高健康技术和疾病的根除教学课件

高健康技术和疾病的根除幻灯片本课件PPT仅供大家学习使用学习完请自行删除，谢谢！本课件PPT仅供大家学习使用学习完请自行删除，谢谢！高健康技术和疾病的根除幻灯片本课件PPT仅供大家学习Diseaseeradication:Benefits

疾病铲除：收益Betterbiologicalperformance&lowerproductioncosts较好的生物学生产性能和较低的生产本钱Lessornoantibiotics减少或不用抗生素Improvewelfarebyeliminatingsufferingfromdiseases减低因疾病导致的痛苦，改善〔动物〕福利Improvepersonalmotivation增强员工工作士气Diseaseeradication:Benefits

Impactofdiseasesfordaystomarket

因疾病而推迟上市的时间PRV伪狂犬 +7daysMange〔猪〕疥癣 +9daysEnzooticpneumonia猪喘气病+12daysRespDiscomplex 呼吸道混合感染+>10daysImpactofdiseasesfordaystoDiseaseeradicationsteps

疾病铲除步骤Epidemiologyanddiagnosticmap流行病学和诊断过程图示 -Understandhosts,carriers&transmission弄清宿主、带菌者和传播途径 -Establishguidelines&education确立〔防治〕原那么并进展教育 -Identifyinfectedareasandfarms确认感染的范围和猪场 -Calculatebenefits&costs核算补贴和本钱Applicationofinterventionmethods〔疾病〕干预手段的施行 -Evaluateallpossiblemethodstointervene评估所有可能的〔用于控制疫情〕的干预手段3. Monitoring&surveillance监测与监视 -Reviewallbio-securitymeasures检查所有的生物平安措施 -Sampling&monitoringmethods取样与监测方法 -Samplesize&frequency抽样数量与频率 -Industry/government行业〔自律〕/政府〔管理〕Diseaseeradicationsteps

疾病铲除TargetsforSwinediseaseeradication

猪病铲除的目标Singlestage;Breeding,nursery,G/Forboarstud单级；繁育群、保育群、生长/育肥群或公猪群Singlefarm单个猪场Withinapyramid(Toptobottom)整个金字塔型构造体系〔从顶到底〕Regionaleradication区域范围内铲除 -Geographical地理意义上的区域 -Administrativedistrict行政区域Provincialregion省级区域Nation-wide国家范围TargetsforSwinediseaseeradExamplesofswinediseaseeradication

猪病铲除实例Mange Medication&sanitation疥癣药物治疗和公共卫生AR(P.multocidaD) Test&removal萎鼻〔多杀性巴氏杆菌D型〕检测和去除Swinedysentery Medication&sanitation猪痢疾药物治疗和公共卫生M.hyopneumoniae Partialdepop(eg.Norway)S.Choleraesuis猪鼻支原体猪霍乱沙门氏菌局部空群〔例如挪威〕PRV伪狂犬 Vaccinationandtesting疫苗免疫和检测PRRS蓝耳病 Herdclose-up,partialdepop封群，局部空群TGE猪传染性胃肠炎 Off-sitefarrowing场外分娩Hogcholera猪霍乱 Vaccinationandmonitoring疫苗免疫和监控FMDV口蹄疫病毒 Depopulation 空群 ExamplesofswinediseaseeradMajoranimaldiseaseseradicatedfromtheU.S.美国主要动物疾病的铲除Contagiousbovinepleuropn 1892 1.5$million*〔百万美圆〕牛传染性胸膜肺炎Fowlplague 1929 1.1鸡瘟FMD(6epizootics) 1929 253口蹄疫〔6种家畜流行病〕Cattlefeverticks 1943 92牛热病蜱类Vesicularexanthema 1959 48水泡疹Venezuelanequineencephalitis 1971 19委内瑞拉马脑炎Sheepscabies 1973 65绵羊疥螨Newcastledisease 1974 56新城疫Hogcholera 1978 140猪霍乱*OverallcostsMajoranimaldiseaseseradicatManagingHealthassurance

安康保障的管理Differentobjectiveindiseasecontrols在疾病控制中的不同目标Breedingcompany–Healthstatus(yesorno)种猪公司——安康状况〔是或否〕 -Mainlyinfectiousdiseases主要传染性疾病 -Lesswithhereditaryproblem次要遗传问题Commercialfarms–Healthlevel(highorlow)商业猪场——安康等级〔高或低〕 -Bothinfectiousandnoninfectious包括传染性和非传染性因素 -Variety&severityofclinicaldiseases临床疾病的多样性和严重程度ManagingHealthassurance

