Chapter3艺术文化娱乐

第三章文化，艺术，娱乐SectionI

英译中音乐aria

n.独唱曲，咏叹调backgroundmusic

n.背景音乐band

n.乐队baritonen.男中音bass

n.低音部，男低音，低音乐器beat

n.节奏，鼓点brass

n.铜管乐器，或铜管乐队Broadwaymusicals

n.百老汇音乐剧canon

n.卡农，一种乐曲形式，其中同样的旋律被一个或多个声部重复，同一调或相关调彼此在时间上重合chord

n.和弦，和音composer

n.作家，作曲家concerto

n.协奏曲conductor

n.管弦乐队、合唱队指挥contemporarymusic

n.当代音乐crescendo

n.声音渐增，渐强decrescendo

n.渐弱dissonanc

n.不谐和音，不一致duet

n.二重奏finale

n.（戏剧的）最后一场，结局，终曲，（电视剧）最后一集flat

n.[音]降半音foxtrot

n.狐步舞，狐步舞曲fugue

n.[音]赋格曲genre

n.类型，流派acidjazz

酸性爵士alternative另类（非主流）音乐，如gaymusic（同性恋音乐）bluegrass蓝草音乐--起源于美国南方的民间音乐，特色为音乐轻快和象爵士乐那样即兴演奏blues

布鲁斯歌曲（蓝调音乐）Celtic凯尔特音乐（尤指爱尔兰风格）classical古典乐country乡村音乐dance劲爆蹦迪音乐easylistening轻音乐electronica电子音乐environmentalmusic环境音乐experimental实验音乐folk民族音乐fusion融合音乐heavymetal/hardrock重金属摇滚hip-hop/urban嘻蹦乐，又译嘻哈house电子乐的一种（注：HipHop或Rap源于纽约黑人区，HouseMusic源于芝加哥，但多为白人所作，同时HouseMusic主要为强调BassLine及Drums的音乐花招，并不涉及文化觉醒或社会运动等主题。）Indie-Rock独立音乐（属于另类音乐）jazz

爵士乐JazzBlues爵士布鲁斯Latin拉丁乐musicals音乐剧NewAge新时代乐风--以在某些乐器上宁静的即兴创作为特征的现代音乐，例如风琴、吉它或合成器。以梦幻般的悦耳音乐和民族器乐的乐风而闻名Punk/Newwave朋克/新浪潮R&B节奏布鲁斯Rap说唱Reggae雷鬼乐，一种风格独特的牙买加音乐Retro怀旧音乐Softrock慢摇滚soulmusic

（美国黑人）爵士灵歌，

结合了福音唱诗以及节奏布鲁斯音乐的特点soundtrack电影配乐swing

摇摆乐，形成于1935年前后的一种流行舞蹈音乐，以爵士乐为基础，但运用更简单的和声和节奏形式以及更大的管乐队Techno强烈动感的电子音乐Trance非常Hi的电子舞曲，迷幻电子乐gospel

n.福音音乐harmony

n.[音]和弦，和声，悦耳的声音组合hymn

n.赞美诗，圣歌v.唱赞美歌improvisationn.即席创作lipsynchingv./n.对口型，假唱lyricsn.抒情诗，歌词marchn.[音]进行曲melody

n.旋律operan.歌剧opus

n.作品orchestra

n.管弦乐队alargemusicalensembleconsistingofstring,woodwind,brass,andpercussioninstrumentspercussion

n.打击乐器，鼓点polka

n.波尔卡舞曲popmusic

n.流行音乐，通俗音乐quartet

n.四重奏，四重唱Renaissancen.文艺复兴，有文艺复兴时期的艺术风格的音乐theperiod

inWesternEuropefrom1400-1600;thestyleofmusicfromthisperiodrepertoire

n.（准备好演出的）节目，保留剧目aninventoryofcompositionsmasteredandperformedbyamusicianorensembleRequiemMass

