高考阅读理解(main-idea)(课堂)课件

高三英语专题复习HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意题?1高三英语专题复习HowToGetTheMainId1.主旨大意2.猜测词义3.推理判断4.细节理解5.观点态度6.篇章结构题型及解题技巧21.主旨大意2.猜测词义3.推理判断4.细节理解5.观点态度

主旨大意

考查考生技巧加工与浓缩信息的能力3主旨大意考查考生技巧加工与浓缩信息的能力3

Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext/passage?Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarize/sumupthemainideaofthepassage?.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas_____.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?Doyouknowthefollowingsentences?4Doyouknowthefollowingsent

8.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?9.Thetopicofthispassageis____.10.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto____.11.Thepassageismeantto____.12.Theauthor’spurposeistoshow____.13.Thepurposeofthearticleisto_____.Doyouknowthefollowingsentences?5DoyouknowthefollowingsentThepositionofthe

topicsentenceAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentence6Thepositionofthe

topicsen

Ratsarestillalmostasbigadangertopeopleastheywerelongago.Theystillspreaddiseaseandeatcrops.Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedbyrats.Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedintheworld.topicsentence

？______________________________________________________________________Sample17

主题句呈现的形式主题句出现在文章或段落开头时，先提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。A.文首8主题句呈现的形式主题句出现在文章或段落开头时，先提出主题,Somesupermarketshaveaspecialwayofgettingpeopletocometothebakerycounters.Sometimestheyspraya“cakesmell”intotheair.Atothertimestheyspraythefreshsmellofbakingbread.Thesesmellsareenoughtomakepeople’smouthswater.Thecustomersthenracemadlytothecountertobuycakes,bread,rolls,andotherbakedgoods.Q:Themainideaoftheparagraphis_____.A.whatcakessmelllike B.whybakeriesmakemoneyC.howpeopleareattractedtobakerycounters D.whatbakerycountersinsupermarketssellExercise(A)

9Somesupermarketshavea

Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Sample2topicsentence

？10Sample2topicsentence？主题句出现在文章或段落结尾时，在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。B.文尾11主题句出现在文章或段落结尾时，在表述细节后,归纳要点,印AtthistimethestateofSouthCarolinawashavinghardtimes.Yearafteryearthesoilhadbeenplantedwiththesamecrop.Itwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves,andtheplantersknewlittleaboutsoilconservation.Becausethesoilwasbeginningtowearout,cropsweresmaller.TheyoungerpeoplewerenotsatisfiedtoraisecottononthepoorsoiloftheoldSouth.Manyofthemmovedwestwardsandstartedcottonplantations(种植园)inAlabamaandMississippi.Whatwasmore,somuchcottonhadbeenshippedtothefactoriesinEnglandandNewEnglandthattheyhadasmuchcottonastheycoulduse.Thisbroughtthepriceofcottondown.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations,andhigherandhigherpricesweredemandedforthem.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.

Exercise(B)

12

1.Thesubjectofthispassageis______.A.economicdifficultiesofSouthCarolinaB.thattheplantersknewnothingaboutfarmingC.thatthesoilinSouthCarolinawasnotgreatD.thecausesofhardtimesinSouthCarolina2.Whichofthefollowingsentencescansummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.B.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.C.Thesoilwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves.D.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations.131.Thesubjectofthispassage

Ifyouhadn’tknownthem,youwouldhavethoughtJoeandJimwerequitealike.Theywerebothtallandworelongandfairhair.Theybothwalkedwithasteadystride(坚定的步伐).Theybothspokeinadeepvoicethatmadethemselvesseemmucholderthantheyreallywere.Bothofthemworedarkclothesasarule,andtheylikedlightcolourties.Butthatwasallthelikenesstheyhad.Inotherthingstheyweresharplydifferent.Joewasconsiderateandhelpful,andeveryonelikedhim.Jim,however,wasveryselfishandoftenflaredintoterribleanger(勃然大怒)atlittlethingsthatdispleasedhim.AlikeasJoeandJimwereonthesurface,theywerereallyverydifferentinnature.Exercise(C)

14Ifyouhadn’tknownthem,Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.JoeandJimarealikeineverything. B.JoeandJimaretwins.C.JoeandJimaredifferentinnature.D.JoeandJimarealikeindressingbutdifferentinnature.15Q:Whatisthemainideaofth

Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature’sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica’sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison（北美野牛）,poisonedtheprairiedogs（草原犬鼠）,andshotthecoyotes（郊狼）.Allthisupsetthearea’sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.topicsentence?Sample316

WethinkofafloodC.文中

当主题句出现在文中时，通常前面只提出问题，然后由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出主题,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。17C.文中当主题句出现在文中时，通常前面只提出问题，然Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabulletisshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimetoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesnotstayupforever.Finally,likeeveryoneelse,theplanemustcomedown.Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.Aballfallsdownlikeabullet.B.Anythingthatgoesupmustfalldown.C.Aplanetravelsinthesamewayasabullet.D.Everythinghasweight.