安康保障Diseaselevel疾病等级DoseofpathogenXVirulenceXStress Resistanceofpigs病原的感染剂量×毒力×应激/猪群的抵抗力Diseaselevel疾病等级DeterminationofHerdHealthLevels

猪群安康等级确实定Recordkeeping以往保存的记录 -Productiondata生产数据 -Economicallyimportantdiseases〔有〕重要经济〔影响〕的疾病Monitoringserostatus血清学状况监测 -Serumbanksfordifferentserologictests血清库的各种血清学检验 -PRRS,PRV,SIV,TGE,APP,M.hyoetc.蓝耳病、伪狂犬、猪流感、猪传染性胃肠炎，猪传染性胸膜肺炎、肺炎支原体等On-farmnecropsy&slaughterchecks田间剖检和屠宰检验 -Postmortemrecords&definitivediagnosis剖检记录和最后诊断 -Pneumonia,parasiteatslaughter屠宰中〔发现的〕肺炎、寄生虫DeterminationofHerdHealthLDiseasefreeforbreedingstock

繁殖(猪)群应铲除的疾病PRV伪狂犬PRRS蓝耳病APP猪传染性胸膜肺炎AR–ToxigenicPmbytonsilarswab萎鼻－产毒的多杀性巴氏杆菌由扁桃体拭子〔取材〕M.hyo猪霉形体肺炎TGE猪传染性胃肠炎Mange疥癣Swinedysentery猪痢疾Illeitis增生性肠炎DiseasefreeforbreedingstocAirbornetransmission经呼吸道传播Flies<2milesTGEV–3days猪传染性胃肠炎病毒－3天 苍蝇<2英里Strepsuis-2-5days链球菌－2－5天 T.hyo–4hours痢疾迷螺旋体－4小时Birds25miles–TGEV,Erysipelas,Salmonella,Tb鸟类25英里－猪传染性胃肠炎病毒、丹毒菌、沙门氏菌、结核菌Rats&mice1-2milesEMCV鼠类1－2英里脑心肌炎病毒Dogs&cats:TGEV(14days),T.hyo(13days)犬和猫：猪传染性胃肠炎病毒〔14天〕，痢疾密螺旋体〔13天〕FMDV185milesonseaor12milesonland口蹄疫病毒〔传播〕海上185英里或陆上12英里PRV30milesonseaor6milesonland伪狂犬病毒〔传播〕海上30英里或陆上6英里Airbornetransmission经呼吸道传播FlSuggestedoptimalseparationdistances

〔猪场〕建议最正确间隔距离Muirhead1989300yards A.pleuropneumoniae放线菌300码 P.multocida多杀性巴氏杆菌 Serpulinahyodysenteriae痢疾密螺旋体 TGEvirus猪传染性胃肠炎病毒2miles M.hyopnumoniae肺炎支原体2英里 Strepsuis链球菌5miles Pseudorabiesvirus5英里伪狂犬病毒SuggestedoptimalseparationdMaintaininghighhealthsecurity

维持高安康的平安措施Purchasethebestgeneticswithfewestdiseases购置带疾病最少、遗传性状最正确的猪 -Findoutdiseaselevelsinsourcefarm调查清楚原种猪场的疾病等级 -Serotestingforimportantdiseases对重要疾病进展血清学检验 -Vaccination&re-vaccination免疫接种或再次免疫Isolation&quarantinefor30-60days隔离并检疫30－60天 -Propercleaning&disinfection彻底地清洁和消毒 -Separateareafromotherpigs与其他猪只的饲养区域相隔离 -Keepofftraffics,rodents,humanetc防止运输工具、啮齿类、外来人员进入MaintaininghighhealthsecuriComputerizedrecordsystems

记录系统的计算机化Informationisonlygoodasgoodasdataentered

计算机输入的数据最好与实际信息一致Whensettingupreports,makesurelengthofperiodislargeenoughforameaningfulconclusion

当起草报告的时候，应该确保报告周期的时间长度足够得出有意义的结论。Whensettingupweeklyreports,makesuredataaresetasthelastdayoftheweek当起草周报时，应确认该周的最后一天的数据以被记录。Computerizedrecordsystems

