网球ITF一级规则

SECTIONI:INTRODUCTIONThisHandbookformspartoftheStudentPackforITFLevel1OfficiatingSchools.Ithasbeenwrittentoprovideyouwithaneasy-to-readsummaryofthekeypointsconcerning:LineUmpiringChairUmpiringCodeOfConductCodeforOfficialsHavingattendedtheSchool,youshouldregularlyconsultthisHandbookandtheothermaterialsthatyouhavereceivedtoensurethatyouareusingthecorrectITFproceduresandtechniques.IfyouwouldlikeadditionalinformationaboutofficiatingyoushouldcontactyourNationalAssociationorITFOfficiating.SECTIONII：LINEUMPIREA．INTRODUCTIONGoodLineUmpiresarecrucialtoawell-officiatedmatch.Withaccuratelinecalling,theChairUmpire’sjobismadeeasier.IftherearemistakesfromtheLineUmpiressuchaslatecallsandcorrectedcalls,thentheChairUmpirewillfacemoreproblems.B．BASICPOINTSTOREMEMBER1．Aimtomakeaccuratecalls2．Lookandsoundconfident-alwayssellyourcall3．Usethecorrecttechniques4．Iftheballtouchesthelineitisgood5．Yourmostimportantcallisyournextcall6．Alwaysconcentrate7．BeontimeforyourassignmentsC．DUTIESOFTHELINEUMPIRE1．Takeupapositionwhichgivesyouthebestviewofyourline.Ifyouareblockedbythereceiver,movetoseetheline.2．Callalltheballsonyourlineonly.NevercommentondecisionswhicharetheresponsibilityofotherLineUmpiresortheChairUmpire.3．Ifaplayergetsinyourwayandyoucannotseetheballlandimmediatelygiveanunsightedsignal.4．Correctawrongcallimmediately.EventheverybestLineUmpiresmakemistakes.Ifyourealiseyouhavemadeamistakeandcalled“out”or“fault”call“correction”immediately.5．RemainsilentiftheChairUmpireoverrulesyourcall.Iftheplayerasksyouaboutyourcallortheoverrule,referthequestiontotheChairUmpire.6．Callfootfaultswhenyouareassignedtoabaseline,sideline,orcentreserviceline.7．CallnetswhenassignedasNetUmpire.8．ReportimmediatelytotheChairUmpireanyCodeViolationsthatarenotseenorheardbytheChairUmpire.9．Donotcatchballsorholdtowelsforplayers.10．Donottalktothespectators.11．Neverapplaudtheplayers.12．DonotleavethecourtwithoutthepermissionoftheChairUmpireD．BASICTECHNIQUESOFLINE-CALLING1．PostureAlwayslookalertandbephysicallycomfortable.Onthelonglinesyoushouldstand.Onthecrosslines(baseandservice)youshouldsit.2．VoiceCallsThecallalwayscomesbeforethehandsignal.Therearefivemaincalls:a．“Out”b．“Fault”e．“FootFault”d．“Let”e．“Correction”。Yourcallsmustbeprompt(assoonastheballlands)andloud(loudenoughtostopplayandbeheardbytheplayersandspectators).Makeacalloneveryballthatlandsout.3．HandSignalsTherearefourdifferenthandsignalsA．“Out”or“Fault”Armfullyextendedsidewayspointinginthedirectioninwhichtheballwas“Out”or“Fault”.Thehandsignalshouldbemadeafterthevoicecall.HoldthesignallongenoughfortheChairUmpiretoseeit.B．“FootFault”“Correction”and“Net”Armfullyextendedupwardsatthesametimetheverbalcall“FootFault”,”Correction”or”Net”ismade.C．“SafeSignal”BacksofhandstogetherandvisibletotheChairUmpire.Youshouldgiveasafesignaleverytimetheballisgood(approximately3feet/lmetreinsidetheline).D．“Unsighted”Handstogetherinfrontofyourfacebelowyoureyes.Keepwatchingtheballsinceplaycontinues.4．CorrectTechniqueHowyoulookiscriticalforaccuracya．ServesandSmashesWhenaplayerisabouttohitaserve,orsmash,getyoureyestotheline.Don’twaitfortheserve/smashtobehit,asyoumaymisstheball.b．Exceptforservesandsmashes,tracktheballduringplay.Whenyourealisethattheballiscomingtowardsyourline,getyoureyestotheareathattheballwillland.Nevertracktheballallthewaytotheline.C．Neverstareatthelineforthewholepoint.5．AttheendofthepointOnhardcourts,lookattheChairUmpireonapoint-endingcall/signal.b．