n.安魂曲aMassforthedeadrhumban.（=rumba）伦巴舞蹈，伦巴乐曲aballroomdance

basedontheAfroCubanrumbarhythmn.节奏，韵律rockn.摇滚乐salsan.萨尔萨舞曲，拉丁美洲一种流行舞曲samban.桑巴舞（一种源自非洲的巴西舞）scoren.乐谱solon.独奏曲，独唱sonatan.[音]奏鸣曲amultimovementcompositionforsoloinstrument,orinstrumentsandkeyboardaccompanimentsopranon.女高音symphonyn.交响乐，交响曲tangon.探戈anArgentineandanceinduplemeterwithlong,glidingstepstempo

n.（音乐）速度、拍子，发展速度thespeedofthemusic,basedonthebeattenor

n.[音]男高音ahighpitchedmalevoicetheme

n.[音]主题，主题曲，主旋律themeandvariations

n.[音]主题与变奏trio

n.三重唱vocalrange

n.音域waltzn.华尔兹舞，华尔兹舞曲SECTIONII:中译英2.1中国文化四大发明thefourgreatinventionsofancientChina[扩展]火药gunpowder印刷术printing造纸术paper-making指南针thecompass中国古代哲学家AncientChinesePhilosophers孔子Confucius孟子Mencius老子LaoTzu庄子ChuangTzu墨子MoTzu孙子SunTzu（注：seeattachedforfamousquotationsofAncientChinesePhilosophers引言见附录）道Tao,“theway”，

theprincipleoftheworkingsoftheuniverse仁humaneness（alsomean:humanity,benevolence,goodness,virtue）四书TheFourBooks《大学》TheGreatLearning《中庸》TheDoctrineoftheMean《论语》TheAnalectsofConfucius《孟子》TheMencius书法五大书体fivemajorstylesofcalligraphy篆书sealscript/sealcharacter隶书officialscript/clericalscript行书runningscript/semi-cursivescript草书cursivescript楷书regularscript/standardscript中国画traditionalChinesepainting水墨画Chinesebrushpainting;inkandwashpainting工笔

traditionalChineserealisticpainting六艺：sixclassicalarts[扩展]礼rites乐music射archery御riding书writing数arithmetic孙子兵法TheArtofWar汉字Chinesecharacter（汉字）笔画stroke偏旁部首

radical书写体系writingsystem汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan汉学家Sinologist/Sinologue中国热Sinomania同宗同源ofthesameorigin华夏祖先theChineseancestors单音节singlesyllable汉语有“合理的逻辑性”Chineselanguageis“soberlylogical”（EdwardSapir,Americanlinguist）汉语四声调thefourtonesofChinesecharactersleveltone阳平risingtone阴平falling-risingtone上声fallingtone去声武术martialart中国武术Kungfu武术门派stylesorschoolsofmartialart习武健身practicemartialartforfitness古代格斗术ancientformofcombat中国武术协会ChineseMartialArtAssociation武林高手topmartialartist气功Qigong,deepbreathingexercises柔道judo空手道Karate跆拳道taekwondo拳击boxing摔跤wrestling击剑fencing仗剑走天涯walktheearth（withasword）武侠小说talesofrovingknights;kungfunovels中国文学Chineseliterature《三国演义》ThreeKingdoms《西游记》JourneytotheWest;PilgrimagetotheWest《红楼梦》DreamoftheRedMansions《山海经》theClassicofMountainsandRivers《资治通鉴》HistoryasaMirror；ComprehensiveHistoryRetoldasaMirrorforRulers《西厢记》theRomanceofWestChamber《水浒传》HeroesoftheMarshes;TalesoftheWaterMargin《聊斋志异》StrangeTalesofaLonelyStudio;StrangeTalesfromMake-DoStudio《围城》FortressBesieged《阿Q正传》TheTrueStoryofAhQ春秋theSpringandAutumnAnnals史记HistoricalRecords诗经TheBooksofSongs；theBookofOdes书经TheBooksofHistory易经IChing;theBookofChanges礼记theBookofRites孝经BookofFilialPiety三字经three-characterscripture；three-wordchant八股文eight-partessay;stereotypedwriting五言绝句five-characterquatrain七言律诗seven-characteroctave中国建筑Chinesearchitecture四合院

quadrangle,thetraditionalChinesesingle-storyhouseswithrowsofroomsaroundthefoursidesofacourtyard蒙古包（Mongolian）yurt碑刻，碑文，碑铭inscriptionsonatablet碑林theforestofsteles,tabletforest道观Taoisttemple殿hall烽火台beacontower鼓楼drumtower华表ornamentalcolumn回廊corridor祭坛altar假山rockeries角楼watchtower廊corridor牌楼

pailou,decoratedarchway桥bridges石舫stoneboat石窟grotto水榭paviliononthewater塔pagoda;tower台terrace坛altar亭阁pavilion钟楼belltower柱pillar,column,post陵墓emperor’smausoleum/tomb重要文化遗产majorculturalheritage优秀民间艺术outstandingfolkarts文物culturalrelics中国结