记录高健康技术和疾病的根除教学课件Reasonsforserumprofiling

建立血清曲线的原因Pinpointingpathogenexposure搞清病原感染强度Routinediagnosticwork例行的诊断工作Vaccinationtiming疫苗接种时间Measurevaccineefficacy评估免疫效果Buildherdhealthplan建立畜群安康方案Evaluateproductionprotocols(eg.MMEW)评价生产规程〔如改进加药早期断奶〕Establishdiseaseeradicationscheme(eg.PRRS)制定疾病净化方案〔如蓝耳病〕Reasonsforserumprofiling

建立Slaughtercheck屠宰检验Slaughtercheck屠宰检验PigMONSlaughtercheckprogram

〔美国〕猪检测方案的屠宰检验程序

Goals目标 -Betteranimalhealth&productionperformance猪有更好的安康状况和生产性能 -Reducedantibioticsuse&riskofresidues减少抗生素的使用和残留风险 -Reducedcondemnations&delaysatslaughter 减低屠宰中的销毁和延迟 -Moreuniformproduct 更加均一的产品 -Improvedprofitabilityoftheswineindustry改善养猪业的盈利情况Keycomponents 关键的组成局部 -Standardmethodsfordescribinglesions 病变描述方式的标准化 -Statisticallybasedsampling 以采样为根底的统计 -Training&qualitycontrolofveterinarians兽医的培训与质量监控-Maintaincentralizedresearchdatabase对集中式研究用数据库的维护PigMONSlaughtercheckprogramConditionsmonitoredbySlaughtercheck

屠宰监测Papulardermatitis 丘疹性皮炎 Score〔标记〕Liverwhitespots 肝脏白点Score〔标记〕Enzooticpneumonia地方性流行性肺炎 Score〔标记〕Pleuritis 胸膜炎 Score〔标记〕Atrophicrhinitis 萎缩性鼻炎 Score〔标记〕Peritonitis,pericarditis,pleuropneumonia，ilealthickening------------------yes/no腹膜炎、心包炎、胸膜肺炎、回肠增厚—————————————————有/无Lungworm,abscess,tuberculosis,hernia,erysipelas,ulcer,arthritis,sorefeet,kidneyworm,nephritis---------remark肺线虫、脓肿、结核、疝气、丹毒、溃疡、关节炎、腐蹄、肾虫、肾炎——记录于备注ConditionsmonitoredbySlaughSeasonalpatternoflesionsatslaughter

屠宰中不同季节病变〔情况〕列表

Summer Fall Winter Spring

夏天秋天冬天春天Pneumonia + +++ + +++肺炎Pleuritis +++ +++ + +++胸膜炎AR +++ + + +萎鼻Ascarids +++ + + +蛔虫Dermatitis + + +++ +++ 皮炎SeasonalpatternoflesionsatSlaughtercheck:Pitfalls屠宰检验：缺点MonitoringlesionsduringlimitedG/Fphase监控的病变仅局限于生长/育肥群阶段猪的状况Morebenefitsforpackers提高了食品生产厂的费用Weakatdetectingdiseases对疾病检验的效果有限Mostdiseaselesionsdonotlastlong许多疾病病变并不持久 -Manydiseasescannotbediagnosedbygrosslesion许多疾病不能通过眼观病变来诊断 -Nocleardataforlesionresolutionforeachdisease没有清楚的病变数据来区分每种疾病Slaughtercheck:Pitfalls屠宰检验Estimatedcostvalueperpig

每头猪的估计本钱价值Genetics

猪种优选 $10-17All-in/all-out全进全出 $5-8Splitsexfeeding分性别饲养 $2Phasefeeding 分阶段饲养 $2AI 人工授精$1-3Marketing 销售 $1-2JimDick,1994Estimatedcostvalueperpig

每Applicationofhighhealthtechnologies

高安康技术的应用ConsiderbreedingCo.vscommercialfarmsalsocostsvsbenefits考量育种公司和商业猪场，也要考量本钱与收益GnotobioticC-sectionderivednucleusherds剖腹产无菌饲养猪群派生出的核心群SPForMDherds无特定病原菌群或最小疾病群MEW,EW,MMEW加药早期断奶、早期断奶、改进加药早期断奶Nursery(partial)depopulation保育阶段清群〔局部空群〕Depopulationandrepopulation清群和复群Segregatedparityproduction隔离产次方式生产ApplicationofhighhealthtecChangeoftechnologiesfordiseaseeradicationandhighhealth疾病铲除和高安康技术的变迁