Onclaycourts,keepyoureyeonthemark,butbeawareoftheChairUmpire(incasehe/shesays”showmethemark”).C．DonotlookattheplayeraftermakingaclosecallSECTIONIII：CHAIRUMPIREThefollowingisasummaryofthemainpointscoveredintheChairUmpiringSectionoftheITFLevel1OfficiatingSchool.A．BEFORETHEMATCHAChairUmpireshould1．Havethefollowingbasicequipmenta．Scorecardb．Pencilswitherasersc．Handheldstopwatchd．Coinforthetosse．Tape-measure2．Arriveatthecourtbeforetheplayersandcheckthefollowinga．SinglessticksThecentreofthestickshouldbepositioned3feet/91.4cmfromoutsidethesinglessidelineonoppositesidesofthenet.b．HeightofthenetItshouldbe3feet,91.c．PositionoftheChairUmpire’sChairItshouldbeapproximately3feet/1metrefromthenetpostgivingyouagoodviewofthecount.d．PositionoftheLineUmpires’ChairsThefirstpriorityshouldbethattheLineUmpiresarenotlookingintothesun.Ifpossibletheyshouldbesittingoppositeyou.e．BallsYoushouldhaveenoughnewballstocompletethematch.Youshouldhavesomesparenewandusedballswithdifferentamountsofweartoreplacelostballs.3．Whentheplayersarriveatcourtconductapre-matchmeeting.Thisshouldbebriefbutinformative：a．Waitfortheplayersatthenet.Letthemcometothemeetingwhentheyareready.b．Informthemofthenumberofsets,tiebreaks,andballchange(ifany).c．Asktheplayersiftheyhaveanyquestionsd．Tossacointodecidechoiceofserveandends.Remember,thewinnermaychoosetoserveorreceive,chooseends,orrequiretheiropponenttochoose.e．CheckthattheplayersaredressedinaccordancewiththeCodeofConductwhereapplicable.f．Markyourscorecardastowhowonthetossandtheplayerschoices.B．DURINGTHEWARM-UP1．Havingcompletedthepre-matchmeeting,youshouldstartyourstopwatchasthefirstballofthewarm-upisstruckandgetupintothechair.2．Finishpreparingyourscorecard3．Whentwominutesofthewarm-upremainyoushouldannounce“twominutes”.4．Whenoneminuteremainsyoushouldannounce“oneminute”andthenintroducethematchasfollows：“Thisisaroundmatchbetweentotheleftofthechairandtotherightofthechair.Thebestofthree/fivetie-breaksets.Wonthetossandchoseto.”5．Whenthefiveminutesisup,announce:“Time,preparetoplay”anddirecttheballstotheserver’sendofthecourt.6．Whenyouseethattheplayersareready,announce:“toserve,play”.andnotethestarttimeonyourscorecard.C．DURINGTHEMATCHYouareinchargeofthematchandmustbeawareofeverythingthattakesplaceonandaroundthecourt.1．Lookattheserverashegetsreadytoserve.Justbeforetheserveisstruck(firstandsecondserves),checkthatthereceiverisready,thenreturntotheserverandfollowtheball.2．Alwayslookattheloserofthepoint-ifthereisgoingtobeaproblemorquestion,itwillcomefromthepointloser.Donotlookdownatyourscorecard.3．AnnouncingFollowingarethecorrectproceduresforannouncingthescore:a．Theserver’sscoreisalwayscalledfirst,exceptinthetie-breakb．Thescoreisannounced：Fifteen—Love,Love—Fifteen,Thirty—Love,Love—Thirty,Forty—Love,Love—Forty,Fifteen—All,Fifteen—Thirty,Thirty—Fifteen,Fifteen—Forty,Forty—Fifteen,Thirty—All,Forty—Thirty,Thirty—Forty,Deuce(neverForty—A11),Advantage,Game.c．Thescoreshouldbeannouncedloudlyandclearlywhenapointisfinished.Theannouncementshouldbemadebeforewritingthescoreonthescorecard.d．Attheendofagameorset,inadditionto“Game“,theChairUmpireshouldannouncethescoreingamesinconformitywiththefollowingexamples：“GameSmith.heorJonesleads4—2.firstset”or“GameSmith,3gamesall,firstset”or“Gameandsecondset,Smith,7gamesto5.Onesetall”Ifthereisascoreboardvisibletothespectators,thenthesetscoreneednotbementioned.e．Whenasetreachesthetie-break,announce:“GameSmith.6gamesa11.Tie-break,toserve.”f．