Optoelectronics-光电子学Phot课件

Optoelectronics光电子学

Photonics光电子

OptoelectronicsMeasurement光电测量微纳米系统实验室黎永前微纳米系统实验室黎永前Optoelectronics光电子学

Photonics1PhotonicsThescienceofphotonicsincludesthegeneration,emission,transmission,modulation,signalprocessing,switching,amplification,detectionandsensingoflight.Thetermphotonicstherebyemphasizesthatphotonsareneitherparticlesnorwaves—theyaredifferentinthattheyhavebothparticleandwavenature.PhotonicsThescienceofphoton2OptoelectronicsOptoelectronicsisthestudyandapplicationofelectronicdevicesthatsource,detectandcontrollight,usuallyconsideredasub-fieldofphotonics.Optoelectronicdevicesareelectrical-to-opticaloroptical-to-electricaltransducers,orinstrumentsthatusesuchdevicesintheiroperation.OptoelectronicsOptoelectronics3OptoelectronicsPhotoelectric

orphotovoltaiceffectphotodiodes(includingsolarcells)phototransistorsphotomultipliersTubeintegratedopticalcircuit(IOC)elementsPhotoconductivity,usedin:photoresistorsphotoconductivecameratubescharge-coupledimagingdevicesStimulatedemission,usedin:injectionlaserdiodesquantumcascadelasersRadiativerecombination,usedin-light-emittingdiodesorLEDPhotoemissivity,usedin-photoemissivecameratubeOptoelectronicsPhotoelectrico4Optoelectronics-光电子学Phot课件5Optoelectronics-光电子学Phot课件6SomePeopleweshouldknow!SomePeopleweshouldknow!7AugustinJeanFresnelAugustinJeanFresnel(1788-1827)wasaFrenchphysicist,andacivilengineer,whowasoneoftheprincipalproponentsofthewavetheoryoflight.Hemadeanumberofdistinctcontributionstoopticsincludingthewell-knownFresnellens.Duringhisenforcedleisuretimeheformulatedhiswaveideasoflightintoamathematicaltheory.AugustinJeanFresnelAugustin8DavidBrewster:polarizationlawDavidBrewster(1781-1868),aBritishphysicist,formulatedthepolarizationlawin1815AnillustrationofthepolarizationoflightwhichisincidentonaninterfaceatBrewster'sangle.DavidBrewster:polarization9LinearCircularEllipticalpolarizationstate.theevolutionoftheelectricfieldvector,alongwithitsxandycomponents(red/leftandgreen/right):LinearCircu10Linearpolarization:Theratioofthestrengthsofthetwocomponentsisconstant,sothedirectionoftheelectricvectorisconstant.Thedirectionofthislinedependsontherelativeamplitudesofthetwocomponents.Circularpolarization:Thetwoorthogonalcomponentshaveexactlythesameamplitudeandareexactlyninetydegrees.Onecomponentiszerowhentheothercomponentisatmaximumorminimumamplitude.Ellipticalpolarization:Whenthetwocomponentsarenotinphaseandneitherhavethesameamplitudeorarenotninetydegrees,thoughtheirphaseoffsetandtheiramplituderatioareconstant.Linearpolarization:Theratio11Fabry-Perot:F-PinterferometryCharlesFabry(1867-1945),left,andAlfredPerot(1863-1925),right,werethefirstFrenchphysiciststoconstructanopticalcavityforinterferometryFabry-Perot:F-Pinterferomet12WilliamLawrenceBragg(1890-1971),AustralianbornBritishphysicist,wontheNobelprizewithhisfatherWilliamHenryBraggforhis"famousequation"whenhewasonly25yearsold.WilliamLawrenceBragg(1890-113ErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRefractionChristiaanHuygens(1629-1695),aDutchphysicist,explainedthisdoublerefractionintermsofordinaryandextraordinarywaves.Whomademanycontributionstoopticsandwroteprolificallyonthesubject.ErasmusBartholinusdescribedthispropertyastheeffectofdoublerefractionErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRef14ProfessorCharlesKao:

‘Father’offiberopticswhohasbeenrecognizedastheinventoroffiberopticsisreceivinganIEEprizefromProfessorJohnMidwinter.ProfessorCharlesKao:

‘Fathe15高锟于1933年出生于中国上海金山区，1957年获得英国伦敦大学理学学士，1965年获得伦敦大学哲学博士学位。他在1965年发表的论文中提出了用石英基玻璃纤维进行长距离信息传递，为人类进入光纤通讯时代打开了大门，他因而也被广泛誉为“光纤通讯之父”。高锟于1996年当选为中国科学院外籍院士，其现在是香港高科桥有限公司主席兼行政总裁。他还是美国国家工程院院士、英国皇家工程科学院院士、英国皇家艺术学会会员、瑞典皇家工程科学院外籍院士，台湾中央研究院院士。他获得的荣誉包括爱迪生电信奖、马可尼国际奖、贝尔奖、巴伦坦奖章、利布曼奖和光电子学奖金等。高锟于1933年出生于中国上海金山区，1957年获得英国伦敦16Flashbackto1960s:thethenyoungscientistCharlesKaodoinganearlyexperimentonopticalfibreattheStandardTelecommunicationsLaboratoryatHarlow,UnitedKingdom.

Flashbackto1960s:thetheny17ErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRefraction

SailorsvisitingIcelandduringthe17thcenturybroughtbacktoEuropecalcitecrystals(Icelandspar)whichhadtheunusualpropertyofshowingdoubleimageswhenobjectswereviewedthroughit.ErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRef18AlbertEinstein:

photoelectriceffectIn1922,Einsteinwasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysicsforhisservicestoTheoreticalPhysics,andespeciallyforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect".Inhis1905paperonthephotoelectriceffect.AlbertEinstein:

photoelectri19AlbertEinstein:

quantumtheoryandBose-EinsteinstatisticsIn1917,Baseonrelativity,Einsteinproposedthepossibilityofstimulatedemission,thephysicalprocessthatmakespossiblethemaserandthelaser.ThisarticleshowedthatthestatisticsofabsorptionandemissionoflightwouldonlybeconsistentwithPlanck’sdistributionlaw.AlbertEinstein:

quantumtheor20MaxPlanckMaxPlanck(1858–1947)wasaGermanphysicist.Heisconsideredtobethefounderofthequantumtheory,oneofthemostimportantphysicistsofthetwentiethcentury.PlanckwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1918forhisworkonquantumtheory.MaxPlanckMaxPlanck(1858–121Somedevicesweshouldsee!Somedevicesweshouldsee!22LaserLaser23ListoflasertypesGaslasersChemicallasersDyelasersMetal-vaporlasersSolid-statelasersSemiconductorlasersOthertypesoflasersListoflasertypesGaslasers24AmodernstabilizedcompactHe-NelaserAlaserdiodepigtailedtoafiber.Twooftheleadsareforaback-facetphotodetectortoallowthemonitoringofthelaseroutputpower.AmodernstabilizedcompactHe25AnodeandCathodePinconfigurationInventedRed,greenandblueLEDsofthe5mmtypeLight-emittingdiodeNickHolonyakJr(1962)AnodeandCathodePinconfigura26TheinnerworkingsofanLEDPartsofanLEDTheinnerworkingsofanLEDP27Combinedspectralcurvesforblue,yellow-green,andhighbrightnessredsolid-statesemiconductorLEDs.FWHMspectralbandwidthisapproximately24–27nmforallthreecolors.Combinedspectralcurvesforb28SomeapplicationFields

weshouldlearn!SomeapplicationFields

wesh29科学仅仅是在人们懂得了测量才开始的

－门捷列夫[Mendelyeev,DmitryIvanovich]

测试仪器：PioneerofScienceResearch科学仅仅是在人们懂得了测量才开始的[Mendelyeev,D30Laserinterference、infraredsensor,approachingswitch密歇根大学数字化工厂Laserinterference、infraredse31Recongnizationofworkpiecesandpositioninindustrytest例：双目立体视觉检测系统