70’ C-section&SPF剖腹产群和无特定病原菌群

80’ Depopulation/repopulation清群/复群 MEW/All-in/all-out加药早期断奶/全进/全出 Batchfarrowing&production同时分娩和按批生产 Slaughtercheck屠宰检验 90’ Isolation&qurantine隔离与检疫 SEW/Multi-siteproduction早期隔离断奶/多地点生产

00’ Strategicherdclosure策略性封群 Segregatedparityproduction隔离产次生产方式ChangeoftechnologiesfordisAll-in/all-outproduction全进全出式生产 Benefitsonlybystrictrules效益来源于严格而准确的规那么Improvehealthlevel改善安康水平Reducedependencyonmedication减少对药物的依赖 -Byroom在猪栏 -Bybuilding在猪舍 -Bysite在场地All-in/all-outproduction全进全出ImprovementbyAI/AO

全进全出养猪效益的改善 Before After Difference使用前使用后差异ADG平均日增重1.34lb〔磅〕 1.36 1% FCR 饲料转化率 2.32 2.26 3% Drugcost/pig用药本钱/头$2.13 1.80 29%Mortality死亡率4.3% 2.5 4.6 *4farms1,470sows(15-200lbs)4个猪场1470头母猪(15-200磅) Kingston1997 ImprovementbyAI/AO全进全出养猪效益的ImprovementbyAI/AOADG&FCR

全进全出养猪效益的改善平均日增重和饲料转化率Continuousflow 100%连续作业AI/AObyroom–commonaccesspassage 113%全进/全出平房－常规通道AI/AObyroom–accessonlyfromoutside 118%全进/全出平房－单入口AI/AObybuilding 121-125%全进/全出楼房AI/AObysite >130%全进/全出场地ImprovementbyAI/AOADG&FMEWPrinciples

加药早期断奶原理Useolderparitysowsandvaccinatedfemalesforcolostrolantibodies 利用较老的经产母猪和经免母猪的母源抗体 Specificantibiotictreatmentforsowspriortofarrowingandafterfarrowingtodecreasesheddingofagents产前和产后对母猪使用特效抗生素以其减少散毒。Treatpigletswithspecificantibioticsuntilweanedat10-21days对仔猪使用特效抗生素，直到在10－21天龄时断奶。Weaningagedependsonagentyouaretryingtoeliminate根据需要去除的疾病来决定断奶日龄。MEWPrinciples加药早期断奶原理UseoldApproximateagefordifferentinfection

〔针对〕不同疾病感染的近似〔断奶〕日龄 Atrophicrhinitis 萎缩性鼻炎

Bordetella波氏杆菌2-3weeksofageToxigenicpasttypeD多杀性巴氏杆菌D群1week

Streptococcussuis

链球菌1week H.parasuis

嗜血杆菌2week APP猪传染性胸膜肺炎3week M.hyopneumonia肺炎支原体 2week Mangeandlice疥癣和虱子1day

Approximateagefordifferent仔猪用药母猪免疫隔离距离疾病成功失败断奶日龄较大较小仔猪用药母猪免疫隔离距离疾病成功失败断奶日龄较大较小PartialDepopulation局部空群Whentoapply 应用时机 -Justifyobviousproductionlosses e.g.Mortality,growthrate,non-marketablepigs确证有明显的生产损失如死亡率、生长速率、无市场价值猪-Identifyobviousagegroupwithproblem PRRS:6-10wks,chronicTGE:2-4wks 发现某个年龄段的猪明显有问题如蓝耳病：6－10周龄、慢性猪传染性胃肠炎：2-4周龄Whattoprepare 准备什么 -Seroprofilingdataofeachproblempathogen各导致问题病原的血清学曲线数据-Planaheadtolessinterruptproductionflow先作好方案以减少对生产流程的中断-Warmerseasons 在温暖的季节进展 -Availableoff-sitefacility 启用场外设施-Stopmateforadesignatedperiod 有方案地中断配种一段时间 PartialDepopulation局部空群WheNurseryisinfectioncircus

保育舍是感染的温床Noorlittlematernalantibodiesfornurserypigs保育猪母源抗体消失或低下Mixedbymanydifferentlitters许多不同窝仔猪的混群Weaningstress 断奶应激 -NeedAI/AObyairspace 需要全进/全出的通风空间 -<7daysagespread/group低于7日龄的猪应散养/同窝饲养 -Bio-securitybygroup 保育群的生物平安措施

