浙江专用2022版高考英语一轮复习课时作业二十一必修5Unit1课件新人教版

二十一必修5

Unit1

Greatscientists(限时35分钟)二十一必修5Unit1GreatscientisⅠ.阅读理解A(2021·北京模拟)

Researcherscontinuetoshowthepowerbehindoursenseofsmell.Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.Ⅰ.阅读理解Thereviewexplainsthatsmellisuniqueinitseffectsonthebrain.AccordingtoConradKing,theresearcherwhocarriedoutthereview,“morethananyothersenses,thesenseofsmellgoesthroughthelogicalpartofthebrainandactsonthesystemsconcernedwithfeelings.Thisiswhythesmellofbakingbreadcandestroythebestintentionsofadieter.”ThereviewexplainsthSmell,whichdictates(决定)theunbelievablecomplexityoffoodtastes,hasalwaysbeentheleastunderstoodofoursenses.Ournosesareabletodetectupto10,000distinctsmells.Ourabilitytosmellandtastethisextremelylargerangeofsmellsiscontrolledbysomethinglike1,000genes,whichmakeupanamazing3%ofthehumangenome.ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-breakingresearchonthenatureofthisextraordinarysense.Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactory(嗅觉)genesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.Smell,whichdictates(Accordingtoonestudyintheresearchreview,smellingfreshpizzaoreventhepackagingoffastfoodscanbeenoughtomakedriversfeelimpatientwithotherroadusers.Theyarethenmorelikelytospeedandexperienceuncontrollableangeronroads.Themostreasonableexplanationisthatthesecanallmakedriversfeelhungry,andthereforedesperatetosatisfytheirappetites.Incontrast,thesmellsofpeppermintandcinnamonwereshowntoimproveconcentrationlevelsaswellasreducedrivers’impatience.Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.AccordingtoonestudyHowever,thewaygenesregulatesmelldiffersfrompersontoperson.AstudybyresearchersinIsraelhasidentifiedatleast50olfactorygeneswhichareswitchedoninsomepeopleandnotinothers.Theybelievethismayexplainwhysomeofuslovesomesmellsandtasteswhileothershatethem.TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.【文章大意】文章主要介绍了人类的嗅觉基因和嗅觉系统,科学家们通过研究嗅觉基因和嗅觉系统是如何工作的,发现了嗅觉对我们生活的影响。However,thewaygenes1.WhatdidRichardAxelandLindaBuckfindout?A.Thetypeoffoodsmells.B.Thelogicalpartofhumanbrain.C.Thenatureofhumanolfactorysystem.D.Therelationshipbetweenfoodandfeelings.1.WhatdidRichardAxelandL【解析】选C。细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactorygenesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.(这两位科学家首次描述了1000个嗅觉基因家族,并解释了我们的嗅觉系统是如何工作的。)由此可知RichardAxel和LindaBuck这两位科学家发现了人类嗅觉系统的本质。【解析】选C。细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Thesetwo2.Whichofthefollowingcanhelppeopleconcentrate?A.Bread. B.Fastfood.C.Pizza. D.Coffee.【解析】选D。细节理解题。答案定位在第五段Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.可知喝咖啡有助于提高思考和注意力。2.Whichofthefollowingcan3.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Differentpeoplearesensitivetodifferentsmells.B.Everypersonhasadifferentpatternofgenes.C.Somepeoplecanrecognizeupto50smells.D.Therearestillsomeolfactorygenestobefoundout.3.Whatdoweknowfromthela【解析】选A。推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.(以色列研究人员表示,他们的研究表明,几乎每个人的嗅觉感受器的活跃和不活跃模式都不一样。)由此可知不同的人对不同的气味敏感。【解析】选A。推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段TheIsra4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Logicandbehavior.B.Smellanditsinfluence.C.Senseabilityandfoodtastes.D.Olfactorygenesanditssystem.4.Whatisthepassagemainly【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.(最近的研究发现,比萨等食物的味道会让道路上的司机产生无法控制的愤怒)是全文的主题句,结合全文内容,可知这篇文章主要介绍了气味及其影响。【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段Recentstudies【知识拓展】词汇积累uncontrollableanger不可遏止的怒气;unbelievablecomplexity难以置信的复杂性;detect发现;humangenome人类基因库;ground-breakingresearch开创性的研究;desperatetosatisfytheirappetites迫切满足欲望【知识拓展】词汇积累B(2021·天津模拟)

