短语appearv.登场，扮演stagen.舞台brightadj.鲜艳的stockingn.（女用）长筒袜sockn.短袜参考译文我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员，她至少也有35岁了。尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出。这一次，她将扮演一个17岁的少女。演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。一旦有人问起她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长成大人真可怕啊！”1.Alwaysyoung青春常驻1)always[ˈɔ:lweiz]adv.1.atalltimes;oneveryoccasion总是；每次都是:e.g.她每次都是7:30到。Shealwaysarrivesat7:30.她事事都迟到。She’salwayslateforeverything.我们并不总是这么忙！We’renotalwaysthisbusy!2.foralongtime;sinceyoucanremember一直；一贯e.g.玛丽一直喜爱园艺。Maryhasalwayslovedgardening.我们一直是这样干的。Thisisthewaywe’vealwaysdoneit.3.forallfuturetime(将)永远e.g.我将永远爱你。I’llalwaysloveyou.4.Ifyousayapersonisalwaysdoingsth.orsomethingisalwayshappening,youmeanthattheydoit,orithappens,veryoften,andthatthisisannoying(讨厌地)老是；一再e.g.她老是批评我。She’salwayscriticizingme.那个电话总是响个不停。Thatphone’salwaysringing.她老是将东西搬来搬去。Shewasalwaysmovingthingsaround.IDM:asalwaysasusuallyhappensorisexpected和往常一样；和料想的一样：e.g.杰克和往常一样，上学又迟到了。Asalways,Jackwaslateforschool.2)young[jʌŋ]adj.(younger[ˈjʌŋɡə],youngest[ˈjʌŋɡist]\o"真人发音")1.havinglivedorexistedforonlyashorttime;notfullydeveloped幼小的；未成熟的：e.g.幼小的孩子/动物youngchildren/animals新成立的国家/公司ayoungcountry/company2.notyetold;notasoldasothers年轻的；岁数不大的；相对年轻的：e.g.年轻人youngpeople他们结婚很早。Theymarriedyoung.(=atanearlyage)他母亲去世得早。Hismotherdiedyoung.3.suitableorappropriate[əˈprəupriit]foryoungpeople年轻人的；青年的；适合青年人的：e.g.年轻人的时尚/想法youngfashion/ideas她穿的衣服显得过于年轻了。Theclothesshewearsaremuchtooyoungforher.IDM:1.notbegettinganyyounger(spoken)usedwhenyouarecommenting[ˈkɔment]thattimeispassingandthatyou,orsb.else,isgrowingolder老了；岁月不饶人2.youngatheartthinkingandbehavinglikeayoungpersonevenwhenyouareold人老心不老n.[pl.]1.(theyoung)youngpeopleconsideredasagroup(统称)年轻人，青年人2.younganimalsofaparticulartypeorthatbelongtoaparticularmother幼崽；幼兽；幼鸟youngster[ˈjʌŋstə]n.(informal)ayoungpersonorachild年轻人;少年;儿童e.g.这次活动是为8至14岁的少年儿童安排的。Theactivityisforyoungstersaged8to14.其他的孩子则没有这么幸运。Otheryoungstersarenotsolucky.1935年时我还只是个孩子。Iwasonlyayoungsterin1935.youth[ju:θ]n.(pl.youths[ju:ðz])1.[u]thetimeoflifewhenapersonisyoung,esp.thetimebeforeachildbecomesanadult青年时期(尤指成年以前)：e.g.他年轻时很有音乐天赋。Hehadbeenatalentedmusicianinhisyouth.2.[u]thequalityorstateofbeingyoung青春;朝气;年轻:e.g.这个队如今既经验丰富又充满朝气。Theteamisnowagoodmixtureofexperienceandyouth.她在工作中能把朝气和经验结合在一起，这是很难得的。Shebringstothejobararecombination[ˌkɔmbiˈneiʃən]ofyouthandexperience.3.(alsotheyouth)[pl.]youngpeopleconsideredasagroup(统称)青年，年轻人e.g.当代青年theyouthoftoday青年失业问题youthunemployment她对这个国家的青年一代没什么好影响。She’snotaverygoodinfluenceontheyouthofthiscountry.youthful['ju:θfl]adj.1.typical(['tipikəl]adj.典型的；有代表性的)ofyoungpeople年轻人的；青年的；青春的：e.g.青春的激情/活力youthfulenthusiasm/energy2.youngorseemingyoungerthanyouare年轻的；显得年轻的e.g.她65岁了，但显得非常年轻。She’saveryyouthful65.adv.youthfullyn.[u]youthfulness2.MyauntJenniferisanactress.Shemustbeatleastthirty-fiveyearsold.