Chineseknot旗袍Cheongsam中山装Chinesetunicsuit唐装traditionalChinesegarments（clothing），Tangsuit景泰蓝cloisonné朝廷使者

royalcourtenvoy文人menofletters雅士refinedscholars文化产业cultureindustry文化底蕴culturaldeposits文化事业culturalundertaking文化交流cross-culturalcommunication文化冲突cultureshock民族文化nationalculture民间文化folkculture城镇文化urbanculture乡村文化ruralculture当地文化nativeculture表演艺术performingart现代流行艺术popularart,popart纯艺术highart高雅艺术refinedart电影艺术cinematographicart戏剧艺术theatricalart[扩展]生（男性正面角色）

male

（thepositivemalerole）旦（女性正面角色）

female（thepositivefemalerole）净（性格鲜明的男性配角）

asupportingmalerolewithstrikingcharacter丑（幽默滑稽或反面角色）

aclownoranegativerole花脸paintedrole独角戏monodrama；one-manshow歌舞喜剧musical滑稽场面，搞笑小噱头shtick滑稽短剧skit京剧票友amateurperformerofBeijingOpera/PekingOperafan京剧人物脸谱PekingOperaMask口技ventriloquism木偶戏puppetshow旁白voiceover皮影戏shadowplay;leather-silhouetteshow说书story-telling叠罗汉makeahumanpyramid折子戏operahighlights踩高跷stiltwalk哑剧pantomime;mime哑剧演员pantomimist戏剧小品skit马戏circusshow单口相声monologuecomictalk,standupcomedy特技表演stunt相声wittydialoguecomedy,comiccrosstalk杂技acrobatics京韵大鼓thetraditionalstory-tellinginBeijingdialectwithdrumaccompaniment秦腔shaanxiopera篆刻sealcutting阴文characterscutinintaglio阳文characterscutinrelief图章seal刻刀graver拓碑makingrubbingsfromstoneinscriptions拓片rubbing工艺，手艺workmanship/craftsmanship手工艺品handicraft木雕woodcarving黄杨木雕boxwoodcraft雕漆carvedlacquerware石雕stonecarving微雕miniatureengraving象牙雕ivorycarving竹雕bambooengraving贝雕shellcarving冰雕icesculpture彩塑paintedsculpture瓷釉enamel刺绣embroidery卷轴scroll蜡染batik泥人clayfigure漆画lacquerpainting漆器Lacquerware青瓷色Celadon双面绣two-sidedembroidery水墨画Landscape/inkpainting苏绣Suzhouembroidery檀香扇sandalwoodfan唐三彩Trio-coloredglazedpotteryoftheTangDynasty陶器pottery制陶业Ceramics文房四宝ThefourstationerytreasuresoftheChinesestudyawritingbrush,aninkstick,aninkstoneandpaper砚刻inkslabengraving宜兴陶Yixingpottery折扇Foldingfan枝编工艺Wickerwork织锦，挂毯Tapestry纸工艺品papiermache中国画Chinesepainting民间传说folklores寓言fable传说legend神话mythology玉皇大帝GodofHeaven八仙theEightImmortals嫦娥Chang’e,theChinesemoongoddess伏羲FuXi,GodofFisheryandHusbandry福禄寿三星godoffortune,godofprosperity,godandlongevity财神godoffortune灶神godofthekitchen共工Gonggong,GodofWater后羿Houyi（alegendaryherowhoshotdownninesuns）黄帝YellowEmperor夸父Kuafu（afabledsun-chasinggiant）女娲Nuwa:agoddesswhopatchesupthesky盘古PanGu,creatoroftheuniverse神农PatronofAgriculture禹Yu,thereputedfounderoftheXiaDynasty祝融Zhurong,GodofFire古为今用，洋为中用makethepastservethepresentandtheforeignservechina