Nurseryisinfectioncircus

保NurseryDepopulation

保育阶段清群Manyimportantpathogensinfectpigs during6-10wksageaslackofmaternalantibodiestoPRRS,PRV,APP,AR,mycoplasma,HCVetc许多重要的病原侵犯仔猪，在6-10周龄仔猪缺乏对抗蓝耳病、伪狂犬、传染性胸膜肺炎、萎鼻、支原体、猪瘟病毒等的母源抗体 Breakchainsofinfectionforincomingnurserypigsfromolderinfectedorcarrierpigs打断从感染猪、带毒猪身上感染引入保育猪传播途径Depopulatethenurserypensorbuildings 保育舍或猪舍清群Clean,disinfect,disinfect&dryatleastfor2week清洁、消毒，之后再消毒并枯燥至少2周Routinelyonceayearduringwarmerseasonstoimproveoverallhealthlevel 每年在较温暖的季节进展一次，以提高全场的安康水平NurseryDepopulation保育阶段清群MaCharacteristicsofrecurrentPRRSnurseryproblem

保育猪中存在蓝耳病持续感染问题的特征Longtermsuboptimaldailygain–ADGupto15%less长期日增重未达标——平均日增重减少15％Higherfeedtogain(FE)ratio需要更多饲料到达增重率〔降低饲料效率〕Post-weaningmortalityupto15%-2×pre-PRRSlevel断奶后死亡率高达15％-2倍于蓝耳病感染前水平Highsecondaryinfection高的继发感染率Cyclicmorbidity&mortalitywithmonths发病和死亡率出现按月循环的状况Thelossesmayvarybyvirusstrain&2ndinfection损失由毒株不同和二次感染而改变 CharacteristicsofrecurrentFarmsusedforNDtoeliminatePRRSV

猪场采用保育阶段清群方式铲除蓝耳病FarmsusedforNDtoeliminateNurserydepopulation:Protocol

保育阶段清群：规程Day1:Emptyrooms,pumppits,washanddisinfect(formaldehydebase)第一天：空栏、清空水泵坑、清洗和消毒〔甲醛为根底的消毒剂〕Day2:Repeatpumpingpits,washinganddisinfecting(phenolbase).Allowfacilitytodryandempty第二天：再次清空水泵坑，清洗、消毒〔苯酚为根底的消毒剂〕。设施清空枯燥Day13:Repeatwashinganddisinfecting(formaldehydebase)第十三天：再次清洗消毒〔甲醛为根底的消毒剂〕Day14:Resumeconventionalpigflow第十四天：重新开场常规猪〔生产〕流程Nurserydepopulation:ProtocolPRRSantibodystatusofthefarmsbeforeND

保育阶段清群前猪场的蓝耳病抗体水平 Pigs 〔猪类别〕Farm1猪场1Farm2猪场2Farm3猪场3Sows 母猪 0/10* 0/10 0/10 Nursery保育猪 3-4wksold3－4周龄 0/10 0/10 0/10 8-9wksold8－9周龄 7/10 8/10 10/10 Finishing育成猪 5-6mthsold5－6个月大5/10 3/10 4/10 *Numberofpositive/numbertested*阳性数/检测数

PRRSantibodystatusofthefaNurseryperformanceandPRRSVantibodystatus

保育猪生长性能和蓝耳病抗体状况

Before/afternurserydepopulation

保育阶段清群前/后 % Av平均数 %seropositiveFarm mortality dailygain at9wksofage猪场 死亡率日增重9周龄血清阳性率10.0/0.28 0.3/0.8 80/015.0/1.0 0.25/0.75 75/04.0/2.0 0.9/0.9 70/0NurseryperformanceandPRRSVOptionsfortemporarynurserypigproduction

临时保育猪生产的候选方法Off-site猪场外Sellasfeederpigs保育猪作断奶仔猪肉用卖掉Userentedfacilities使用租用设施On-site在猪场内WeanpigsintoG/Frooms断奶猪转入育成舍Holdpigsatfarrowingpens断奶猪继续在分娩舍Skipbreedingforaperiod跳过繁育一段时间Buildtemporaryout-doornurseryrooms兴建临时室外保育舍OptionsfortemporarynurseryUnsuccessfulPRRSclean-upbyND

保育阶段清群无法成功去除蓝耳病Carrierbreedingstockpurchase购置了携带PRRS病毒的繁殖群Off-sitegiltholdingfacility外场饲养后备母猪仍在原有设施中Proximitytocarrierpigs与带菌猪有接触Improperserologypattern错误的血清学检验结果Didnotfollowclean/disinfectprotocol没有执行清洁/消毒的规程Coexistingairspace〔与病猪〕共用通风空间Unknown 未知因素 UnsuccessfulPRRSclean-upbyF-10vsconventionalnursery