我的姑姑詹妮弗是位演员，她至少也有35岁了。1)–esssuffix(innouns构成名词)female女…；雌…；母…actress['æktris]女演员actor男演员:以-or，-er结尾，是男性其他的例如：waiter男服务员waitress['weɪtrɪs]女服务员prince王子princess公主；王妃god神goddess['gɔdɪs]女神lion公狮子lioness['laiənis]['laiənes]母狮子host[həust]主人；东道主hostess['həʊstɪs]女主人；女房东2)leastdet.,pron.(usuallytheleast)smallestinsize,amount,degree,etc.最小的；最少的；程度最轻的(littlelessleast;many/muchmoremost)e.g.他虽然经验最少，却是最出色的老师。He’sthebestteacher,eventhoughhehastheleastexperience.这是我所能帮忙做的最起码的事。It’stheleastIcandotohelp.(=IfeelIshoulddomore)IDM:1.atthe(very)leastusedafteramountstoshowthattheamountisthelowestpossible(用于数量之后)至少；最少e.g.这至少需要一年时间。It’lltakeayear,attheveryleast.2.notintheleastnotatall一点也不；丝毫不：e.g.说真的，我一点也不累。Really,I’mnotintheleasttired.--“我开电视机你介意吗？”“DoyoumindifIputthetelevisionon?”--“不，一点也不介意。”“No,notintheleast.”adv.tothesmallestdegree最小；最少；微不足道：e.g.她挑了一家最便宜的旅馆。Shechose[tʃəuz]theleastexpensiveofthehotels.IDM:1.atleast(1)notlessthan至少；不少于：e.g.这东西至少要花500美元。It’llcostatleast500dollars.她至少应该有40岁了。Shemustbeatleast40.他从图书馆至少借了5本书。Heborrowedatleastfivebooksfromthelibrary.如果你不能擦车，你至少可以帮我擦。Ifyoucan’tcleanthecar,youcanatleasthelpmetocleanit.(2)usedtoaddapositivecomment['kɔment]aboutanegativesituation.(用于对否定情况补充肯定的评论)起码：e.g.她虽然迟钝，但起码还很可靠。Shemaybeslowbutatleastshe’sreliable.(slowadj.迟钝的；笨的；理解力差的reliable[ri'laiəbl]adj.可信赖的；可依靠的)(3)evenifnothingelseistrueoryoudonothingelse无论如何；反正：e.g.你至少可以听一听他说些什么。Youcouldatleastlistentowhathesays.唔，反正他们没有厌烦。Well,atleasttheyweren’tbored.(4)usedtolimitormakewhatyouhavejustsaidlessdefinite(用以减轻前面所说的话的肯定性)至少synonym:anywaye.g.他们很少抱怨至少不在正式场合抱怨。Theyseldomcomplained—officiallyatleast.它行，反正我认为它行。Itworks,atleastIthinkitdoes.at(the)mostnotmorethan至多；不超过e.g.那儿最多只有50个人。Therewere50peoplethere,attheverymost.Shemustbefifteenyearsold.她很可能15岁Shemustbeatmostfifteenyearsold.她最多15岁Shemustbeatleastfifteenyearsold.她至少15岁2.notleast(written)especially特别；尤其e.g.那部纪录片引起了许多人的反感，它所描写的生活涉及的工人尤其反感。Thedocumentarycausedalotofbadfeeling,notleastamongtheworkerswhoselivesitdescribed.(documentary[,dɔkju'mentəri]n.记录影片；纪实广播(或电视)节目)3)我们已经学过两种年龄表示法。一种是“数字+yearsold”,作表语：e.g.我父亲现在已57岁了。Myfatherisfifty-sevenyearsoldnow.另一种是“数字+-year-old”，作定语：e.g.上周，我4岁的女儿玛丽应邀去参加一个儿童晚会。Lastweek,myfour-year-olddaughter,Mary,wasinvitedtoachildren’sparty.3.Inspiteofthis,sheoftenappearsonthestageasayounggirl.尽管如此，她却常在舞台上扮演小姑娘。1)spite[spait]n.,v.n.[u]afeelingofwantingtohurtorupset(v.使烦恼；使心烦意乱；使生气)sb.恶意；怨恨e.g.我相信他只是为了泄愤才那么说的。I’msureheonlysaiditoutofspite.(outofsth.usedtoshowthereasonwhysth.isdone(表示原因)因为，出于：)IDM:inspiteofifyousaythatsb.didsth.inspiteofafact,youmeanitissurprisingthatthatfactdidnotpreventthemfromdoingit不管；尽管synonym:despite(prep.)后面可以跟名词、代词或从句：e.g.尽管下雨，他们还是继续旅行。Inspiteoftherain,theywentontheirjourney.不管你说她什么，她比玛丽要好得多。Inspiteofwhatyouhavesaidabouther,sheismuchbetterthanMary.inspiteofyourselfifyoudosth.inspiteofyourself,youdoitalthoughyoudidnotintendorexpectto不由自主地：e.g.