Arewealoneintheuniverse?AteamofscientistsannouncedonJanuary6,2015thattheyhadidentifiedeightplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem,threeorfourofwhichorbitintheirstars“GoldilocksZone”—theregionwheretemperaturesarenottoohotortoocoldforwater,whichisanecessaryingredientforlifeasweknowit,toexistliquidform.ThismaybegoodnewsforpeoplehopingthatEarthisnottheonlyinhabitedworldintheuniverse.BThescientists,ledbyDr.GuilermoTorresoftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,madethediscoveriesusingdatacollectedbytheplanet-seekingKeplertelescope.NASAlaunchedKeplerin2009.Sincethen,thetelescopehasidentifiedmorethan1,000planetsoutsideofoursolarsystem.TorresandhisteamanalyzedthedataabouttheeightnewlydiscoveredworldtodeterminewhichonesaremostlikelytobesimilartoourEarth.Thescientists,ledbyAmongthenewdiscoveries,thescientistssaytheplanetscalledKepler438band442baretheclosesttoEarth.Kepler438bisjustabout10%largerthanourplanet,andgets40%moreofitsenergyfromitsstarthanEarthreceivesfromtheSun.Temperaturestherewouldbeabout140degrees.Kepler442bisabout33%largerthanEarth,butreceives30%lessenergyfromitsstar.Thatwouldmakeitapotentiallychillierworldthanourown.Torressaysitispossibleforlifetoexistandsurviveineitherofthosetemperatures,butforthattohappen,theseplanetswouldneedtohaveanotherkeyingredientforlife:aheat-trappingatmospherelikeEarth’s.AmongthenewdiscoverWhilethesefindingsaddtothepossibilitythatlifeexistsbeyondEarth,Torrescautionsagainstdrawingconclusions.“Wearenotclaimingtheyareinhabited,”hesays.Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.Butthediscoveryofplanetsintheirstars’habitablezonessuggeststhatsomewhereoutthere,someformofalienlifemayhavetakenhold.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了科学家宣布找到了太阳系外的另外八个星球,其中三四个星球的运行轨道温度适宜,适合水的存在。这使人们相信地球外还可能存在生命的迹象。Whilethesefindingsa5.Thescientistshaveidentifiedeightplanets,_________.

A.whicharesuitableforhumanstoliveonB.someofwhicharepossibleforlifetoexistonC.someofwhichhavethesamesituationsasEarthD.whicharenottoohotortoocoldforwatertoexiston【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知,科学家已经确定了八个太阳系以外的行星,其中三个或四个轨道恒星的“适居带”——水,我们所知的生命存在的必要成分,在这个地区,水的温度既不太热也不太冷,能够以液体的形式存在。故可推理得知,八颗行星中的其中一些可能存在生命。5.Thescientistshaveidentif6.WhichstatementaboutthediscoveryofTorresandhisteamisTRUE?A.Kepler438bistoohotforanylifetoexiston.B.Kepler438band442barethefarthesttoEarth.C.TheyhavemadethediscoveriesthroughKepler.D.Theyhavediscoveredover1000planetsin7years.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“Thescientists,ledbyDr.GuilermoTorresoftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,madethediscoveriesusingdatacollectedbytheplanet-seekingKeplertelescope.”可知,Torres和他的团队是利用开普勒望远镜收集的数据发现了这些行星。6.Whichstatementaboutthed7.WhatisthepossiblethingthatKepler442blacksforlifetoexiston?A.Thewater. B.Thesunlight.C.Thesoil. D.Theatmosphere.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Torressaysitispossibleforlifetoexistandsurviveineitherofthosetemperatures,butforthattohappen,theseplanetswouldneedtohaveanotherkeyingredientforlife:aheat-trappingatmospherelikeEarth’s.”可知,开普勒442b缺少能够让生命存在的另一个关键组成部分:大气层。7.Whatisthepossiblething8.Abouttheirexploration,Torreswantstoindicatethat_________.