赋诗inscribeapoem对对联matchinganantitheticalcouplet阳历Solarcalendar公历Gregoriancalendar阴历Lunarcalendar天干heavenlystem地支earthlybranch闰年leapyear二十四节气thetwenty-foursolarterms十二生肖zodiacRat鼠Ox牛Tiger虎Hare兔Dragon龙Snake蛇Horse马Sheep羊Monkey猴Rooster鸡Dog狗Pig猪猴年yearofmonkey本命年one'syearofbirthconsideredinrelationtothe12TerrestrialBranches传统节日traditionalholidays春节SpringFestival拜年payaNewYearvisit爆竹，鞭炮firecracker除夕EveofChineseNewYear春联Springcouplets辞旧迎新ringouttheoldyearandringinthenew饺子Jiaozi,boileddumpling锅贴potsticker庙会templefair鸣钟辞旧岁ringouttheoldyear年画（traditional）NewYearpictures年夜饭theEveFeast;familyreuniondinneronLunarNewYear’sEve年终大扫除year-endhouseholdcleaning守岁stayuplateontheNewYear’sEve团圆饭familyreuniondinner压岁钱NewYeargift-money;moneygiventochildrenasaNewYeargift舞龙dragondance元宵节LanternFestival（15thdayofthefirstlunarmonth）元宵sweetstickyricedumplings花灯festivallantern灯谜lanternriddle狮子舞liondance踩高跷stiltwalking清明节PureBrightnessFestival/Tomb-sweepingDay（Aprilthe5th）扫墓sweeptombsitesoflovedones祭祖offersacrificestotheancestors踏青goforanoutinginspring端午节DragonBoatFestival（5thofthefifthlunarmonth）赛龙舟dragonboatrace粽子zongzi（pyramid-shapeddumplingmadebyglutinousricewrappedinreedorbambooleaves）Departedsoul

亡灵忠臣loyalminister诗人屈原Quyuanthepoet中秋节MoonFestival/Mid-AutumnDay（15thoftheeightlunarmonth）月饼mooncake赏月appreciatethegloriousfullmoon团圆reunion桂花sweetosmanthus重阳节DoubleNinthDay/theAgedDay赏菊admirethebeautyofchrysanthemum登高climbmountain中药TCMtraditionalChinesemedicine

（详见HEALTH一章）秦始皇帝FirstEmperor,EmperorChin皇太后EmpressDowager汉高祖刘邦founderoftheHanDynasty（206BC-220AD）成吉思汗

GenghisKhan;Temujin才子佳人

giftedscholarsandbeautifulladies文明摇篮cradleofcivilization夏朝XiaDynasty明清两代（of）MingandQingdynasties中华文明Chinesecivilization文明摇篮cradleofcivilization地名：特别注意四川和陕拼法四川

Sichuan,Szechwan,Szechuan陕西Shaanxi古文明研究中心ResearchCenterforAncientCivilizations中外学者Chineseandoverseasscholars考古学家archaeologists人类学家anthropologist历史学家historian地理学家geographer江南水乡thesouthofthelowerreachesoftheYangzeRiver水乡景色riversidescenery2.2

体育，娱乐2008夏季奥运会

2008summerOlympics主办2008年奥运会

hostthe2008OlympicGames奥运会火炬Olympictorch奥运村Olympicvillage奥运选手Olympian奥运会核心精神thecorespiritoftheOlympicgames更快、更高、更强Citius,Altius,Fortius东道国hostcountry主办城市hostcity冬奥会OlympicWinterGames国际奥委会IOC（InternationalOlympicCommittee）会歌anthem会徽emblem申办bid申办成功winthebidding板球criket公开赛open/opentournament锦标赛championships国家体育总局StatePhysicalCultureAdministration健美运动

bodybuilding教练coach/trainer举重

weightlifting马术equitation球类运动ballgames赛马horserace射击shooting射箭archery室内运动indoorsports室外运动outdoorsports体育道德、运动家精神sportsmanship田径trackandfield跳高highjump跳远longjump马拉松marathon职业选手professionalathlete自行车赛cycling跨栏hurdlerace体操gymnastics接力赛relayrace冰球hockey娱乐recreation/entertainment[扩展]《伯尔尼公约》（有关保护文学和艺术作品版权的公约）BerneConvention比基尼bikini茶道