Duringthetie-break,thescoreisannouncedbyfirstgivingthescoreandthenthenameoftheplayerwhoisleading：“1—0.Jones”or“1—0Jones/Smith”“1一all”“2—1.Smith”Use”zero”ratherthan”love”inthetie-break.Attheconclusionofthetie-break,announce：“Gameandset,7—6.”g．Attheconclusionofthematch,announcethewinner：“Game,setandmatchSmith,(2setsto1),6-4,1-6,7-6.”Ineachset,callfirstthenumberofgameswonbythewinnerofthematch.4．ScorecardMarkyourscorecardinaccordancewiththeapprovedproceduresasfollows：a．Pre-MatchBeforethepre-matchmeetingwiththeplayers,completetheinformationrequestedonthescorecardsuchasnameoftournament,round,ballchange,players’names,etc.b．TossAfterthetoss,notewhowonitandtheplayers’choices.c．Time/InterruptionsNotethetimeplaybeginsandfinishesineachset.Notethetimeandreasonforanyinterruptionsduringthematch.d．SidesforServeNotetheinitialsofeachplayerintheorderofservinginthesetinthe“ServerSide”columncorrespondingtotheirpropersidesontheconrt.e．BallChange(ifapplicable)MarkinadvancethegameatwhichaballchangewillbemadeontherighthandsideoftheScorecard.f．PointsPointsshouldberecordedbyslantedmarksintheboxesontheScorecardorbythefollowing：“A”一Ace“D”一DoubleFault“C”一Codeviolation“T”一Timeviolation“X”一ToindicateaPoint/GamePenaltyhasbeenissued.Inadditionadot“.”shouldbemadeinthemiddleofthebottomlineoftheserver’sboxtoindicateafirstservicefault.g．GamesTherunningtotalofgameswonbythewinnerofthelastgameonlyshouldbemarkedinthe“Games”columnattheendofeachgame.h．ViolationsCodeand/orTimeViolationsshouldbemarkedintheirrespectivesections.i．StatementAstatementshouldbemadeofallthefactsoftheviolation.quotingexactlyanystatementsmadethatareconsideredtobeobsceneorabusive.5．Youarethefinalauthorityonquestionsoffact；wastheballinorwastheballout?IftherearenoLineUmpires,you—nottheplayersmustcallallthelines.6．IfyouareassistedbyLineUmpires.youcanoverruletheirdecisionswhenyouseeaclearmistake.Ifyoudooverruleyoushoulddosopromptly.Youshouldneveroverruleinresponsetoaplayerappealorprotest.7．Ifyouareumpiringonaclaycourt,youareresponsibleforballmarkinspections.Theseshouldbecarriedoutinaccordancewiththecorrectprocedures.(SeeAppendixA).8．YoumustknowtheRulesofTennisandtheappropriateRulesandRegulationsandCodeofConduct.9．AsChairUmpireyoumakethefirstdeterminationona11pointsofTennisLaw(i.e.theRules).Remember,theplayerscanappealyourrulingonaQuestionofTennisLawtotheReferee/Supervisor(unlikeaQuestionofFact).10．Ensurethatplayis“continuous”.Remember,theplayershave20secondsbetweenpoints,90secondsforachange-overand120secondsforasetbreak.11．ifaplayerisinjuredduringthematch.he/sheisgenerallyalloweda3minutemedicaltime-outtoreceivetreatment.12．Youshouldsuspendplayifitrainsandthecourtbecomesdangerousorwhenthereisinsufficientlight.Wheneverpossiblethesuspensionshouldbeattheendofasetorafteranevennumberofgames.13．Youareresponsiblefortheballchanges(ifany)andfordecidingifaballisfitforplay.D．AFTERTHEMATCH1．YoushouldleavetheChairUmpire’schairasquicklyaspossible(aftertheplayer’shaveshakenhandsandreturnedtotheirchairs).Donotnecessarilyexpecttheplayerstoshakeyourhand.2．Donottalktotheplayersafterthematch3．CompleteyourscorecardandreturnittotheRefereeYoumustknowtheRulesofTennisandtheappropriateRulesandRegulationsandCodeofConduct.E．REMEMBERTHETHREEC’SOFCHAIRUMPIRING1．CommunicationAgoodChairUmpirewillcommunicateeffectivelywiththeplayers,theLineUmpiresandthecrowd.a．WiththePlayers：i．1istenandanswertheirquestionsii．staycalmiii．bedecisiveb．