Exercise(D)

18Whenyou

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.Exercise(E)

19Q:Whichofthefollowing

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailSample4topicsentence?20

Tomstudiedfouryears

即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。D.无主题句21即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根

Wouldn’titbeterrible,ifwedidn’thavegrass?Wewouldhavetowalkonbaresoil.Canyouguesswhatourplaygroundswouldlooklike?Onarainydaywewouldgetallmuddy.Onadrydaywewouldbreathscloudsofdust.Q:Thestorymainlytells______.A.whyweneedrainB.howgrassiskeptgreenC.howgrasshelpsusD.withoutgrasswewouldhavetowalkonbaresoilExercise(F)

22Wouldn’titbeterrible,i

Q:Themainideaofthispassageis___.A.arobberrobbedashopB.Mr.BrownandMr.TaylorfoughtagainstarobberC.nonebutthebravecanwinvictoryD.JohnTaylorwasabravemanExercise(G)

23Q:ThemainideaofthisQ.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.AchildhoodDream. B.AMother’sLove.C.AGraduationParty. D.ASpecialBirthday.

Exercise(H)

Q:Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto_____.A.showtheimportanceofwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthemExercise(I)

24Q.WhichofthefollowingwoulQ:Theauthorwrotethisarticleinorderto_____.A.tellusthatitisn’tgoodtokeepfeelinginsideB.giveussomeadviceonhowtoexpressourfeelingsC.makeusfacetheproblemthatwehavetodealwithfeelingsD.makeusknowthatitisn’talwayswisetoexpressourfeelingsfreelyExercise(J)

25Q:Theauthorwrotethisartic如何做主旨大意题

做此类题目时，第一：要搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中的蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。第二：任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心。Summary26如何做主旨大意题做此类题目时，第一：要搞清是

第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思想常常由主题句(Topicsentence)来表达。主题句常常出现在段首(60%--90%)或段尾处,有时也在段落中间。同样,一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此,在阅读中,我们要对文章的开始段和结尾段及段落的主题句给予特别的注意。27第三:要学会借助文章的结构来把握中心思想。段落中心思干扰项的陷阱1.以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。2.放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。3.偷换概念，文章讲的主题被换成相关但不同的主题。28干扰项的陷阱1.以偏概全，干扰项故意片面地理解文章，把文章中解题方法Techniques1.正向法：速读文章，找主题句或自己概括主题，从选项中找出最符合的。2.逆向法：假设题目中的选项为标题，其写法是否与所给文章一致。3.统计法：有些段落文章有多个句子段落，各句段主题可能完全不同，此时应选择涉及最多的选项。29解题方法Techniques1.正向法：速读文章，找主题高三英语专题复习HowToGetTheMainIdea?如何做主旨大意题?30高三英语专题复习HowToGetTheMainId1.主旨大意2.猜测词义3.推理判断4.细节理解5.观点态度6.篇章结构题型及解题技巧311.主旨大意2.猜测词义3.推理判断4.细节理解5.观点态度

主旨大意

考查考生技巧加工与浓缩信息的能力32主旨大意考查考生技巧加工与浓缩信息的能力3

Whatisthemain/generalideaofthistext/passage?Whatismainlydiscussedinthispassage?Whatisthetextmainlyabout?Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarize/sumupthemainideaofthepassage?.Themainideaofthispassagemaybebestexpressedas_____.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?Whichofthefollowingisthebest/mostsuitabletitleforthistext?Doyouknowthefollowingsentences?33Doyouknowthefollowingsent

8.Whichofthefollowingtitlesbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?9.Thetopicofthispassageis____.10.Theauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto____.11.Thepassageismeantto____.12.Theauthor’spurposeistoshow____.13.Thepurposeofthearticleisto_____.Doyouknowthefollowingsentences?34DoyouknowthefollowingsentThepositionofthe

topicsentenceAtthebeginningAttheendInthemiddleNocleartopicsentence35Thepositionofthe

topicsen

Ratsarestillalmostasbigadangertopeopleastheywerelongago.Theystillspreaddiseaseandeatcrops.Muchofthehungerwehavetodayiscausedbyrats.Theyeathalfofthegrainharvestedintheworld.topicsentence

？______________________________________________________________________Sample136

主题句呈现的形式主题句出现在文章或段落开头时，先提出主题,随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想.最常见的演绎法写作方式。A.文首37主题句呈现的形式主题句出现在文章或段落开头时，先提出主题,Somesupermarketshaveaspecialwayofgettingpeopletocometothebakerycounters.Sometimestheyspraya“cakesmell”intotheair.Atothertimestheyspraythefreshsmellofbakingbread.Thesesmellsareenoughtomakepeople’smouthswater.Thecustomersthenracemadlytothecountertobuycakes,bread,rolls,andotherbakedgoods.Q:Themainideaoftheparagraphis_____.A.whatcakessmelllike B.whybakeriesmakemoneyC.howpeopleareattractedtobakerycounters D.whatbakerycountersinsupermarketssellExercise(A)