sado敞蓬车

convertible宠物医院

petclinic传媒

media吹风会

briefing大开眼界

openone'seyes;broadenone'shorizon;beaneye-opener大众传媒

massmedia（ofcommunications）发烧友

zealot;enthusiasticfan狗仔队

paparazzo（singular），paparazzi（plural）广告妙语

punchline吉尼斯世界记录

GuinnessBookofRecords家庭影院

hometheater票房

boxoffice泼水节

Water-SprinklingFestival群众精神文化生活people'sculturallife人体彩绘

bodypainting迪斯尼乐园

Disneyland米老鼠Mickeymouse唐老鸭DonaldDuck特技演员stuntman替身演员

stand-in;double选美

beautycontest,beautypageant综艺节目

varietyshow2.3

饮食文化各大菜系

majorstylesofcooking/cuisine粽子Zongzi:apyramid-shapeddumplingmadeofglutinousricewrappedinbambooorreedleaves（eatenontheDragonBoatFestival）月饼mooncake蜜饯candiedpreservedfruit/sweetenedpreservedplums豆沙sweetbeanpaste蛋黄eggyolk咸蛋黄marinatedeggyolk海鲜seafood扇贝scallop大葱scallion葱greenonion肉馅mincedmeat鱼糜mincedfillet虾糜mincedshrimp饺子Jiaozi