F-10式保育舍与传统保育舍比照 F-10systemF-10〔饲养〕系统Conventional传统〔方式〕 No.ofpigs容纳猪数目 3,112 4,010 ADGlb 平均日增重〔磅〕 0.79 0.55Feed:gain饲料：增重 1.7 2.0%mortality死亡率 2.1 4.0Avageindays 平均入舍日龄〔天〕24 22Avwtinlb平均入舍体重〔磅〕13.25 13.12Avageoutdays平均转栏日龄〔天〕34 43 Avwtoutlb转栏平均体重〔磅〕41 43 KirkSchuiteman1992 F-10vsconventionalnursery

AmedicationprotocolforM.hyoeliminationingiltlitter

一种在初产母猪中铲除支原体〔病〕的药物治疗规程 Kernetal1998,AASP Day1 ¼mlExenel(Upjohn)头孢菌素Day3 50mgOxytet土霉素 Day10 50mgOxytet土霉素 Day10-17(weaning)100mgOxytet 土霉素 Nurserystarter35g/tTiamulin+400g/tChlorotetfor2wks保育开场时使用 泰妙灵金霉素连用2周Nursery3rdwk-CSP250for4wks保育第三周起－CSP250连用4周 (100g/tChlorotet100g/tSulfathiazole 50g/tPenicillin) 金霉素 磺胺塞唑青霉素*Thesepigsat10,11,&12weeksofagewereM.hyoELISAnegative *所有猪在10、11、12周龄时支原体的ELISA检测呈阴性。AmedicationprotocolforM.

WhentoRepopulate

复群时机1.Lowproductivity:Bornalive<8,ADG,F/Gproblem

低繁殖能力：出生存活<8,平均日增重，饲料增重率问题2.Geneticproblem:Slowgrowth,Poorsurvival&milking

遗传问题：低生长速率，低存活率和泌乳能力3.Specificdiseases:Pseudorabies>30%，Swinedysentery,HPPtype1特定的疾病：伪狂犬感染>30%,猪痢疾，嗜血杆菌性胸膜肺炎类型14.Otherfactors:Highfeedprice，Marginalhogprices

其他因素：饲料价格高，猪的边界价格WhentoRepopulate复群时机1.LoWhattoexpectfromRepopulation

从复群中期望什么Upto20%moreweightmarketed到达上市体重的猪多20％BetterADGupto15%较好的平均日增重增加15％ReduceF/Gupto10%料肉比减少10％Lowermedicationcosts较低的用药本钱Fewerundervaluedpigs较少的低价猪Theadvantageswillpersist2-4yrs 这些好处将持续2-4年 WhattoexpectfromRepopulatiRepopulationschedule复群进度表Off-siterent Date Homefarm租用的猪场日期原有的猪场Gilts&boararrive May1 Rodentcontrol后备母猪、种公猪到达啮齿类控制Beginbreeding June1 Stopbreeding停顿配种开场配种 Aug10 Stopfarrowing停顿分娩 Sellsows&allweanedpigs出售所有母猪和断奶猪 Sept5 Allpigsofffarm所有猪离开农场 Sept5-10 Finalclean&disinfect最后清洁和消毒Movebledgilts Sept15去除残弱母猪 Sept20 Beginfarrowing开场分娩Downtime:6weeks(8/10-9/20)停工期：6周 Repopulationschedule复群进度表OffRulesforRepopulation复群的规那么1.Planaheadabout1year在一年前作好方案 -Stopbuyingorselectingbreedingstock停顿购置或选育繁殖群 -Cleanupiseasierinsummer在夏天清理较为容易 2.Selectsourceofreplacement选择用于替代的种猪 -Buyfromonefarm 从其他猪场购置 -Examineproduction&healthstatus 检测生产性能和安康状况 Farrowingrate>85%:>20pigs/sow/year产仔率>85％：>20头/每头母猪/每年 Herdfeedefficiency<3.4 猪群饲料肉比<3.4 Carcassquality:Offspringuniformity 胴体品质：后代均一 3.Minimize“Downtime〞 最少的停工时间 -Establishanoff-sitebreeding 建立一个场外的繁育群 -Purchasepregnantgilts($1.25/gilt-day)购置 妊娠的后备母猪〔$1.25/头-天〕4.Establishnewstandardsfordiseasesecurity建立新的疾病平安标准