他还是不由得睡着了。Hefellasleep,inspiteofhimself.Vt.e.g.他们把音乐放得这么响就是存心要搅扰我们。They’replayingthemusicsoloudjusttospiteus.spitefuladj.behavinginanunkindwayinordertohurtorupsetsb.恶意的；居心不良的；故意使人苦恼的adv.spitefullyn.[u]spitefulness2)this代指上句话，即“她至少也有35岁”这个事实。3)toappearonthestageasayounggirl在舞台上扮演小姑娘=playthepartofayounggirlonthestage=playtheroleofayounggirlonthestage=actthepart/roleofayounggirlonthestage4)appear[əˈpiə]v.1.[vi][usually+adv./prep.]totakepartinafilm/movie,play,televisionprogramme,etc.演出:e.g.他在60多部电影中演出过。Hehasappearedinover60movies.她经常在电视上露面。SheregularlyappearsonTV.(regularly['regjʊləlɪ]adv.1.有规律地；正常地；间隙均匀地2.经常3.均匀地；匀称地)下个月他将在百老汇上演的一出新戏中扮演克林顿。NextmonthhewillbeappearingasClintoninanewplayonBroadway.2.linkingverb(notusedintheprogressivetenses不用于进行时)togivetheimpressionofbeingordoingsth.显得;似乎;看来synonym：seeme.g.[v-adj.]她听到这消息时一点也没有显得吃惊。Shedidn’tappearatallsurprisedatthenews.[v-n]他看上去完全是个正常的人。Heappearsaperfectlynormalperson.(perfectly['pɜ:fɪktli:]adv.1.完全地；非常；十分2.完美地；完好地；圆满地normaladj.正常的；一般的)[vtoinf]看样子他快四十岁了。Heappearedtobeinherlatethirties.[v(that)]看来一直有一个差错。Itappearstherehasbeenamistake.3.[v][usually+adv./prep.]tostarttobeseen出现；呈现；显现e.g.一辆公共汽车出现在拐角处。Abusappearedaroundthecorner.地平线上升起了烟雾。Smokeappearedonthehorizon.[hə'raizən]一个女人远远出现在街的尽头。Awomanappearedatthefarendofthestreet...昨晚，其中几个犯人出现在房顶上。Lastnightsomeoftheprisonersappearedontheroof.4.[v][usually+adv./prep.]tobegintoexistorbeknownorusedforthefirsttime起源；出现；首次使用e.g.地球上的哺乳动物起源于何时？Whendidmammalsappearontheearth?(mammal['mæml]n.哺乳动物)这个问题最初在市区中心出现。Thisproblemfirstappearedintheinnercities.(innercityn.市中心区(常有社会问题)inneradj.[obn]里面的；向内的；内部的；接近中心的)5.[v][usually+adv./prep.]tobepunishedorbroadcast出版；广播e.g.他的新书将于春季出版。Hisnewbookwillbeappearinginthespring.6.[v][usually+adv./prep.]toarriveataplace抵达；来到e.g.到十点钟玛丽仍然没有露面。Byteno’clockMarystillhadn’tappeared.7.[v][usually+adv./prep.]tobewrittenormentionedsomewhere记载；提及e.g.你的名字将出现在书的前页。Yournamewillappearatthefrontofthebook.(frontn.(thefront)前部)appearance[ə'piərəns]n.1.[c,u]thewaythatsb./sth.looksontheoutside;whatsb./sth.seemstobe外貌；外观；外表e.g.她从来不怎么注重外貌。Shehadneverbeengreatlyconcernedaboutherappearance.(greatlyadv.(formal)(常用于动词或分词前)非常；很；大大地)2.[c,usuallysing.]thefactofsb./sth.arriving,esp.whenitisnotexpected(尤指突然的)抵达，到来e.g.保安人员突然出现，他们丢下钱就跑了。Thesuddenappearanceofasecurityguardcausedthemtodropthemoneyandrun.3.[c,usuallysing.]themomentatwhichsth.beginstoexistorstartstobeseenorused起源；出现；首次使用4.[c]anactofappearinginpublic,esp.asaperformer,politician[,pɔlə'tiʃən],etc.,orinacourt[kɔ:t]oflaw露面；演出；出庭e.g.这位歌手八岁时初次登台演出。Thesinger’sfirstpublicappearancewasattheageofeight.5.[c,usuallysing.]anactofbeingpublishedorbroadcast出版；广播disappearv.[I]1.togooutofsight消失，不见e.g.太阳消失在一片云后面。Thesundisappearedbehindacloud.2.tostopexisting,cometoanend不复存在，灭绝，消亡e.g.这些漂亮的鸟类正在面临灭种。Thesebeautifulbirdsarefastdisappearing.3.Toleaveorbecomelost,esp.suddenlyorwithoutexplanation(突然)离去，失踪；丢失e.g.警察到达时，那帮歹徒已跑得无影无踪。Bythetimethepolicearrivedtheganghaddisappeared.disappearancen.[c;u]4)stage[steidʒ]v.[vn]1.toorganizeandtakepartinactionthatneedscarefulplanning,esp.asapublicprotest['prəutest](n.抗议；反对)组织；筹划e.g.他们决定举行罢工。Theydecidedtostageastrike.