A.thereisalotlefttolearnB.theyhavehaddecisivegainsC.itisthefirstinhumanhistoryD.itiscertainforlifeontheplanets8.Abouttheirexploration,To【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.”可知,Torres认为这些行星如此遥远以至于科学家们无法直接观测到它们,这就可以解释为什么目前还不清楚这些行星上是否存在生命。Torres想要暗示我们还有很多很多东西需要了解。【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Infact【知识拓展】长难句分析Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.分析:so...that结果状语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面一整句话的内容;why引导宾语从句,其中it作形式主语,真正主语是whether从句。翻译:事实上,这些行星非常遥远,科学家无法直接进行观测,这就解释了为什么这些行星上是否存在生命还是个未知数。【知识拓展】长难句分析Ⅱ.阅读填句

Livingtotheripeoldageof90maydependonyourbodysize—bothheightandweight—aswellasyourlevelofphysicalactivity,andgeeingtoinfluenceawoman’slifespanmorethanitdoesaman’s.Thestudyfoundwomenwholivedto90were,onaverage,tallerandhadputonlessweightsincetheageof20ascomparedtowomenwhowereshorterandheavier.

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However,mensawmorebenefitfromphysicalactivitythanwomen.

Ⅱ.阅读填句In1986researchersaskedover7,000Norwegianmenandwomenbetweenage55and69abouttheirheight,currentweight,andweightatage20.Bothgendersalsotoldresearchersabouttheircurrentphysicalactivities.

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Themenandwomenwerethensortedintodailyactivityquotas:lessthan30minutes,30to60minutes,and90minutesormore.

Menandwomeninthestudyfaredverydifferentlywhenitcametotheimpactofbodysizeandexercise.In1986researchersasWomenwhoweighedlessatage20andputonlessweightastheyagedweremorelikelytolivelongerthanheavierwomen.

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Thestudyfoundwomenwhoweretallerthan5feet9incheswere31%morelikelytoliveintotheir90sthanwomenwhowerelessthan5feet3inches.

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Menwhospent90minutesadayormorebeingactivewere39%morelikelytoliveto90thanmenwhowerephysicallyactiveforlessthan30minutes.

However,womenwhowerephysicallyactiveformorethan60minutesadaywereonly21%morelikelytoliveto90thanthosewhodid30minutesorless.Andunlikemen,therewasnobonusforincreasingactivity.

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WomenwhoweighedlessA.Heightplayedamajorfactor.B.Nosuchassociationwasseenformen.C.Thestudywasobservationalandcouldn’testablishcause.D.Infact,thestudyfoundthattheoptimallevelofactivityforwomenwas60minutesaday.E.Neitherheightnorweightseemedtofactorintowhetherthemenreachedtheir90s,butactivityleveldid.A.HeightplayedamajorfactoF.Inaddition,foreach30minutesadaythemenwereactive,theywere5%morelikelytoreachthatage.G.Andtheyincludeddogwalking,gardening,homeimprovements,walkingorbikingtoworkandsports.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是人的寿命取决于哪些因素。研究表明活到90岁的高龄可能取决于你的身高和体重以及你的身体活动水平,并且指出影响一个女性的寿命比影响一个男性的寿命更多。F.Inaddition,foreach30mi1.【解析】选B。上文提示“研究发现活到90岁的女性,平均而言更高,20岁后更不易发胖,这是与更矮、更重的女性相比。”而下文提到mensawmorebenefitfromphysicalactivitythanwomen以及However可知前后相反,前面提女性,后面讲男性,承接上文,B项Nosuchassociationwasseenformen.切题。2.【解析】选G。上文提示“男女双方还告诉研究人员关于他们当前的体育活动。”承接上文,G项Andtheyincludeddogwalking,gardening,homeimprovements,walkingorbikingtoworkandsports.(它们包括遛狗、园艺、家庭环境的改善、走路或骑自行车去上班和运动。)切题。该项中的they指的就是上句中的activities。1.【解析】选B。上文提示“研究发现活到90岁的女性,平3.【解析】选A。下文提示“研究发现高度超过5英尺9英寸的女性活到90岁的概率比身高不到5英尺3英寸的女性高出31%。”承接下文,A项Heightplayedamajorfactor.(高度扮演了一个主要因素。)切题。4.【解析】选E。下文提示“一天花了90分钟或更多时间在运动上的男性比每天锻炼少于30分钟的男性活到90岁的可能性高39%。”承接下文,E项Neitherheightnorweightseemedtofactorintowhetherthemenreachedtheir90s,butactivityleveldid.(男性是否能活到90多岁,其因素似乎既不是身高也不是体重,而是活动标准。)切题。3.【解析】选A。下文提示“研究发现高度超过5英尺9英寸的5.【解析】选D。上文提示“与男性不同,增加活动没有额外的收获。”承接上文,D项Infact,thestudyfoundthattheoptimallevelofactivityforwomenwas60minutesaday.(事实上,研究发现,女性活动的最优水平是每天60分钟。)切题。5.【解析】选D。上文提示“与男性不同,增加活动没有额外Ⅲ.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