RulesforRepopulation复群的规那么

Depop/Repopulationoptions

清群/复群选项1.Brednewgiltsinseparatefinishingbarn 在隔离的育成舍中繁殖新的后备母猪 2.Bringinbredgiltsfromsupplier 从供给商哪里引入后备母猪 3.Setupanoff-sitebreeding 建立一个场外的繁殖群 4.Partialdepop/repopulation 局部空群/复群 **Diseaseproblemsinrepopherds 复群猪群的疾病问题 1.Scoursduetolowcolostrumbygilts 腹泻导致后备母猪初乳减少 2.Greasypig 猪身体过胖 3.Congenitaltremor 先天性振颤 4.Ileitis 回肠炎 5.Streptococcussuis 链球菌 6.H.parasuis 嗜血杆菌 Depop/Repopulationoptions清群ProductioncomparisonofDepop/Repop

清群/复群的生产性能比较

12months 12个月

Before前

After后Bornalive 每窝存活9.9 11.0No.wean/litter断奶猪数目/产仔 8.8 9.9Farrowingrate产仔率86.6 90.5PWmortality%断奶前死亡率4.45 1.58P/S/Y 每头母猪年均产仔数19.77 22.53 ProductioncomparisonofDepopDepop/Repopulation:Risks

清群/复群：风险Failuretocommittotheproject无法完成生产指标Sourceherdbreakdown源种群的破坏Poorgeneticselection缺乏遗传选择Oldideainnewherd在新猪群的旧观念Forgettingrepopisateamwork忘记复群是集体协调的工作Wrongherdhealthplaninnewherd新群中订立错误的群体安康方案Depop/Repopulation:Risks清群/复ExampleofRepopulation

复群实例 (200sows,32crates)〔200头母猪，32栏舍〕 1.275gilts&12boarspurchased购置275头后备母猪和12头公猪2.8.6sows/crate 8.6头母猪/栏舍 3.Targetfarrowing:250sows 分娩目标：250头母猪 Month 月份 1 2 3 4 5 Sows 母猪 60 50 50 45 45 *Usefrontheavyfarrowing采用第一分娩顶峰的记录ExampleofRepopulation复群实例 Fivecomponentsofsegregatedparityproduction隔离胎次生产方式的五个局部FivecomponentsofsegregatedSegregatedparityproduction隔离胎次生产方式

P1systemforsmallerfarms较小型猪场的P1系统GiltDevlopUnit后备母猪驯化圈Parity1farm产次1的猪场FarmA>P2猪场A>P2Acclimatization环境适应FarmB>P2猪场B>P2FarmC>P2猪场C>P2FarmD>P2猪场D>P2SegregatedparityproductionPost-infectionperiodofintroducedgilts

PRRSvirusorM.hyopneumoniae

感染后引种时间蓝耳病病毒或支原体

Conventional SPPsystem

传统隔离产次生产系统Infectionage 2-3monthsold 2-3monthsold感染月龄2-3月龄2-3月龄Ageforgiltintroduction 6-7months 12-13months引种猪月龄6-7月龄12-13月龄Post-infectionperiod 4months 10months感染后引种时间4个月10个月Post-infectionperiodofintroSPP:Advantages隔离产次生产Specializedgiltmanagements:Nutrition,service,feedingandothers专门的母猪管理：营养、设施、饲料和其他Uniformperformancein>P-2sowfarms生产性能的一致性>P-2母猪猪场Betterweaningweight,ADGandFEduringN/G/Fforthelittersof>P-2sowfarms仔猪在整个生长过程中更好的断奶体重、平均日增重、饲料效率>P-2母猪猪场Isolationandacclimatization:MayonlyneedforP-1sowfarm隔离与环境适应：可能仅P-1母猪猪场需要Longercoolingperiodandsolidimmunityagainstdifferentdiseasesfor>P-2farmsows更长的产仔间隔和对各种疾病都有坚强的免疫>P-2母猪猪场Potentialdiseaseelimination–Noorlittlerisksofintroducingcarriersows e.g.PRRSV,M.hyopneumoniae潜在疾病的去除——引种带菌母猪的风险几乎没有或很低的如蓝耳病，肺炎支原体SPP:Advantages隔离产次生产SpecialSPP:Applicationandrequirements