38Somesupermarketshavea

Oftennoonelooksmoreguiltythantheinnocent.Ontheotherhand,nobodymaylookmoreinnocentthanaprofessionalcriminal.Andthemanwhoknows“everything”mayreallyonlybetryingtohidehisownweakness.So,itisfoolishtotrytojudgeapersononlybyhisappearance.Sample2topicsentence

？39Sample2topicsentence？主题句出现在文章或段落结尾时，在表述细节后,归纳要点,印象,结论建议或结果,以概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。B.文尾40主题句出现在文章或段落结尾时，在表述细节后,归纳要点,印AtthistimethestateofSouthCarolinawashavinghardtimes.Yearafteryearthesoilhadbeenplantedwiththesamecrop.Itwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves,andtheplantersknewlittleaboutsoilconservation.Becausethesoilwasbeginningtowearout,cropsweresmaller.TheyoungerpeoplewerenotsatisfiedtoraisecottononthepoorsoiloftheoldSouth.Manyofthemmovedwestwardsandstartedcottonplantations(种植园)inAlabamaandMississippi.Whatwasmore,somuchcottonhadbeenshippedtothefactoriesinEnglandandNewEnglandthattheyhadasmuchcottonastheycoulduse.Thisbroughtthepriceofcottondown.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations,andhigherandhigherpricesweredemandedforthem.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.

Exercise(B)

41

1.Thesubjectofthispassageis______.A.economicdifficultiesofSouthCarolinaB.thattheplantersknewnothingaboutfarmingC.thatthesoilinSouthCarolinawasnotgreatD.thecausesofhardtimesinSouthCarolina2.Whichofthefollowingsentencescansummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.HardtimeshadcometoSouthCarolina.B.Plantersfoundtheirexpensesrisingandtheirincomesfromthesaleofcottonreduced.C.Thesoilwasfarmedbyuneducatedandcarelessslaves.D.Moreandmoreslaveswereneededtoworkonthenewandlargeplantations.421.Thesubjectofthispassage

Ifyouhadn’tknownthem,youwouldhavethoughtJoeandJimwerequitealike.Theywerebothtallandworelongandfairhair.Theybothwalkedwithasteadystride(坚定的步伐).Theybothspokeinadeepvoicethatmadethemselvesseemmucholderthantheyreallywere.Bothofthemworedarkclothesasarule,andtheylikedlightcolourties.Butthatwasallthelikenesstheyhad.Inotherthingstheyweresharplydifferent.Joewasconsiderateandhelpful,andeveryonelikedhim.Jim,however,wasveryselfishandoftenflaredintoterribleanger(勃然大怒)atlittlethingsthatdispleasedhim.AlikeasJoeandJimwereonthesurface,theywerereallyverydifferentinnature.Exercise(C)

43Ifyouhadn’tknownthem,Q:Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.JoeandJimarealikeineverything. B.JoeandJimaretwins.C.JoeandJimaredifferentinnature.D.JoeandJimarealikeindressingbutdifferentinnature.44Q:Whatisthemainideaofth

Wethinkofafloodoranearthquakeasanaturaldisaster.Tomanyofnature’sanimals,however,thegreatestdisasteristhecomingoflargenumbersofhumans.WhensettlerscamefromtheEasttoAmerica’sgreatwesternplains,theykilledmillionsofbison（北美野牛）,poisonedtheprairiedogs（草原犬鼠）,andshotthecoyotes（郊狼）.Allthisupsetthearea’sbalanceofnature.Fortheanimals,itwasworsethanafloodorearthquake.topicsentence?Sample345

WethinkofafloodC.文中

当主题句出现在文中时，通常前面只提出问题，然后由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出主题,而后又作进一步的解释,支撑或发展。46C.文中当主题句出现在文中时，通常前面只提出问题，然Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabulletisshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimetoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesnotstayupforever.Finally,likeeveryoneelse,theplanemustcomedown.Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage?A.Aballfallsdownlikeabullet.B.Anythingthatgoesupmustfalldown.C.Aplanetravelsinthesamewayasabullet.D.Everythinghasweight.

Exercise(D)

47Whenyou

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestsummarizesthispassage?A.Whenlanguageisabarrier,peoplewillfindotherformsofcommunication.B.Everybodyusesonlyoneformofcommunication.C.Nonlinguisticlanguageisinvaluabletoforeigners.D.Althoughotherformsofcommunicationexist,verbalizationisthefastest.Exercise(E)

48Q:Whichofthefollowing

TomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation.HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors.HarvardLawSchooland,later,BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground.HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami,Florida.

Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat______.

A.Tom,whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfour

years,movedtoanotheruniversity.

B.Tombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfrom

HarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege.

C.Tomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedat

Berlinuniversity.

D.Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation.detaildetaildetailSample4topicsentence?49

Tomstudiedfouryears

即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。D.无主题句50即主题句隐含在全文中,没有明确的主题句.必须根

Wouldn’titbeterrible,ifwedidn’thavegrass?Wewouldhavetowalkonbaresoil.Canyouguesswhatourplaygroundswouldlooklike?