2.toorganizeandpresentaplayoraneventforpeopletosee上演；举办；举行e.g.举行仪式tostageaceremony3.tomakesthhappen使发生；使出现e.g.今天早些时候，美元出现回升。Thedollarstagedarecoveryearliertoday.(recovery[ri'kʌvəri]n.1.[u,c,usuallysing.]~(fromsth.)恢复；痊愈2..[u,c,usuallysing.]~(insth.)改善；回升；复苏)n.1.[c]aperiodorstatethatsth./sb.passesthroughwhiledevelopingormakingprogress(发展或进展的)时期；阶段；状态e.g.这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。Thechildrenareatdifferentstagesofdevelopment.2.[c]aseparatepartthataprocess,etc.isdividedinto段；步；步骤e.g.旅行的第一段我们乘的是火车。Wedidthefirststageofthetripbytrain.3.[c]araisedarea,usuallyinatheatre,etc.whereactors,dancers,etc.perform(多指剧场中的)舞台e.g.一些女孩在舞台上跳舞。Somegirlsaredancingonthestage.4.(oftenthestage)[sing]thetheatreandtheworldofactingasaformofentertainment戏剧；戏剧表演；戏剧界e.g.他父母不想让他当演员。Hisparentsdidn’twanthimtogoonthestage.(=tobeanactor)5.[sing.]anareaofactivitywhereimportantthingshappen,esp.inpolitics(政治等活动的)领域；(政治)舞台e.g.德国在国际政治舞台上起着主导作用。Germanyisplayingaleadingroleontheinternationalstage.IDM:setthestageforsth.tomakeitpossibleforsth.tohappen;tomakesth.likelytohappen使某事成为可能；为某事铺平了道路stagefrightn.[u]nervousfeelingsfeltbyperformersbeforetheyappearinfrontofanaudience怯场(演员出场前的紧张不安)(frightn.1.[u]惊吓；恐怖2.[c]恐怖的经历；使人惊吓的经历)stagemanagern.thepersonwhoisresponsibleforthestage,lights,scenery['si:nəri](n.[u]1.风景；景色；风光2.舞台布景),etc.duringtheperformanceofaplayinatheatre舞台监督stagenamen.anamethatanactorusesinsteadofhisorherrealname(演员的)艺名5)as[æz]prep.,adv.,conj.prep.1.usedtodescribesb./sth.appearingtobesb./sth.else像；如同e.g.他们都打扮成小丑。Theywerealldressedasclowns.(clown[klaun]n.丑角；小丑)2.usedtodescribethefactthatsb./sth.hasaparticularjoborfunction作为；当作：e.g.要把我当作朋友。Treatmeasafriend.你可以把那个玻璃杯当作花瓶用。Youcanusethatglassasavase.adv.1.as…as…usedwhenyouarecomparingtwopeopleorthings,ortwosituations(比较时用)像…一样，如同：e.g.你和你父亲一样高。You’reastallasyourfather.他挣的钱比我少。Hedoesn’tearnasmuchasme.这没有我想象的那么困难。It’snotashardasIthought.你尽量快跑。Runasfastasyoucan.2.usedtosaythatsth.happensinthesameway(指事情以同样的方式发生)和…一样e.g.他和平时一样，少言寡语。Asalways,hesaidlittle.honest中的h与hour中的h一样都不发音。The‘h’inhonestissilent,asin‘hour’.conj.1.whilesth.elseishappening当…时；随着：e.g.他一直坐着看她准备停当。Hesatwatchingherasshegotready.随着年龄的增长她的信心增强了。Ahewayinwhich照…方式：e.g.他们是按照我的要求做的。TheydidasIhadasked.别去动那些文件。Leavethepapersastheyare.我就说过吧，她把它丢了。Shelostit,justasIsaidshewould.3.usedtostatethereasonforsth.因为；由于：e.g.你不在，所以我留了一张字条儿。Asyouwereout,Ileftamessage.她是新来的，可能需要一些帮助。Shemayneedsomehelpasshe’snew.4.usedtomakeacommentortoaddinformationaboutwhatyouhavejustsaid正如；如同：e.g.你是知道的，玛丽马上要离开了。Asyouknow,Maryisleavingsoon.