The2020NobelPeacePrize1._________(go)totheUNWorldFoodProgramme(WFP)onFriday,9October2020.Theagencywasrecognizedforitseffortstofighthungerforitscontributionto2._________(improve)conditionsforpeaceinconflict-affectedareasandforactingasadrivingforcetopreventtheuseofhunger3._________aweaponofwarandconflict.TheeffortsofWFPfocusonemergencyassistance,developmentaidandspecialoperations,twothirdsofⅢ.语法填空4._________aremadeinconflict-affectedcountries.Inthosecountries,peoplearethreetimesmorelikelytosufferpoornutrition5._________thoselivingincountrieswithoutconflictdo.

DavidBeasley,WFPExecutiveDirector,saidthe6._______(announce)madebytheNorwegianNobelCommitteeturnedtheglobalspotlightonthe690millionpeople7._________(expose)toseverelevelsoffoodinsecurity.“Everyoneofthemhastherighttolivepeacefullyandwithouthunger.”

4._________aremadeinconfMrBeasleyalsonotedthattheNobelPeacePrizewasnot8._________(simple)WFP’s.Hesaid,“WFPworkscloselywithgovernments,organizationsandindividualswhoseloveforhelpinghungrypeopleequals9._________(we).Wecouldnotpossiblyhelpanyonewithoutthem.Andthedailyworkofourmembers10._________(drive)byourcorevaluesofintegrity(真诚)andhumanity.”

【文章大意】本文主要介绍了2020年诺贝尔和平奖颁发给联合国世界粮食计划署的事情。MrBeasleyalsonoted1.【解析】went。考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“onFriday,9October2020”可知,此处描述发生在过去的动作,应用一般过去时。2.【解析】improving。考查非谓语动词。contributionto中的to是介词,其后应用动名词。3.【解析】as。考查介词。此处指防止饥饿被用作战争和冲突的武器。根据句意可知,应填as,意为“作为,当作”。4.【解析】which。考查定语从句。此处是“数词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,修饰先行词Theefforts,关系代词指物,故用which。1.【解析】went。考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“on5.【解析】than。考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知,空处引导比较状语从句,故用连词than。6.【解析】announcement。考查词性转换。根据句意及空前的the可知,此处应用名词作宾语从句的主语。7.【解析】exposed。考查非谓语动词。expose和其逻辑主语the690millionpeople之间是被动关系,应用过去分词作后置定语。8.【解析】simply。考查词性转换。修饰谓语动词was应用副词。9.【解析】ours。考查词性转换。空处在句中作宾语,指ourloveforhelpinghungrypeople,应用名词性物主代词。5.【解析】than。考查状语从句。分析句子结构可知,空10.【解析】isdriven。考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处陈述客观情况,应用一般现在时;drive和主语thedailywork之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;句子主语thedailywork是不可数名词,应用单数。10.【解析】isdriven。考查时态、语态和主谓一本课结束本课结束二十一必修5