——简单视觉的机器人系统■自动连接引线、对准芯片和封装；■自动安装部件，自动焊接或自动切割加工、自动浇注系统等。

ApplicationofOptoelectronicsRecongnizationofworkpiecesa32Testorinspectionindimension,tolerance,assemblingposition.Testorinspectionindimensio33InmilitaryaffairsMoonlightingCollimation：no-coolinginfraredsensorLaserrangefinder：在发射20mm高爆弹时，激光测距仪可将目标的距离信息自动传输至高爆弹的爆炸引信，以精确的设定引爆时间。InmilitaryaffairsMoonlightin34BiomedicineandimaginganalysisCellCountingandStatisticComputerizedtomographymedicineimageanalysisBiomedicineandimaginganalys35RemoteSensingImage卫星遥感图像---

气象卫星（红外成象---云图---气象状况）资源卫星（多光谱成象----地质、矿藏、森林、灾害）海洋卫星（雷达成象---海洋、海浪、海滩）“勇气”号火星车发回的彩色照片“机遇”号火星车拍摄火星土壤的显微照片

12/30/202236RemoteSensingImage卫星遥感图像---AguidedbombstrikesapracticetargetAguidedbombstrikesapracti37

“嫦娥一号”所拍第一幅月面图象中国首幅月图由嫦娥一号卫星搭载的CCD立体相机采用线阵推扫的方式获取，轨道高度约200公里，每一轨的月面幅宽60公里，像元分辨率120米。嫦娥一号卫星上的CCD立体相机获取的19轨图象数据，经处理拼接而成，成像高度两百公里，像元分辨率120米，幅宽约280公里，长约460公里。3DCCD“嫦娥一号”所拍第一幅月面图象中国首幅月图由嫦娥一号卫星搭38Optoelectronics-光电子学Phot课件39Optoelectronics-光电子学Phot课件40

FTIR：FourierTransformInfRaredSpectroscopyInterferenceimagespectroscopy干涉成像光谱仪：我国是世界上首次把干涉成像光谱仪应用于月球光谱探测的国家。DifferenceoftheReflectedSpectrumcanbeusedtoidentifyMineral.利用物质被太阳光照射后呈现不同的反射光谱特征进行识别物质.TofindthemineralandPetrosaldistribution.对月表4种主要矿物：辉石、斜长石、钛铁矿、橄榄石的含量与分布进行探测分析。FTIR：FourierTransformInfR413DCCDcameraGettheoriginaldatatoReconstructthe3Dimageonthemoonsurface.给月球画张全身像获取月表同一目标星下点、前视17°、后视17°三幅二维原始数据图像，经辐射定标，重构月表三维立体影像3DCCDcameraGettheoriginal42LaserAltometer激光高度计Detectthedistancebetweenthemoonandthesatellitetoreconstructthe3Dimageofthesurfaceonthemoon.测量卫星到星下点月球表面的距离，与卫星轨道参数相结合，可提供三维影响处理所需参数。

LaserAltometer激光高度计Detectth43γ／ＸradialSpectroscopy

射线谱仪Tofindsomeunknownelementsonthemoonsurfacethroughtheγ/xradiation.发现铀和钾、硅和镁，γ/x射线谱仪具有探测月表元素受宇宙射线激发产生的γ射线和荧光x射线能谱，Togetthecontentanddistributionofelements.获得月表主要元素的含量和分布。γ／ＸradialSpectroscopy射线谱仪To44Highenergyparticlesdetector

高能粒子探测器UsedtoDetectcomponents,energy,

fluxandvarietyofhighenergyelectricparticlesbetweenthemoonandtheearth.Highenergyparticlesdetector45Iondetectorinsolarradiation

太阳风离子探测器Velocity,temperature,energyofsolarradiationbetweenthemoonandtheearth.探测地月之间的环境探测原始太阳风等离子的能谱，包括太阳风的体速度、离子温度等。Iondetectorinsolarradiatio46Optoelectronics光电子学

