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独立主格结构和
with/without复合结构独立主格结构和
with/without复合结构1一.独立主格结构1.概念:充当状语在句中可以表示时间、原因条件、方式或伴随情况等。2.结构:
名词/代词+非谓语(doing&todo&done)形容词&副词介词短语
。形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句非谓语动词逻辑主语Takingyourageintoconsideration,You’dbetternotgohiking.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(逻主you)(逻主yourage)(逻辑主语与整句的主语相同)一.独立主格结构1.概念:形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句逻2(Ⅰ)名词/代词+分词(过去分词done
&现在分词doing)
当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。
1.________________,theyleftthemeeting–room.(问题解决了)(settle)2.____________,we`llgothereonfoot.(时间允许的话)(permit)(cross)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,(他的手交叉在手下)
__________________________ThisproblemsettledTimepermittinghishandscrossedunderhishead.l(Ⅰ)名词/代词+分词(过去分词done
3(Ⅱ)名词/代词+(being)形容词_________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他妈妈生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,(他的鼻子冻得通红)___________________(red)(Ⅲ)名词/代词+(being)副词Heputonhissocks,_____________.
(反的一面在外面)(out)Hismother(being)illhisnoseredwithcold.wrongsideout(Ⅱ)名词/代词+(being)形容词________4(Ⅳ)名词/代词+不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed.2.__________________________(最后一个人的到来),ourpartywasstarted.(arrive)Thelastguesttoarrive(Ⅳ)名词/代词+不定式1.Isendyou100d5(Ⅴ)名词/代词+介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词,这些名词前习惯不用冠词。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,____________.(手上一本书)2._______________thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗帜)bookinhandFlagonshoulder(Ⅴ)名词/代词+介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短6(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词,仅
在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语
的词或词组,省去的分词一般是being或havingbeen,这是为了简练。但在
“being+过去分词”或“therebeing+
过去分词”结构中,being不可省。1.___________________,hewenttoschool.(早餐结束后)(over)2.____________________________,shewentbacktoherroom.(没有闹钟的原因)3._________________________,wecan‘tgothere.(房间正在被油漆)Breakfast(being)overTherebeingnocauseforalarmTheroombeingpaintednow(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词,仅
在名词或代词之后7二.With和without复合结构
with和without复合结构是:with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。二.With和without复合结构with和withou8(Ⅰ)with/without+名词/代词+现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。
Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名词/代词+过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。Intheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix
(Ⅰ)with/without+名词/代词+现在分词。用现在9(Ⅲ)with/without+名词/代词+不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
(Ⅳ)with/without+名词/代词+形容词。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.(Ⅲ)with/without+名词/代词+不定式。用不定10(Ⅴ)with/without+名词/代词+副词。
__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(Ⅵ)with/without+名词/代词+介词短语。
1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.(Ⅴ)with/without+名词/代词+副词。11三.with和without复合结构
与独立主格结构的转化(Ⅰ)with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时,一般可相互转换;此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。(1)作时间状语
Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.
=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.
三.with和without复合结构
与独立主格结构的转12(2)作原因状语
Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.
=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.
=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(2)作原因状语Withthekeylost,13(3)作条件状语
Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.
=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.
=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.(3)作条件状语Withtimepermitting14(4)作伴随状语
Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.
=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.
(4)作伴随状语Herearethefirstt15(Ⅱ)with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结
构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。
Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.
=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.(Ⅱ)with和without复合结构可以作后置161.__tenminutes__beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because巩固练习1.__tenminutes__beforethe174.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled
4.Itwasapitythatthegreat188.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.HavingbeenWelldone!8.__,theworkcanbedonemu19非谓语动词是高中语法的重点,也是难点,咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点,做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后,做题时可分四步分析。
非谓语动词是高中语法的重点,也是难点,咱们常常对此感到头疼。20一、分析句子结构
1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.
2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.Told
C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold
3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.
4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.
5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned一、分析句子结构
1.________manytimes21二、分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致,则须加上自己的逻辑主语。
1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing
2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.二、分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑22三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.
2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See
3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.
4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词23四、分析时态,在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问题,即时态。
1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.
2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.
3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.
A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuilt
C.beingbuiltD.built
四、分析时态,在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问24看看独立主格结构和其他句式的结合Hehadalotoffriends,onlyafewof_________invitedtohiswedding.
A.whom
B.them
C.which
D.who
【陷阱】容易误选A,认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是B,这不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词invited并不是一个完整的谓语,而是一个过去分词。当然,假若在invited前加上助动词were,则是一个非限制性定语从句,答案便应选A看看独立主格结构和其他句式的结合Hehadaloto25(1)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________carriedoutintheirwork.