Unit1

Greatscientists(限时35分钟)二十一必修5Unit1GreatscientisⅠ.阅读理解A(2021·北京模拟)

Researcherscontinuetoshowthepowerbehindoursenseofsmell.Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.Ⅰ.阅读理解Thereviewexplainsthatsmellisuniqueinitseffectsonthebrain.AccordingtoConradKing,theresearcherwhocarriedoutthereview,“morethananyothersenses,thesenseofsmellgoesthroughthelogicalpartofthebrainandactsonthesystemsconcernedwithfeelings.Thisiswhythesmellofbakingbreadcandestroythebestintentionsofadieter.”ThereviewexplainsthSmell,whichdictates(决定)theunbelievablecomplexityoffoodtastes,hasalwaysbeentheleastunderstoodofoursenses.Ournosesareabletodetectupto10,000distinctsmells.Ourabilitytosmellandtastethisextremelylargerangeofsmellsiscontrolledbysomethinglike1,000genes,whichmakeupanamazing3%ofthehumangenome.ResearchersRichardAxelandLindaBuckweretogetherawardedaNobelPrizein2004fortheirground-breakingresearchonthenatureofthisextraordinarysense.Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactory(嗅觉)genesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.Smell,whichdictates(Accordingtoonestudyintheresearchreview,smellingfreshpizzaoreventhepackagingoffastfoodscanbeenoughtomakedriversfeelimpatientwithotherroadusers.Theyarethenmorelikelytospeedandexperienceuncontrollableangeronroads.Themostreasonableexplanationisthatthesecanallmakedriversfeelhungry,andthereforedesperatetosatisfytheirappetites.Incontrast,thesmellsofpeppermintandcinnamonwereshowntoimproveconcentrationlevelsaswellasreducedrivers’impatience.Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.AccordingtoonestudyHowever,thewaygenesregulatesmelldiffersfrompersontoperson.AstudybyresearchersinIsraelhasidentifiedatleast50olfactorygeneswhichareswitchedoninsomepeopleandnotinothers.Theybelievethismayexplainwhysomeofuslovesomesmellsandtasteswhileothershatethem.TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.【文章大意】文章主要介绍了人类的嗅觉基因和嗅觉系统,科学家们通过研究嗅觉基因和嗅觉系统是如何工作的,发现了嗅觉对我们生活的影响。However,thewaygenes1.WhatdidRichardAxelandLindaBuckfindout?A.Thetypeoffoodsmells.B.Thelogicalpartofhumanbrain.C.Thenatureofhumanolfactorysystem.D.Therelationshipbetweenfoodandfeelings.1.WhatdidRichardAxelandL【解析】选C。细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Thesetwoscientistswerethefirsttodescribethefamilyof1,000olfactorygenesandtoexplainhowourolfactorysystemworks.(这两位科学家首次描述了1000个嗅觉基因家族,并解释了我们的嗅觉系统是如何工作的。)由此可知RichardAxel和LindaBuck这两位科学家发现了人类嗅觉系统的本质。【解析】选C。细节理解题。答案定位在第三段Thesetwo2.Whichofthefollowingcanhelppeopleconcentrate?A.Bread. B.Fastfood.C.Pizza. D.Coffee.【解析】选D。细节理解题。答案定位在第五段Similarly,thesmellsoflemonandcoffeeappearedtopromoteclearthinkingandmentalfocus.可知喝咖啡有助于提高思考和注意力。2.Whichofthefollowingcan3.Whatdoweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Differentpeoplearesensitivetodifferentsmells.B.Everypersonhasadifferentpatternofgenes.C.Somepeoplecanrecognizeupto50smells.D.Therearestillsomeolfactorygenestobefoundout.3.Whatdoweknowfromthela【解析】选A。推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段TheIsraelresearcherssaytheirstudyshowsthatnearlyeveryhumanbeingshowsadifferentpatternofactiveandinactivesmell-detectingreceptors.(以色列研究人员表示,他们的研究表明,几乎每个人的嗅觉感受器的活跃和不活跃模式都不一样。)由此可知不同的人对不同的气味敏感。【解析】选A。推理判断题。答案定位在最后一段TheIsra4.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Logicandbehavior.B.Smellanditsinfluence.C.Senseabilityandfoodtastes.D.Olfactorygenesanditssystem.4.Whatisthepassagemainly【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段Recentstudieshavefound,amongotherthings,thatthesmelloffoodslikepizzacancauseuncontrollableangerindriversonroads.(最近的研究发现,比萨等食物的味道会让道路上的司机产生无法控制的愤怒)是全文的主题句,结合全文内容,可知这篇文章主要介绍了气味及其影响。【解析】选B。主旨大意题。第一段Recentstudies【知识拓展】词汇积累uncontrollableanger不可遏止的怒气;unbelievablecomplexity难以置信的复杂性;detect发现;humangenome人类基因库;ground-breakingresearch开创性的研究;desperatetosatisfytheirappetites迫切满足欲望【知识拓展】词汇积累B(2021·天津模拟)