WiththeLineUmpires：i．useeyecontactatthechangeofendsii．useeyecontact(ifpossible)followingaclosecalliii．besupportivec．Withthecrowd：i．alwaysusepoliteannouncementsii．1etthecrowdrespond/applaudbetweenpoints2．ControlYouareresponsibleforcontrollingthematch.Youshoulda．Makeyourdecisionandsticktoit.b．Notlettheplayersarguefortoolongoverwhetheraballwasinorout.C．NotcalltheRefereetocourtifthereisadisputeaboutaQuestionofFact.TheplayeronlyhastherighttoseetheRefereeifthedisputeisoveraQuestionofTennisLaw.3．ConfidenceAlwaystrytoprojectacalmandconfidentimagea．Yourappearancewillhelphere：lookalert,smartandprofessional.b．Increaseyourconfidenceby：i．havingathoroughknowledgeoftheRulesofTennis,theappropriateRulesandRegulationsandtheCodeofConduct.11．gainingexperienceandumpiringasmanymatchesaspossible.SECTlONV：THECODEOFCONDUCTA．INTRODUCTIONBeforeyouworkatatournamentyoumustfindoutwhetheraCodeofConductisinoperation.MostNationalAssociationshaveaCodethatcoversJunior,Club,RegionalandNationalChampionships.Attheentrylevelofprofessionaltournaments(ITFMen’SandWomen’SCircuitEvents),theITFCodeofConductapplies.WhiletheseCodesmaydifferinsmalldetails,theyallexistforthesamereason：”tomaintainfairandreasonablestandardsofconductbyplayers”.Remember,inallcases,theCodeisthereasatooltohelpyouinthesmoothrunningofthematch.Ingeneral,youshouldusetheCodeofConductassoonasaplayerviolatesit.However,itisinevitablethatjudgmentshavetobemadeinapplyingtheCode.Notallsituationsareclearcut.B．DEFINITIONSTheITFTennisOfficiatingvideoshouldhavegivenyouallideaofthemaintypesofCodeViolationinprofessionalevents.Thesearesummarizedasfollows：1．DressandEquipmentPlayersmustdressinaprofessionalmannerin“cleanandcustomarytennisattire”.Checktherulesfortheeventyouareworking.2．UnreasonableDelayUndertheRulesofTennis.playshouldbe“continuous”.Ifaplayergoesoverthe20,90or120secondsallowedinthefollowingsituations：a．refusaltoplay(after“Let’sPlay”instruction)b．iftheplayerleavesthecountonhis/herowntimec．afteramedicaltime-outoraftertreatmentatachangeofendsorwhentheplayer’smedicalconditionisnottreatable.He/sheissubjecttoaCodeViolationforDelayofGame.InallothercircumstanceswhenaplayergoesoverthetimeallowedheissubjecttoaTimeViolation(warning,point,point,point).3．CoachingandCoachesPlayersmustnotreceivecoachingduringamatch(exceptinteamcompetitionswhentheteamcaptainison-court).IfyougiveaCodeViolationforcoachingyoumustbesurethatcoachingisbeinggivenandreceived.4．AudibleObscenityPlayersmustnotusewordson-courtthatarecommonlyunderstoodtobeobsceneorprofaneandareloudenoughtobeheardbytheChairUmpire,spectators,LineUmpiresorballkids.5．VisibleObscenityPlayersshallnotmakegesturesorsignswiththeirhands,racket,tennisballsoranyotherequipmentthatcommonlyhaveanobscenemeaning.6．AbuseofBallsPlayersshallnotviolentlyorwithangerhit,kickorthrowatennisball：a．outofthecourt；b．recklesslyordangerouslywithinthecourtc．withoutthinkingoftheconsequences7．AbuseofRacketsorEquipmentPlayersshallnotintentionallyandviolentlya．destroyordamageracketsorotherequipment；b．hitthenet,court,ChairUmpire’schairorotherfixtureduringamatchoutofangerorfrustration.8．VerbalAbusePlayersshallnotverballyabuseanopponent,anofficial,aspectatoretc.VerbalAbuseisanystatementthatimpliesdishonestyorisinsulting,derogatoryorotherwiseabusive.9．PhysicalAbusePlayersmustnotphysicallyabuse(e.g.push,punch,hit)theiropponent,allofficialoranyotherperson.10．