boileddumpling八宝饭8-treasurerice鲤鱼carp青鱼blackcarp草鱼grasscarp欧洲鲫鱼cruciancarp鲫鱼goldencarp鲈鱼bass桂鱼Chineseperch石斑鱼garoupa三文鱼/大麻哈鱼salmon金枪鱼tuna鳕鱼cod年糕ricecake-yearcake胡桃walnut饭票，餐券mealticket涮羊肉thinslicesofmuttonforboilinginahotpot芝麻sesame油条deep-frieddoughsticks酱油soysauce绿豆mungbeans油饼deep-frieddoughcake汤soup菜dish豆浆soybeanmilk盖交饭riceservedwithmeatandveggiesontop香菜cilantro（Chineseparsleycilantro/coriander）粉丝glassnoodles;vermicellimadefrombeanstarch,etc.馒头steamedbuns花卷steamedtwistedrolls包子steamedstuffedbuns肉包子steamedbunwithmeatfilling肉馅meatfilling豆沙包steamedbunfilledwithbeanpaste豆沙馅bean-pastefilling春卷springroll（athinsheetofdough,stuffed,rolledandfried）包饺子makingChinesedumplings案板kneadingboard擀面杖rollingpin馅stuffing;filling面团儿dough饺子皮dumplingwrappers馄饨皮wontonwrappers网筛wirestrainer蒸笼bamboo（food）steamer锅贴potsticker烧卖shaomai（asteameddumplingwiththedoughgatheredatthetop）葱饼scallionpancake推棍儿pancakespreader甜面酱sweetsaucemadeoffermentedflour北京烤鸭Beijingroastduck面条noodles拉面hand-stretchednoodles;ramen方便面instantnoodle挂面finedriednoodles炒面friednoodles凉面coldnoodlesinsauce馄饨wonton（dumplingsinsoup）刀削面shavednoodles米粉riceflour面粉wheatflour烤面包toast果酱jam三明治sandwich热狗hotdog汉堡包hamburger糖纳滋doughnut百吉饼、面包圈bagel高粱饴sorghumcandy酒心糖liqueur-filledcandy口香糖chewinggum泡泡糖bubblegum山楂片hawflakes糖炒栗子chestnutsroast（insand）withbrownsugar爆米花popcorn松糕spongecake绿豆粥mungbeanporridge红豆粥redbeanporridge杏核豆腐almondbeancurd豆腐tofu（beancurd）麻花frieddoughtwist萨其马eggcrispcake鱿鱼squid笋bambooshoot笋干air-driedbambooshoot香菇driedmushroom草菇strawmushroom猴菇hedgehogmushroom木耳wood-ear/Jew’sear白木耳tremella冬虫夏草Chinesecaterpillarfungus海带kelp紫菜seaweed燕窝bird’snest海蜇jellyfish海参seacucumber鲍鱼abalone鱼翅shark’sfin熊掌bear’spaw豆腐泡beancurdpuff腐乳fermentedbeancurd刀工cuttingtechnique切丁dice切条slice切丝shred剁、剁碎chop切碎（成泥）mince方块cube块chunk瓜子sunflowerseeds莲藕lotusroot莲子lotusseeds青蒜，韭葱leek韭菜Chinesechives/leek平菇oystermushroom苦瓜bittergourd四季豆、菜豆stringbean，snapbean，greenbean豌豆荚、雪豆荚snowpea豆芽beansprout绿豆芽mungbeansprouts黄豆芽soybeansprouts枣子Chinesedates山楂haw石榴pomegranate弥猴桃、奇异果kiwifruit荔枝lychee龙眼longan橘子tangerine西柚、葡萄柚grapefruit佛手瓜Buddha’s-hand;fingeredcitron木瓜papaya核桃仁walnutmeat松子，松人pinenutkernels西瓜子melonseeds腰果cashewnut榛果，榛子hazelnut葡萄grape核桃walnut谷grain;cereal米ricelongrice长米，较硬，煮前先泡一个小时Puddingriceorshortrice短米，较软Brownrice糙米THAIFragrantrice泰国香米Glutinousrice糯米强力面粉strongflour中筋面粉，不含发酵粉的面粉plainflour自发粉self-raisingflour小麦面粉wholemealflour砂糖brownsugar红糖（感冒时煮姜汤时用）darkbrownsugar糖粉icingsugar冰糖rocksugar醋vinger玉米淀粉、太白粉cornstarch麦芽糖maltose芝麻sesameseeds麻油sesameoil蚝油oystersauce胡椒pepper白胡椒whitepepper黑胡椒blackpepper辣椒粉redchillipowder芝麻酱sesamepaste味精msg（monosodiumglutamate）豆鼓blackbeansauce大红豆redkidneybean冬菇driedblackmushroom酸菜pickledmustard-green八角、茴香anise荸荠、马蹄waterchestnuts虾米driedshrimps明虾prawn美食节gourmetfestival中餐烹饪Chinesecuisine;Chineseculinaryart色香味形color,aroma,tasteandappearance四大菜系：fourmajorChinesecusines:山东菜Shangdongcuisine川菜Sichuancuisine粤菜Cantoncuisine扬州菜Yangzhoucuisine南淡北咸thelightsoutherncuisineandthesaltynortherncusine东甜西辣thesweeteasterncuisineandthespicywesterncuisine八宝饭eight-treasurericepudding风味小吃localdelicacy切片slice切丝shred切丁dice切碎mince绞碎grind大、旺、武火highheat中火mediumheat小、微、文火lowheat煎pan-fry炒stir-fry;sauté爆quick-fry炸deep-fry烩stew熏smoke煨，炖simmer,stew煮boil烘bake烤bake;roast,grill架烤grill;BBQ蒸steam红烧braise（withsoysauce）涮（羊肉）

dip-boil（muttonslices）2.4哲学与宗教无神论atheism[详析]-thedoctrineorbeliefthatthereisnoGodorgods.创世论creationism[详析]thebeliefthatGodcreatedtheuniverse,includingalllife,initspresentformpreciselyasstatedintheBibleinthebookofGenesis.进化论Darwinism[详析]thetheorythattheoriginofthespeciesisderivedbydescent,withvariation,fromparentforms,throughthenaturalselectionofthosebestadaptedtosurviveinthestruggleforexistence.宿命论determinism[详析]aphilosophicalconceptwhichpostulatesthatallevents,includinghumanactions,arepredetermined.辩证的dialectic[详析]theartorpracticeofalogicaldiscussionasofthetruthofatheoryoropinion.启蒙运动enlightenment[详析]atrendduringthe18thcenturythatfavoredthepowerofhumanreason.Itwasbelievedthatknowledgecouldonlycomefromobservationguidedbyreasonandthatthroughreason,continuingprogressinknowledge,achievement,andmoralitycouldbesustained.Further,tha