她个子很高，和她母亲一样。She’sverytall,asishermother.5.(written)usedtosaythatinspiteofsth.beingtrue,whatfollowsisalsotrue尽管；虽然；即使synonym:thoughe.g.尽管他们很快乐，但总缺少点什么。Happyastheywere,therewassomethingmissing.他想尽了办法也没能打开门。Tryashemight(=howeverhardhetried),hecouldn’topenthedoor.IDM:1.asagainststh.incontrastwithsth.与…相对照；和…相比较e.g.这次选举他们得了27%的票，而上次他们得了32%。Theygot27%ofthevote([vəut]n.投票,表决)asagainst32%atthelastelection.2.asforsb./sth.usedtostarttalkingaboutsb./sth.至于；关于synonym:regardinge.g.至于玛丽，她现在日子过得不错。AsforMary,she’sdoingfine.关于聚会要用的食物，都在置办当中。Asforfoodfortheparty,that’sallbeingtakencareof.3.asif/asthoughinawaythatsuggestssth.似乎；好像；仿佛e.g.他表现得若无其事。Hebehavedasifnothinghadhappened.听起来你好像过得挺愉快。Itsoundsasthoughyouhadagoodtime.4.astosth./asregardssth.usedwhenyouarereferringtosth.关于；至于：e.g.至于税款，将从你薪水中扣除。Astotax,thatwillbedeductedfromyoursalary.(deduct[di'dʌkt]vt.[oftenpassive]~sth.(fromsth.)(从总量中)扣除，减去)4.Jenniferwillhavetotakepartinanewplaysoon.詹妮弗很快又要参加一个新剧的演出。5.Thistime,shewillbeagirlofseventeen.这一次，她将扮演一个17岁的少女。1)be在这里是“扮演”的意思：e.g.今晚卡伦.马什扮演海伦。Tonight,KarenMarshisHelen.2)agirlofseventeen介词短语后置修饰名词e.g.一个外表英俊的男子amanofhandsomeappearance一个颜色鲜艳的外套acoatofbrightcolour具有价值的花瓶avaseofvalue6.Intheplay,shemustappearinabrightreddressandlongblackstockings.演出时她必须穿一条鲜红色的裙子和黑色的长筒袜。1)in在这句话中表示“穿着”、“戴着”：e.g.那边那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的邻居。Thegirlinredoverthereismyneighbour.约翰今天上午穿的是件黑衣服。Johnwasinablackdressthismorning.2)bright[brait]adj.(brighter,brightest)1.fulloflight;shiningstrongly光线充足的；明亮的：e.g.明亮的光线brightlight明媚的阳光brightsunshine明亮的屋子abrightroom她的双眼泪光闪闪。Hereyeswerebrightwithtears.阳光灿烂的早晨abrightmorning(=withthesunshining)2.(ofacolour颜色)strongandeasytosee鲜艳夺目的：e.g.我喜欢艳丽的色彩。Ilikebrightcolours.鲜黄色的连衣裙abrightyellowdress3.cheerfulandlively快活而生气勃勃的：(cheerfuladj.1.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的2.令人愉快的lively['laivli]adj.1.精力充沛的；生气勃勃的；活跃热情的2.浓的；鲜艳的)e.g.他目光发亮，兴奋不已。Hiseyeswerebrightandexcited.她对我灿然一笑。Selligent(adj.聪明的；有才智的；悟性强的);quicktolearn聪明的；悟性强的e.g.班里最聪明的学生thebrighteststudentintheclass你有何高见？Doyouhaveanybrightideas(=cleverideas)?5.hopeful;likelytobesuccessful有希望的；会成功的(hopefuladj.[notubn](人)抱有希望；满怀希望2.[obn](人的行为)表现出希望的3.(事物)给人以希望的)e.g.本周的良好开端abrightstarttotheweek这位年轻的音乐家前途无量。Thisyoungmusician[mju:'ziʃn]hasabrightfuture.adv.brightlye.g.色彩艳丽的花卉展示adisplay([dis'plei]n.陈列；展览)ofbrightlycolouredflowers.阳光灿烂。Thesunshonebrightly.(shineshone[ʃɔn],shonevi.发光；反光；照耀)n.[u]brightnesse.g.色彩的明艳美丽会让你大饱眼福。You'llbeimpressedwiththebrightnessandthebeautyofthecolors.IDM:1.brightandearlyveryearlyinthemorning大清早：e.g.你今天起得很早啊！You’reupbrightandearlytoday!2.a/thebrightspotagoodorpleasantpartofsth.thatisunpleasantorbadinallotherways(不幸或逆境中的)可喜部分，闪光点：e.g.上周的胜利是他们最近十场比赛中唯一振奋人心的一次。