A.which
B.them
C.what
D.that
(2)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,noneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.
A.which
B.them
C.what
D.that
(3)Theyputforwardalotofplansatthemeeting,butnoneof_________werecarriedoutintheirwork.
A.which
B.them
C.what
D.that
with复合结构复习课件26OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsseatedtogetherjoking.
A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that
【陷阱】容易误选B,认为这是非限制性定语从句。
【分析】最佳答案是A。与上面一题相似,theirparentsseatedtogetherjoking不是非限制性定语从句,而是一个独立主格结构,因为空格后的动词seated不是谓语,而是一个过去分词,因为seat作动词用时,是及物动词。OnSundaystherewerealoto27(1)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,____parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.
A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that
(2)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,and_________parentswereseatedtogetherjoking.A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that
(3)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentssittingtogetherjoking.
A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that
(4)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentssattogetherjoking.
A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that
(5)OnSundaystherewerealotofchildrenplayinginthepark,_________parentsweresittingtogetherjoking.
A.their
B.whose
C.which
D.that
with复合结构复习课件28独立主格结构和
with/without复合结构独立主格结构和
with/without复合结构29一.独立主格结构1.概念:充当状语在句中可以表示时间、原因条件、方式或伴随情况等。2.结构:
名词/代词+非谓语(doing&todo&done)形容词&副词介词短语
。形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句非谓语动词逻辑主语Takingyourageintoconsideration,You’dbetternotgohiking.Youragetakenintoconsideration,you’dbetternotgohiking.(逻主you)(逻主yourage)(逻辑主语与整句的主语相同)一.独立主格结构1.概念:形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句逻30(Ⅰ)名词/代词+分词(过去分词done
&现在分词doing)
当分词作状语时,其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。一般位于句首,也可放在句尾;作伴随状语时,常放在句首。
1.________________,theyleftthemeeting–room.(问题解决了)(settle)2.____________,we`llgothereonfoot.(时间允许的话)(permit)(cross)3.Hewaslyingonthegrass,(他的手交叉在手下)
__________________________ThisproblemsettledTimepermittinghishandscrossedunderhishead.l(Ⅰ)名词/代词+分词(过去分词done
31(Ⅱ)名词/代词+(being)形容词_________________,hehadtostayhometolookafterher.(他妈妈生病了)2.Heenteredthehouse,(他的鼻子冻得通红)___________________(red)(Ⅲ)名词/代词+(being)副词Heputonhissocks,_____________.
(反的一面在外面)(out)Hismother(being)illhisnoseredwithcold.wrongsideout(Ⅱ)名词/代词+(being)形容词________32(Ⅳ)名词/代词+不定式1.Isendyou100dollarstoday,therest__inayear.(2005湖南)A.followsB.followedC.tofollowD.beingfollowed.2.__________________________(最后一个人的到来),ourpartywasstarted.(arrive)Thelastguesttoarrive(Ⅳ)名词/代词+不定式1.Isendyou100d33(Ⅴ)名词/代词+介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短语中的名词都是单数名词,这些名词前习惯不用冠词。1.Ourteachercameintotheclassroom,____________.(手上一本书)2._______________thesoldierrushedtothetopofthemountain.(肩上一面旗帜)bookinhandFlagonshoulder(Ⅴ)名词/代词+介词短语在这一结构中,如果逻辑主语与介词短34(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词,仅
在名词或代词之后直接跟作表语或状语
的词或词组,省去的分词一般是being或havingbeen,这是为了简练。但在
“being+过去分词”或“therebeing+
过去分词”结构中,being不可省。1.___________________,hewenttoschool.(早餐结束后)(over)2.____________________________,shewentbacktoherroom.(没有闹钟的原因)3._________________________,wecan‘tgothere.(房间正在被油漆)Breakfast(being)overTherebeingnocauseforalarmTheroombeingpaintednow(Ⅵ)有些独立主格结构中没有分词,仅
在名词或代词之后35二.With和without复合结构
with和without复合结构是:with/without+名词/代词+分词/不定式/形容词/副词/介词短语。在句子中可以作状语或定语。二.With和without复合结构with和withou36(Ⅰ)with/without+名词/代词+现在分词。用现在分词表示主动、正在进行或发生的动作。
Icouldn`tfinishmyworkwiththosechildren__.A.playingaroundB.playsaroundC.playedaroundD.toplayaround(Ⅱ)with/without名词/代词+过去分词。用过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作。Intheread-room,wefoundherseatedatadesk,withherattention__onabook.A.fixingB.fixesC.fixedD.tofix
(Ⅰ)with/without+名词/代词+现在分词。用现在37(Ⅲ)with/without+名词/代词+不定式。用不定式表示将要发生的动作。Withalotofdifficultproblems__,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
(Ⅳ)with/without+名词/代词+形容词。Shesleepswiththewindowopen.(Ⅲ)with/without+名词/代词+不定式。用不定38(Ⅴ)with/without+名词/代词+副词。
__productionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.A.AsB.ForC.WithD.Through(Ⅵ)with/without+名词/代词+介词短语。
1.Hesleepswithabookinhishand.2.Agirlwithanecklacearoundherneckgotonthebus.(Ⅴ)with/without+名词/代词+副词。39三.with和without复合结构
与独立主格结构的转化(Ⅰ)with和without复合结构与独立主格结构在句中作状语时,一般可相互转换;此外还可变为状语从句或并列句。(1)作时间状语
Withwintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.=Wintercomingon,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.