Photonics光电子

OptoelectronicsMeasurement光电测量微纳米系统实验室黎永前微纳米系统实验室黎永前Optoelectronics光电子学

Photonics47PhotonicsThescienceofphotonicsincludesthegeneration,emission,transmission,modulation,signalprocessing,switching,amplification,detectionandsensingoflight.Thetermphotonicstherebyemphasizesthatphotonsareneitherparticlesnorwaves—theyaredifferentinthattheyhavebothparticleandwavenature.PhotonicsThescienceofphoton48OptoelectronicsOptoelectronicsisthestudyandapplicationofelectronicdevicesthatsource,detectandcontrollight,usuallyconsideredasub-fieldofphotonics.Optoelectronicdevicesareelectrical-to-opticaloroptical-to-electricaltransducers,orinstrumentsthatusesuchdevicesintheiroperation.OptoelectronicsOptoelectronics49OptoelectronicsPhotoelectric

orphotovoltaiceffectphotodiodes(includingsolarcells)phototransistorsphotomultipliersTubeintegratedopticalcircuit(IOC)elementsPhotoconductivity,usedin:photoresistorsphotoconductivecameratubescharge-coupledimagingdevicesStimulatedemission,usedin:injectionlaserdiodesquantumcascadelasersRadiativerecombination,usedin-light-emittingdiodesorLEDPhotoemissivity,usedin-photoemissivecameratubeOptoelectronicsPhotoelectrico50Optoelectronics-光电子学Phot课件51Optoelectronics-光电子学Phot课件52SomePeopleweshouldknow!SomePeopleweshouldknow!53AugustinJeanFresnelAugustinJeanFresnel(1788-1827)wasaFrenchphysicist,andacivilengineer,whowasoneoftheprincipalproponentsofthewavetheoryoflight.Hemadeanumberofdistinctcontributionstoopticsincludingthewell-knownFresnellens.Duringhisenforcedleisuretimeheformulatedhiswaveideasoflightintoamathematicaltheory.AugustinJeanFresnelAugustin54DavidBrewster:polarizationlawDavidBrewster(1781-1868),aBritishphysicist,formulatedthepolarizationlawin1815AnillustrationofthepolarizationoflightwhichisincidentonaninterfaceatBrewster'sangle.DavidBrewster:polarization55LinearCircularEllipticalpolarizationstate.theevolutionoftheelectricfieldvector,alongwithitsxandycomponents(red/leftandgreen/right):LinearCircu56Linearpolarization:Theratioofthestrengthsofthetwocomponentsisconstant,sothedirectionoftheelectricvectorisconstant.Thedirectionofthislinedependsontherelativeamplitudesofthetwocomponents.Circularpolarization:Thetwoorthogonalcomponentshaveexactlythesameamplitudeandareexactlyninetydegrees.Onecomponentiszerowhentheothercomponentisatmaximumorminimumamplitude.Ellipticalpolarization:Whenthetwocomponentsarenotinphaseandneitherhavethesameamplitudeorarenotninetydegrees,thoughtheirphaseoffsetandtheiramplituderatioareconstant.Linearpolarization:Theratio57Fabry-Perot:F-PinterferometryCharlesFabry(1867-1945),left,andAlfredPerot(1863-1925),right,werethefirstFrenchphysiciststoconstructanopticalcavityforinterferometryFabry-Perot:F-Pinterferomet58WilliamLawrenceBragg(1890-1971),AustralianbornBritishphysicist,wontheNobelprizewithhisfatherWilliamHenryBraggforhis"famousequation"whenhewasonly25yearsold.WilliamLawrenceBragg(1890-159ErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRefractionChristiaanHuygens(1629-1695),aDutchphysicist,explainedthisdoublerefractionintermsofordinaryandextraordinarywaves.Whomademanycontributionstoopticsandwroteprolificallyonthesubject.ErasmusBartholinusdescribedthispropertyastheeffectofdoublerefractionErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRef60ProfessorCharlesKao:

‘Father’offiberopticswhohasbeenrecognizedastheinventoroffiberopticsisreceivinganIEEprizefromProfessorJohnMidwinter.ProfessorCharlesKao:

‘Fathe61高锟于1933年出生于中国上海金山区，1957年获得英国伦敦大学理学学士，1965年获得伦敦大学哲学博士学位。他在1965年发表的论文中提出了用石英基玻璃纤维进行长距离信息传递，为人类进入光纤通讯时代打开了大门，他因而也被广泛誉为“光纤通讯之父”。高锟于1996年当选为中国科学院外籍院士，其现在是香港高科桥有限公司主席兼行政总裁。他还是美国国家工程院院士、英国皇家工程科学院院士、英国皇家艺术学会会员、瑞典皇家工程科学院外籍院士，台湾中央研究院院士。他获得的荣誉包括爱迪生电信奖、马可尼国际奖、贝尔奖、巴伦坦奖章、利布曼奖和光电子学奖金等。高锟于1933年出生于中国上海金山区，1957年获得英国伦敦62Flashbackto1960s:thethenyoungscientistCharlesKaodoinganearlyexperimentonopticalfibreattheStandardTelecommunicationsLaboratoryatHarlow,UnitedKingdom.