Thewinlastweekwastheonlybrightspotintheirlasttengames.3.lookonthebrightsidetobecheerfulorhopefulaboutabadsituation，forexamplebythinkingonlyoftheadvantagesandnotthedisadvantages(对不好的状况)持乐观态度；看光明的一面adv.bright(brighter,brightest)(literary)(usuallywiththeverbsburnandshine通常与动词burn,shine连用)brightly光亮地；明亮地：e.g.星光闪烁。Thestarswereshiningbright.brightenv.1.vi.&vt.tobecomeormakesth.lighterorbrighterincolour(使)更明亮，色彩鲜艳：2.vi.&vt.~(sth)(up)tobecome,feelorlookhappier;tomakesb.lookhappier(使)快活起来：3.vi.&vt.~(sth)(up)tobecomeormakesth.becomemorepleasant,enjoyableorhopeful(使)增添乐趣，有希望：4.vt.~(sth)(up)tomakesth.lookmorecolourfulandattractive(adj.漂亮的；有吸引力的)使更艳丽；使更美丽：5.vi.~(up)(oftheweather天气)toimproveandbecomebrighter放晴：3)dress[dres]n.,v.n.1.[c]apieceofwomen’sclothingthatismadeinonepieceandcoversthebodydowntothelegs,sometimesreachingtobelowtheknees,ortotheankles(n.['æŋkl]踝；脚踝)连衣裙e.g.婚纱weddingdress她穿一条黑色连衣裙。Shewaswearingablackdress.2.[u]clothesforeithermenorwomen衣服dress一般指连衣裙、套裙，也可以指外穿的衣服或特定场合穿的礼服：e.g.今晚大家都穿了晚礼服。Everyoneisineveningdresstonight.穿礼服towearformaldressdress,suit,costumedress表示衣服，尤其指外衣，连衣裙e.g.我妹妹昨天买了一条新连衣裙。Mysisterboughtanewdressyesterday.suit[sju:t]表示一套衣服，尤指套装e.g.西服abusinesssuit我弟弟从来不穿成衣。Mybrotherneverwearsready-made(adj.做好的)suit.costume指服装，某个时期，某种场合中穿的衣服e.g.所有的演员都穿着15世纪的服装。Alltheactorsworefifteenth-centurycostumes.costume[ˈkɔstju:m]n.1.[c;u]theclotheswornbypeoplefromaparticularplaceorduringaparticularhistoricalperiod(某地或某历史时期的)服装，装束e.g.有些歌手身着威尔士民族服装。（wear:wore[wɔ:]/worn[wɔ:n]）SomeofthesingersworetheWelshnationalcostume.2.[c;u]theclotheswornbyactorsinaplayorfilm/movie,orwornbysomebodytomakethemlooklikesthelse(戏剧或电影的)戏装，服装e.g.这些演员仍是戏装打扮。Theactorswerestillincostumeandmake-up.costumedrama['drɑ:mə]n.[c;u]aplayorfilm/moviesetinthepast古装戏；古装电影v.1.~(sb.)(insth.)toputclothesonyourself/sb.穿衣服，给（某人）穿衣服opposite:undresse.g.[v]我很快穿好了衣服。Idressedquickly.[vn]她让自己和孩子都穿上最漂亮的衣服。Shedressedherselfandthechildrenintheirbestclothes.起床穿衣服了。Getupandgetdressed!2.vi.~(sb.)(for/in/assth.)towearaparticulartypeorstyleofclothes穿…的衣服：e.g.穿得好/不好todresswell/badly穿得时髦/舒适towearfashionably/comfortably[ˈkʌmfətəblɪ]你今天应该穿防寒的衣服。Youshoulddressforcoldweathertoday.(fashionably[ˈfæʃənəblɪ]adv.流行地；时兴地；时髦地)Phrv.1.dressup(towearclothesthataremoreinformalthanthoseyouusuallywear)穿上盛装；穿上正式服装e.g.用不着穿礼服——就穿平时的衣服来吧。Thereisnoneedtodressupcomeasyouare.2.dressup/dresssb.up(toputonspecialclothes,esp.topretendtobesb./sthdifferent)装扮，乔装打扮e.g.这些男孩子们都装扮成了海盗。Theboyswerealldressedupaspirates.[ˈpaiərit]dressupas…化装成…3.dresssth.uptopresentsth.inawaythatmakesitseembetterordifferent装饰；修饰；掩饰：e.g.无论你怎样夸饰，办公室工作都不令人向往。Howevermuchyoutrytodressitup,officeworkisnotglamorous.(glamorous['glæmərəs]adj.特别富有魅力的；富裕刺激的；独特的)5)stocking[ˈstɔkiŋ]n.eitherofapairofthinpieceofclothingthatfitcloselyoverawoman’sfeetandlegs长筒女袜7.Lastyearinanotherplay,shehadtowearshortsocksandabright,orange-coloureddress.去年在演另一个剧时，她不得不穿短袜和一件鲜艳的橘红色的衣服。1)wear[wɛə]v.,n.v.(wore[wɔ:]/worn[wɔ:n])1.vt.tohavesth.onyourbodyasapieceofclothing,anornament[ˈɔ:nəmənt]装饰品,etc.