隔离产次生产：适用和要求Applications适用Multi-sitesowproductionfarmsunderacorporatecompany属于一个公司有多个可用作母猪生产场的场地Threeto5sowfarmownerswithcommoninterest3到5个属于一个共同利益团体的母猪生产猪场Twoormoremultiplierfarmswithlowhealthlevels两个或以上的繁殖场低安康水平Canbeappliedanytimewithoutmuchinterruptionwithcurrentproductionflow可以随时应用不会长期打断流水线式的生产Requirements要求Similarhealthlevelsandsamegenetic同样的安康状况和遗传背景PriceforP1sowatweaning在P1母猪断奶时的投资SPP:ApplicationandrequiremeN/G/Fflowsfromsegregatedparitysows

隔离产次母猪的仔猪保育/生长/育成流程P1N/G/FUnitsP1保育/生长/育成圈P1farmP1猪场Farm>P3猪场>P3P2farmP2猪场Farm>P3猪场>P3NGFNGFNGFNGFNGFN/G/FflowsfromsegregatedpaComparisonofP1andP2progenyinnurseryandfinishingbarnsP1和P2后裔在保育舍及育成舍的比较 P1pigs P2pigsWeaningwt(kg)断奶体重 5.30 5.70%nurserymortality 保育期死亡率 3.17 2.55NurseryADG(g/day)保育期平均日增重 412 435Nurserydrugcost(Can$) 保育期药物本钱2.15 0.85%finishingmortality育成期死亡率 4.31 2.95FinishingADG(g/day)育成期平均日增重 735 765Finishingdrugcost(Can$) 育成期药物本钱1.82 1.01Lungsw/enzpneumonia% 31 11 CamilleMoore2001ComparisonofP1andP2progenSegregatedparityproductionReproductiverecords

隔离胎次生产的繁殖记录

P1 P2 >P3 Total%Repeat 6.4 9.8 5.8 6.9重配率Liveborn/litter 10.5 11.5 10.7 10.7窝产活仔%stillborn 8.2 6.9 10.6 9.1死胎率%mummified 2.1 0.9 1.0 1.3木乃伊胎比例%farrowingrate 82 81 78 80分娩率Totalborn/female/yr 25.1 26.6 25.0 25.4每头母猪年总产仔头数Nonproductiveday/yr 33 28 38 35非生产天数/年SegregatedparityproductionRRisksrelatedtoSegregatedParityProduction隔离产次生产方式涉及的风险Reduceflexibilityinasystem降低了生产系统的灵活性Biosecurityrisk生物平安方面的风险Moredifficultinasystemunderexpansion增加生产系统扩展的难度Difficulttoexposepathogens难以暴露病原Increasenumberofmovement增加了转群的次数RisksrelatedtoSegregatedPa高健康技术和疾病的根除幻灯片本课件PPT仅供大家学习使用学习完请自行删除，谢谢！本课件PPT仅供大家学习使用学习完请自行删除，谢谢！高健康技术和疾病的根除幻灯片本课件PPT仅供大家学习Diseaseeradication:Benefits

疾病铲除：收益Betterbiologicalperformance&lowerproductioncosts较好的生物学生产性能和较低的生产本钱Lessornoantibiotics减少或不用抗生素Improvewelfarebyeliminatingsufferingfromdiseases减低因疾病导致的痛苦，改善〔动物〕福利Improvepersonalmotivation增强员工工作士气Diseaseeradication:Benefits

Impactofdiseasesfordaystomarket

因疾病而推迟上市的时间PRV伪狂犬 +7daysMange〔猪〕疥癣 +9daysEnzooticpneumonia猪喘气病+12daysRespDiscomplex 呼吸道混合感染+>10daysImpactofdiseasesfordaystoDiseaseeradicationsteps

疾病铲除步骤Epidemiologyanddiagnosticmap流行病学和诊断过程图示 -Understandhosts,carriers&transmission弄清宿主、带菌者和传播途径 -Establishguidelines&education确立〔防治〕原那么并进展教育 -Identifyinfectedareasandfarms确认感染的范围和猪场 -Calculatebenefits&costs核算补贴和本钱Applicationofinterventionmethods〔疾病〕干预手段的施行 -Evaluateallpossiblemethodstointervene评估所有可能的〔用于控制疫情〕的干预手段3. Monitoring&surveillance监测与监视 -Reviewallbio-securitymeasures检查所有的生物平安措施 -Sampling&monitoringmethods取样与监测方法 -Samplesize&frequency