=Whenwintercomeson,thetreesturnyellowandsomebirdsflysouth.
三.with和without复合结构
与独立主格结构的转40(2)作原因状语
Withthekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.
=Thekeylost,shecouldnotentertheroom.
=As/Becausethekeyhadbeenlost,shecouldnotentertheroom.(2)作原因状语Withthekeylost,41(3)作条件状语
Withtimepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.
=Timepermitting,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.
=Iftimepermits,we`llvisittheSummerPalace.(3)作条件状语Withtimepermitting42(4)作伴随状语
Herearethefirstthreevolumeswiththefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.
=Herearethefirstthreevolumes,thefourthonetocomeoutnextmonth.=Herearethefirstthreevolumesandthefourthoneiscomingoutnextmonth.
(4)作伴随状语Herearethefirstt43(Ⅱ)with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结
构则不可作后置定语修饰名词。
Soonshearrivedataparkwithgrassgreenandflowersinblossom.
=Soonshearrivedataparkwhosegrasswasgreenandwhoseflowerswereinblossom.(Ⅱ)with和without复合结构可以作后置441.__tenminutes__beforethelasttrainleft,wearrivedatthestation.A.Therewere;togoB.With;togoC.Iwas;leftD.Ithad;left2.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__.A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremainC.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars3.__thelightsoff,wecouldnotgoonwiththework.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because巩固练习1.__tenminutes__beforethe454.Itwasapitythatthegreatwriterdied__hisworkunfinished.A.forB.withC.fromD.of5.Theweather__sobad,wehadtoputoffthefootballmatch.A.wasB.isC.wereD.being6.__,therunnersracedontothefinishingline.A.StickinhandB.WithastickinhishandC.SticksinhandD.Sticksinhands7.Theboylayontheground,hiseyes__andhishands__.A.beingclosed;tremblingB.closed;tremblingC.closed;trembledD.closing;trembled
4.Itwasapitythatthegreat468.__,theworkcanbedonemuchbetter.A.GivenmoretimeB.WehadbeengivenmoretimeC.MoretimegivenD.Ifmoretimehadgiven9.Weather__,thesportsmeetwillbeheldasscheduled.A.permitsB.willpermitC.topermitD.permitting10.__arainyday,hedidn`tgooutforawalkasusual.A.ItwasB.ItisC.ItbeingD.HavingbeenWelldone!8.__,theworkcanbedonemu47非谓语动词是高中语法的重点,也是难点,咱们常常对此感到头疼。其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点,做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后,做题时可分四步分析。
非谓语动词是高中语法的重点,也是难点,咱们常常对此感到头疼。48一、分析句子结构
1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.
2.___manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.Told
C.HewastoldD.Thoughhetold
3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.
4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.
5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.Turned一、分析句子结构
1.________manytimes49二、分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑主语。非谓语动词虽不能作谓语,但仍具有动词特点,其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语。非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致。若不一致,则须加上自己的逻辑主语。
1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.Itbeing
2.______SundayIshallhaveaquietdayathome.二、分析逻辑主语
确定要选非谓语动词之后,第二步要分析其逻辑50三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。
1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.
2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.See
3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.
4._____thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashed三、分析语态
分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后,分析非谓语动词51四、分析时态,在选定了主动或被动后,还要考虑动作发生的时间问题,即时态。
1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.
2.Thebuilding_____
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