穿;戴;佩戴：e.g.我得系领带吗？DoIhavetowearatie?穿外衣；戴帽子/戒指/徽章/手表towearacoat/hat/ring/badge/watch(badge[bædʒ]n.徽章,奖章)她系着座椅安全带吗？Wasshewearingaseatbelt?他戴着眼镜。Heworeglasses.她总是穿黑色衣服。Shealwayswearsblack(=blackclothes).2.tohaveyourhairinaparticularstyle;tohaveabeardormoustache留着，蓄着(发、须等)(beard[biəd]n.胡须，髯；络腮胡子(动物的须)moustache[məsˈtɑ:ʃ]n.1.上嘴唇的胡子2.(moustaches)长胡子)e.g.[vn-adj.]她梳着长发。Shewearsherhairlong.[vn]留胡须/八字须towearabeard/moustache3.[vn]tohaveaparticularexpressiononyourface流露，面带，呈现(某种神态)e.g.他脸上流露出迷惑不解的神情。Heworeapuzzledlookonhisface./Hisfaceworeapuzzledlook.(puzzledadj.困惑的；迷惑不解的)玛丽一脸的心满意足。Mary'sfaceworeasatisfiedexpression.4.tobecome,ormakesthbecomethinner,smootherorweakerthroughcontinuoususeorrubbing磨损；消耗；用旧(rub[rʌb]v.擦;搓;揉)e.g.[v]地毯渐渐磨坏了。Thecarpetsarestartingtowear.[v-adj.]床单已经磨薄了。Thesheetshavewornthin.[vn-adj.]不停的流水把这些石头冲刷得很光滑。Thestoneshavebeenwornsmoothbytheconstant['kɔnstənt]flowofwater.Phr.v.1.wearofftograduallydisappearorstop逐渐消失；消逝；逐渐停止：e.g.这麻醉药品的作用将很快消失。Theeffectsofthedrugwillsoonwearoff.2.wearon(written)(oftime时间)topass,esp.inawaythatseemsslow慢慢地过去；(光阴)荏苒e.g.随着夜色渐深，她越来越紧张。Astheeveningworeon,shebecamemoreandmorenervous.3.wearout/wearsth.outtobecome,ormakesth.become,thinornolongerabletobeused,usuallybecauseithasbeenusedtoomuch磨薄；穿破；磨损；用坏e.g.去年他穿坏了两双鞋。Heworeouttwopairsofshoeslastyear.4.wearyourself/sb.outtomakeyourself/sb.feelverytired使疲乏；使筋疲力尽；使厌烦e.g.孩子们简直把我烦透了。Thekidshavetotallywornmeout.你要是继续这样拼命工作，身体会吃不消的。You’llwearyourselfoutifyoucarryonworkingsohard.n.1.(usuallyincompounds通常构成复合词)(尤用于商店)…时穿的衣服，…装e.g.晚礼服eveningwear童装children’swear2.衣着；穿着；穿戴；佩戴3.使用(或形式)；耐用性；经久性：4.磨损；用坏；耗损wear：v.穿着，表示穿着的一种状态其他表示穿戴的说法：bedressedin（穿着...，也是表示穿着时的一种状态），puton（穿上，表示瞬间的动作）2)sock[sɔk]n.apieceofclothingthatisworncoverthefoot,ankleandlowerpartoftheleg,esp.insideashoe.短袜3)orange-coloureddressadj.+n.+ed构成复合形容词e.g.noble-minded思想崇高的good-tempered脾气好的adj.+现在分词构成复合形容词e.g.good-looking好看的fine-sounding听起来不错的adj.+n.构成复合形容词e.g.large-scale大比例的high-class一级的(classn.1.[c]阶级；阶层2.[c]种类；类别；等级)(scale[skeil]n.1.[u]规模；范围；程度2.[c]等级；级别3.[c]比例；比例尺4.天平；磅秤)8.Ifanyoneeverasksherhowoldsheis,shealwaysanswers,'Darling,itmustbeterribletobegrownup!'一旦有人问起她有多大年纪，她总是回答：“亲爱的，长成大人真可怕啊！”1)Ifanyoneeverasksherhowoldsheis，shealwaysanswers，...ever:(用于否定句和疑问句，或与if连用的句子)atanytime在任何时候；从来e.g.这儿从未发生过任何事。Nothingeverhappenshere.难道你从来不累吗？Don’tyouevergettired?...asksherhowoldsheis，注意宾语从句中，主谓的次序和陈述句的语序一样不颠倒2)it为先行词，代替tobegrownup，这个不定式是句子真正的主语。再如：e.g.有很多朋友是件令人愉悦的事。Itisapleasantthingtohavemanyfriends.3)这句话的言外之意是她还没有长成大人，还是个小姑娘，因为她用的是表示推测的must。4)terrible[ˈterəbl]adj.1.veryunpleasant;makingyoufeelveryunhappy,upsetorfrightened非常讨厌的；令人极不快的；可怕的e.g.令人极不快的经历aterribleexperience多么骇人听闻的消息！Whatterriblenews!2.causinggreatharmorinjury;veryserious危害极大的；造成极大伤害的；非常严重的：e.g.猛烈的暴风雨；重大事故aterriblestorm/accident他受了重伤。Hehadsufferedterribleinjuries.3.[notbeforenoun]unhappyorill不痛快；有病：e.g.