Arewealoneintheuniverse?AteamofscientistsannouncedonJanuary6,2015thattheyhadidentifiedeightplanetsbeyondoursolarsystem,threeorfourofwhichorbitintheirstars“GoldilocksZone”—theregionwheretemperaturesarenottoohotortoocoldforwater,whichisanecessaryingredientforlifeasweknowit,toexistliquidform.ThismaybegoodnewsforpeoplehopingthatEarthisnottheonlyinhabitedworldintheuniverse.BThescientists,ledbyDr.GuilermoTorresoftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,madethediscoveriesusingdatacollectedbytheplanet-seekingKeplertelescope.NASAlaunchedKeplerin2009.Sincethen,thetelescopehasidentifiedmorethan1,000planetsoutsideofoursolarsystem.TorresandhisteamanalyzedthedataabouttheeightnewlydiscoveredworldtodeterminewhichonesaremostlikelytobesimilartoourEarth.Thescientists,ledbyAmongthenewdiscoveries,thescientistssaytheplanetscalledKepler438band442baretheclosesttoEarth.Kepler438bisjustabout10%largerthanourplanet,andgets40%moreofitsenergyfromitsstarthanEarthreceivesfromtheSun.Temperaturestherewouldbeabout140degrees.Kepler442bisabout33%largerthanEarth,butreceives30%lessenergyfromitsstar.Thatwouldmakeitapotentiallychillierworldthanourown.Torressaysitispossibleforlifetoexistandsurviveineitherofthosetemperatures,butforthattohappen,theseplanetswouldneedtohaveanotherkeyingredientforlife:aheat-trappingatmospherelikeEarth’s.AmongthenewdiscoverWhilethesefindingsaddtothepossibilitythatlifeexistsbeyondEarth,Torrescautionsagainstdrawingconclusions.“Wearenotclaimingtheyareinhabited,”hesays.Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.Butthediscoveryofplanetsintheirstars’habitablezonessuggeststhatsomewhereoutthere,someformofalienlifemayhavetakenhold.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。讲述了科学家宣布找到了太阳系外的另外八个星球,其中三四个星球的运行轨道温度适宜,适合水的存在。这使人们相信地球外还可能存在生命的迹象。Whilethesefindingsa5.Thescientistshaveidentifiedeightplanets,_________.

