2023考研英语长难句-100句打卡讲义

学习说明:本材料句子均来自考研英语（一）、（二）真题。目的在于提升词汇量与长难句分析的能力。请大家先阅读每句话下面的必背生词与中文翻译，然后填空。填空时，部分单词需要变形。填空后，请在“解析”部分阅读原句和长难句分析。祝大家：考上！l.Thecompany,amajorenergyinNewEngland,justifiedinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasalongstandingtoabidebythestate'sstrictnuclearregulations.必背生词outrage:afeelingofgreatanger(n.)愤怒renegeon：tonottodosthyouhavepromised违背commitment:apromisetodosth(n.)承诺renegeon违背supplier[sa'plair]供货商voke[p田vouk]弓|发，弓|起v.参考翻译上周，新英格兰地区一家主要能源供应商宣布要违背之前的一项长期承诺，不再该遵守州严格的核能法令，这一举动引发了Vermont州合乎情理的民愤。解析：Thecompany,amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland,provokedjustifiedoutrageinVermontlastweekwhenitannounceditwasrenegingonalongstandingcommitmenttoabidebythestatedstrictnuclearregulations.句型结构复合句逐步分析主句：Thecompany主语，amajorenergysupplierinNewEngland主语的同位语，provoked谓语justifiedoutrage宾语inVermontlastweek状语When定从it主语announced谓语省略了that的宾从it主语wasrenegingon谓语alongstandingcommitment宾语toabidebythestate'sstrictnuclearregulation后置定语整句翻译：上周，新英格兰地区一家主要能源供应商宣布要违背之前的一项长期承诺，不再该遵守州严格的核能法令，这一举动引发了Vermonl州合乎情理的民愤。Butwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisveryparticularlysincechildrendifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.必背生词respond[ri'spand]回应v.define|difain]tosayorexplainwhatthemeaningofawordorphraseis斗崎、(vt.)undoubtedly[Andautidli]withcertainty毫无疑问地、毋席置疑地(adv.)tricky['triki]difficulttodoordealwith棘手的、困难的、难对付的、狡猾的(adj.)整句翻译然而，界定“好家长”的内涵无疑是非常困难的，因为孩子们对于同一种教育方式的反应是不同的。解析Butdefiningwhatitmeanstobeagoodparentisundoubtedlyverytrickyparticularlysincechildrenresponddifferentlytothesamestyleofparenting.句型结构：复合句主句主语（动名词+宾从句）+主句系动词+表语+since原因状语从句逐步分析主句框架：defining istricky.（主系表结构）defining[whatitmeanstobeagoodparent]what引导的宾语从句作本句主语defining的宾语，从而这一部分整体作为主句的主语部分存在；since引导原因状语从句，在这一从句部分中，children为主语，respondto为谓语，thesamestyle宾语ofparenting定语，differently副词用以修饰谓语。整句翻译然而，界定“好家长”的内涵无疑是非常困难的，因为孩子们对于同一种教育方式的反应是不同的。ForyearsandheadhuntershavetherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbe.必背生词executive:apersonorgroupofpersonshavingadministrativeorsupervisoryauthorityinanorganization.poach:totakewithoutpermissionanduseasone'sown:topoachideas;astaffpoachedfromothercompanies.adhereto坚持主句翻译多年来，高管们和猎头们都坚持这个原则：最有吸引力的CEO候选人是那些只能被挖来（的人）。解析ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.句型结构复合句逐步分析Foryearsexecutivesandheadhunters主句主语haveadheredto谓语therule宾语thal同位语从句themostattractiveCEOcandidates主语aretheones系表结构作谓语who定语从句，（who作从句主语）mustbepoached谓语.参考翻译多年来，高管们和猎头们都坚持这个原则：最有吸引力的CEO候选人是那些只能被挖来（的人）。However,eventhoughitiscommon,itistokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentof,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumayforalongtime.必背生词fatigue[fb*ti:gjafeelingofbeingextremelytired,usuallybecauseofhardworkorexercise疲劳、劳累（n.）regret[ri'gret]tofeelsorryaboutsthyouhavedoneoraboutsththatyouhavenotbeenabletodo后悔、对…感到遗憾/痛惜（vt.）