UnsportsmanlikeConductPlayersareexpectedtoconductthemselvesinasportsmanlikemanneratalltimes.UnsportsmanlikeConductisdefinedas“anymisconductbyaplayerthatisclearlyabusiveordetrimentaltothesport”butdoesnotfallwithinanyothercategoryoftheCode.ExamplesofUnsportsmanlikeConductare:a．spittinginthedirectionofanofficialb．mouthingobscenities.C．POINTPENALTYSCHEDULETheITFCodeofConducthasthefollowingstagesfirstOffence--warningsecondoffence--pointpenaltythirdOffence--gamepenaltysubsequentoffences--gamepenaltyordefault(calltheRefereetodecide).D．ANNOUNCINGCODEVIOLATIONSItisimportantthatthecorrectwordingisusedwhenannouncingCodeViolations.Forexample：“CodeViolation,BallAbuse,Warning,Mr/Ms.”“CodeViolation,AudibleObscenity,PointPenalty,Mr/Ms”“CodeViolation,VerbalAbuse,GamePenalty,Mr/Ms.”“CodeViolation,RacketAbuse,Default,Mr/Ms“CodeViolationsmustalsobecorrectlyrecordedonyourscorecard.Makesurethatyouprovideadetailedandaccurateaccountofeachviolation.SECTlONVI：CODEFOROFFICIALSAswiththehighstandardofprofessionalismandconductrequiredofplayers,theITFrequiresahighstandardofprofessionalismandconductfromitsCertifiedOfficialsandallofficialswhoofficiateatITFsanctionedandrecognisedevents.Thesestandardsareasfollows：1．Officialsmustbeingoodphysicalcondition2．Officialsmustsubmitaneyetestformwhenrequired,whichconformstoITFstandards.Officialsmusthavenormalhearing.3．Officialsmustbeontimeforallmatchesassignedtothem4．Officialsmuststudy,understandandmastertheRulesofTennis,theseDutiesandProceduresForOfficialsandallTournamentRegulationsandCodesofConductforeventsinwhichtheyareofficiating.5．Officialsshoulddressandmaintaintheirappearanceandpersonalhygiene.6．Officialsmaynotdrinkanyalcoholicdrinksbeforetheirmatchonthedaytheyaretoofficiateoratanytimeon-sitewhileplayisinprogressorwhiletheofficialisinuniform.7．Offcialsshallnotofficiateinanymatchinwhichtheofficialhasarelationshipwithoneoftheplayersthatmightbeconsideredaconflictofinterestsoastocastdoubtuponhis/herimpartiality.Notonlyisabonafideconflictofinterestprohibited.butthemereappearanceofsuchaconflictwillrenderanofficialunsuitableforsuchanassignment.8．OfficialsshoulduponrequestdiscusswithplayersinterpretationsofRulesandwaystoimproveofficiatingandplayerconduct.9．Officialsshallnotsocialisewithorbecomeintimatewithplayers.Officials,however,arenotprohibitedfromstayinginthesamehotelsasplayersorfromattendingsocialfunctionsatwhichplayersmaybepresent.10．Officialsshallnotcriticiseorattempttoexplaincallsordecisionsbyotherofficialstoanyoneotherthanthoseofficialsdirectly,theITFSupervisor/RefereeorITPOfficiating.10．Officialsmaynotbetanythinginanymannerinconnectionwithanytennisevent.11．Officialsshallnot,exceptintheordinarycourseofcontrollingthecrowdduringamatch,conversewiththecrowdbefore,duringorafteramatch.12．Officialsshallnotparticipateinamediainterviewormeetingwithajournalistwherehis/herstatementsrelatingtotennisofficiatingcanbeprintedorbroadcastwithouttheapprovaloftheITFSupervisor/Referee.13．Officialsshallatalltimesmaintaincompleteimpartialitywithrespecttoallplayersandshallnotenterintoanyrelationshiportakeanyactionthatcastsdoubtonhis/herimpartialityasatennisofficial.14．0fficialsshallregisteranypotentialconflictofinterestwithITFOfficiating.ThisincludeswhenallofficialisaNationalTennisCoach;aNational.TennisTeamCaptain;aclosefriend.relativeorcoachofaprofessionaltennisplayer;workingwithacompanywithacommercialinterestintennisoraTournamentDirectororOrganiser.15．Officialsshallatalltimesconductthemselvesinaprofessionalandethic