A.whicharesuitableforhumanstoliveonB.someofwhicharepossibleforlifetoexistonC.someofwhichhavethesamesituationsasEarthD.whicharenottoohotortoocoldforwatertoexiston【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知,科学家已经确定了八个太阳系以外的行星,其中三个或四个轨道恒星的“适居带”——水,我们所知的生命存在的必要成分,在这个地区,水的温度既不太热也不太冷,能够以液体的形式存在。故可推理得知,八颗行星中的其中一些可能存在生命。5.Thescientistshaveidentif6.WhichstatementaboutthediscoveryofTorresandhisteamisTRUE?A.Kepler438bistoohotforanylifetoexiston.B.Kepler438band442barethefarthesttoEarth.C.TheyhavemadethediscoveriesthroughKepler.D.Theyhavediscoveredover1000planetsin7years.【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第二段“Thescientists,ledbyDr.GuilermoTorresoftheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforAstrophysics,madethediscoveriesusingdatacollectedbytheplanet-seekingKeplertelescope.”可知,Torres和他的团队是利用开普勒望远镜收集的数据发现了这些行星。6.Whichstatementaboutthed7.WhatisthepossiblethingthatKepler442blacksforlifetoexiston?A.Thewater. B.Thesunlight.C.Thesoil. D.Theatmosphere.【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“Torressaysitispossibleforlifetoexistandsurviveineitherofthosetemperatures,butforthattohappen,theseplanetswouldneedtohaveanotherkeyingredientforlife:aheat-trappingatmospherelikeEarth’s.”可知,开普勒442b缺少能够让生命存在的另一个关键组成部分:大气层。7.Whatisthepossiblething8.Abouttheirexploration,Torreswantstoindicatethat_________.

A.thereisalotlefttolearnB.theyhavehaddecisivegainsC.itisthefirstinhumanhistoryD.itiscertainforlifeontheplanets8.Abouttheirexploration,To【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.”可知,Torres认为这些行星如此遥远以至于科学家们无法直接观测到它们,这就可以解释为什么目前还不清楚这些行星上是否存在生命。Torres想要暗示我们还有很多很多东西需要了解。【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“Infact【知识拓展】长难句分析Infact,theseplanetsaresofarawaythatthescientistscannotobservethemdirectly,whichcanbeexplanationforwhyfornowitremainsunknownwhethertheseplanetscontainlife.分析:so...that结果状语从句;which引导非限制性定语从句,指代前面一整句话的内容;why引导宾语从句,其中it作形式主语,真正主语是whether从句。翻译:事实上,这些行星非常遥远,科学家无法直接进行观测,这就解释了为什么这些行星上是否存在生命还是个未知数。【知识拓展】长难句分析Ⅱ.阅读填句

Livingtotheripeoldageof90maydependonyourbodysize—bothheightandweight—aswellasyourlevelofphysicalactivity,andgeeingtoinfluenceawoman’slifespanmorethanitdoesaman’s.Thestudyfoundwomenwholivedto90were,onaverage,tallerandhadputonlessweightsincetheageof20ascomparedtowomenwhowereshorterandheavier.

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However,mensawmorebenefitfromphysicalactivitythanwomen.

Ⅱ.阅读填句In1986researchersaskedover7,000Norwegianmenandwomenbetweenage55and69abouttheirheight,currentweight,andweightatage20.Bothgendersalsotoldresearchersabouttheircurrentphysicalactivities.

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Themenandwomenwerethensortedintodailyactivityquotas:lessthan30minutes,30to60minutes,and90minutesormore.

Menandwomeninthestudyfaredverydifferentlywhenitcametotheimpactofbodysizeandexercise.In1986researchersasWomenwhoweighedlessatage20andputonlessweightastheyagedweremorelikelytolivelongerthanheavierwomen.

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Thestudyfoundwomenwhoweretallerthan5feet9incheswere31%morelikelytoliveintotheir90sthanwomenwhowerelessthan5feet3inches.

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Menwhospent90minutesadayormorebeingactivewere39%morelikelytoliveto90thanmenwhowerephysicallyactiveforlessthan30minutes.

However,womenwhowerephysicallyactiveformorethan60minutesadaywereonly21%morelikelytoliveto90thanthosewhodid30minutesorless.Andunlikemen,therewasnobonusforincreasingactivity.

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WomenwhoweighedlessA.Heightplayedamajorfactor.B.Nosuchassociationwasseenformen.C.Thestudywasobservationalandcouldn’testablishcause.D.Infact,thestudyfoundthattheoptimallevelofactivityforwomenwas60minutesaday.E.Neitherheightnorweightseemedtofactorintowhetherthemenreachedtheir90s,butactivityleveldid.A.Heightplayedamajo