我觉得难受，想去睡觉了。IfeelterribleIthinkI’llgotobed.4.[onlybeforenoun]usedtoshowthegreatextentordegreeofsth.bad极度的；极其严重的：e.g.严重的错误aterriblemistake处于极度痛苦之中tobeinterriblepainterribly['terəbli]adv.(esp.BrE)very非常；很e.g.非常抱歉，我伤着您了吗？I’mterriblysorrydidIhurtyou?2.verymuch;verybadly非常地；很厉害地：e.g.我非常想念玛丽。ImissMaryterribly.5)grow[grəu]v.(grew[gru:],grown[grəun])1.vi.,vt.toexistanddevelopinaparticularplace;tomakeplantsgrow(使)生长，发育e.g.vi.这地区干燥得草木不生。Theregionistoodryforplantstogrow.(regionn.1.[c](通常界限不明的)地区，区域，地方e.g.热带地区：thetropicalregions2.[c]行政区)vt.我本来不知道法国也种稻子。Ididn’tknowtheygrewriceinFrance.2.~(insth.)toincreaseinsize,number,strengthorquality扩大；增加；增强e.g.vi.去年公司的利润增加了5%。Thecompanyprofitsgrewby5%lastyear.这家人最近添丁进口了。Thefamilyhasgrowninsizerecently.3.tobecomebiggerortalleranddevelopintoanadult长大；长高；发育；成长e.g.vi.自从我上次见到你后，你又见长了！You’vegrownsincethelasttimeIsawyou!4.(linkingverb)tobegintohaveaparticularqualityorfeelingoveraperiodoftime逐渐变得；逐渐成为e.g.时间长了，他越来越没有耐心。Astimewentonhegrewmoreandmoreimpatient.Phr.v.growup1.(ofaperson人)todevelopintoanadult长大；成熟；成长e.g.她在北京长大。Shegrewup(=spentherchildhood)inBeijing.他们的孩子都已长大成人离开家了。Theirchildrenhaveallgrownupandlefthomenow.2.usedtotellsb.tostopbehavinginasillyway别那么幼稚；别耍小孩子脾气；变得老成些：e.g.你怎么就长不大呢？Whydon’tyougrowup?3.todevelopgradually逐渐发展；形成：e.g.这两个女孩的关系越来越亲密。Acloseness(n.[u]接近；极相似；亲密)grewupbetweenthetwogirls.begrownup:长大成人grown-upadj.1.(ofaperson人)mentallyandphysicallyanadult成熟的；成年的；长大的e.g.你长大后想做什么？Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyou’regrown-up?她有个已成年的儿子。Shehasagrown-upson.2.suitableforortypicalofanadult适于成人的；成年人特有的e.g.这孩子显然对别人用这种成年人的方式称呼他感到纳闷。Thechildwasclearlypuzzledatbeingaddressedinsuchagrown-upway.(addressvt.~sb.(assth.)称呼(某人)；冠以(某种称呼)：)grown-upn.(usedesp.byandtochildren尤作儿童用语)anadultperson大人；成人e.g.你要是听话就可以跟大人一起吃饭。Ifyou’regoodyoucaneatwiththegrown-ups.情态动词must的用法(Themodalverbmust)1.must的词义：must表示“必须”或“应当”。此时可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句如：e.g.我必须在九点钟离开这里。Imustleaveat9:00.士兵必须服从命令。Soldiersmustobeyorders.你必须在三点钟以前到达车站。Youmustgettothestationbeforethreeo’clock.你明天得早点来。Youmustcomeearliertomorrow.must的否定式：must的否定形式mustnot表示“不应该”或“不许可”，而不表示“不必”。语气比较强烈。如：e.g.我们不应该浪费我们的时间。Wemustn’twasteourtime.旅客不要横穿铁路。Passengersmustnotwalkacrosstherailwayline.不要错过那部电影，它好极了。Youmustn’tmissthatmovie,itisextremelygood.[注]说“不必”须用neednot。如：e.g.我们必须今天交练习吗？Mustwehandinourexercisestoday?不，不必今天交。No,youneedn’t.must用在一般疑问句中，表达“难道你不能不(做…)的含义”，这时肯定回答用must，否定回答用needn’t或don’thaveto，不用mustn’t。如：e.g.“这些房间我都得清扫吗?”“MustIcleanalltherooms?”“不必。”“No,youneedn’t.”2.must只有现在式，主要表示现在或将来，但有时也可以表示过去(多用于间接引语中)(=hadto)。如：e.g.他告诉我们在九点钟以前都得准备好。Hetolduswemustallbereadybynine.太晚了，回不去了，我们只有继续往前走。Itwastoolatetogoback,wemustgoon.[注]haveto(必须)则可以表示各种时间。如：e.g.我看你得等一会儿。Iamafraidyouwillhavetowaitawhile.我每走一步都得将双腿从雪中拔出来。AteverystepIhadtopullmylegsoutofthesnow.3.must也可表示说话人对事物的推测，但比may肯定得多，相当于汉语的“一定”或“准是”。通常只用