Flashbackto1960s:thetheny63ErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRefraction

SailorsvisitingIcelandduringthe17thcenturybroughtbacktoEuropecalcitecrystals(Icelandspar)whichhadtheunusualpropertyofshowingdoubleimageswhenobjectswereviewedthroughit.ErasmusBartholinus：DoubleRef64AlbertEinstein:

photoelectriceffectIn1922,Einsteinwasawardedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysicsforhisservicestoTheoreticalPhysics,andespeciallyforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect".Inhis1905paperonthephotoelectriceffect.AlbertEinstein:

photoelectri65AlbertEinstein:

quantumtheoryandBose-EinsteinstatisticsIn1917,Baseonrelativity,Einsteinproposedthepossibilityofstimulatedemission,thephysicalprocessthatmakespossiblethemaserandthelaser.ThisarticleshowedthatthestatisticsofabsorptionandemissionoflightwouldonlybeconsistentwithPlanck’sdistributionlaw.AlbertEinstein:

quantumtheor66MaxPlanckMaxPlanck(1858–1947)wasaGermanphysicist.Heisconsideredtobethefounderofthequantumtheory,oneofthemostimportantphysicistsofthetwentiethcentury.PlanckwasawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1918forhisworkonquantumtheory.MaxPlanckMaxPlanck(1858–167Somedevicesweshouldsee!Somedevicesweshouldsee!68LaserLaser69ListoflasertypesGaslasersChemicallasersDyelasersMetal-vaporlasersSolid-statelasersSemiconductorlasersOthertypesoflasersListoflasertypesGaslasers70AmodernstabilizedcompactHe-NelaserAlaserdiodepigtailedtoafiber.Twooftheleadsareforaback-facetphotodetectortoallowthemonitoringofthelaseroutputpower.AmodernstabilizedcompactHe71AnodeandCathodePinconfigurationInventedRed,greenandblueLEDsofthe5mmtypeLight-emittingdiodeNickHolonyakJr(1962)AnodeandCathodePinconfigura72TheinnerworkingsofanLEDPartsofanLEDTheinnerworkingsofanLEDP73Combinedspectralcurvesforblue,yellow-green,andhighbrightnessredsolid-statesemiconductorLEDs.FWHMspectralbandwidthisapproximately24–27nmforallthreecolors.Combinedspectralcurvesforb74SomeapplicationFields

weshouldlearn!SomeapplicationFields

wesh75科学仅仅是在人们懂得了测量才开始的

－门捷列夫[Mendelyeev,DmitryIvanovich]

测试仪器：PioneerofScienceResearch科学仅仅是在人们懂得了测量才开始的[Mendelyeev,D76Laserinterference、infraredsensor,approachingswitch密歇根大学数字化工厂Laserinterference、infraredse77Recongnizationofworkpiecesandpositioninindustrytest例：双目立体视觉检测系统

——简单视觉的机器人系统■自动连接引线、对准芯片和封装；■自动安装部件，自动焊接或自动切割加工、自动浇注系统等。

ApplicationofOptoelectronicsRecongnizationofworkpiecesa78Testorinspectionindimension,tolerance,assemblingposition.Testorinspectionindimensio79InmilitaryaffairsMoonlightingCollimation：no-coolinginfraredsensorLaserrangefinder：在发射20mm高爆弹时，激光测距仪可将目标的距离信息自动传输至高爆弹的爆炸引信，以精确的设定引爆时间。InmilitaryaffairsMoonlightin80BiomedicineandimaginganalysisCellCountingandStatisticComputerizedtomographymedicineimageanalysisBiomedicineandimaginganalys81RemoteSensingImage卫星遥感图像---

气象卫星（红外成象---