//痛惜、懊悔、遗憾、失望（n.）vital:至关重要的a.前面的something）you主mayregret谓（foralongtime状）整句翻译然而，尽管这种情况很普遍，但仍需谨记，在身心俱疲的那一瞬间很可能会对孩子说出一些让自己后悔良久的话。解析However,eventhoughitiscommon,itisvitaltokeepinmindthatinasinglemomentoffatigue,youcansaysomethingtoyourchildthatyoumayregretforalongtime.句型结构：复合句逐步分析However,eventhough引导让步状语从句itiscommon为主系表结构本句主句it形式主语isvital系表结构作谓语tokeepinmind真正的主语that宾从（inasinglemomentoffatigue状语），you主cansay谓somethingtoyourchild宾that定从（修饰前面的something）you主mayregret谓（foralongtime状）Thatisbecausetheyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdriverswhomustpayfeesorbuybetterratherthanontothecarwhosecheatingistherealcauseofourpollution.必背单词vehicle['viik(a)l1车辆，工具n.inevitably[Inevitabli]ifsomethingwillinevitablyhappen,itiscertaintohappenandcannotbepreventedoravoided.不可避免地、必然地(adv.)manufacturer[,m^enjufaektjara(r)|apersonorcompanythatproducesgoodsinlargequantities生产者、制造者、生产商(n.)toxic['toksik[containingpoisonorpoisonous有毒的、引起中毒的(adj.)整句翻译因为这些措施不可避免地将清洁空气的成本加诸于司机个人而不是加诸于汽车生产商，即司机必须为空气污染付费或者买更好的车，而生产商的舞弊行为才是造成空气严重污染的真正原因。解析Thatisbecausetheyinevitablyputthecostsofcleaningtheairontoindividualdriverswhomustpayfeesorbuybettervehiclesratherthanontothecarmanufacturerswhosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution.主句：that主句主语is主句系动词because because引导表语从句用以解释原因。表语从句：they主语，pul谓语，thecostsofcleaningtheair宾语，ontoindividualdrivers宾语补主语Lratherthan连词,ontothecarmanufacturers宾语补足语2；宾语补足语[individualdrivers后whomustpayfeesorbuybettervehicles中，who引导词作主语引导定语从句，修饰限定先行词individualdrivers,mustpayorbuy谓语，feesorvehicles宾部部分；宾语补足语2carmanufacturers后whosecheatingistherealcauseofourtoxicpollution中，whose引导定语从句，whosecheating主语，isiherealcause表语ofoureoxicpoHution系表结构。Amoregoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeasandasyoucanwhenfacedwithtryingsituationsyourchildren.必背单词involve[In'valv]需要、涉及v.practical['praektikljrightorsensible;likelytobesuccessful;usefulorsuitable切实可行的、有用的、实际的(adj.)tolerant['tobront]abletoacceptwhatotherpeoplesayordoevenifyoudonotagreewithit忍受的、宽容的、容忍的、忍让的(adj.)compose[kampauz]tocombinetogethertoformawhole;towritemusicorpoem组成、构成、作曲、创作、写作(vt.)整句翻译设定一个更实际的目标，即当你面对涉及到孩子的难以控制的情形时，尽可能的保持宽容和淡定。解析：Amorepracticalgoalistotry,tothebestofyourability,tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucanwhenfacedwithtryingsituationsinvolvingyourchildren.句型结构复合句逐步分析amorepractical用以形容goal,goal主语istotry…为此句中的核心框架,is系动词，totry动词不定式作表语；tobethebestofyourability这--独立结构作为插入语，位置相对灵活。tobeastolerantandcomposedasyoucan作为try的宾语，其中as....assbcan结构表示“尽可能…”，省略号部分可添加形容词或副词的原级；whenfacedwithtryingsituations中when引导时间状语从句，involvingyourchildren作situations的后置定语，用于限定场景类型；TheycouldstillFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacing,urgent,andtheycouldtakemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingfora_.必背生词severe严重的a.invalidate[Invaelidelt]vt.使无效、证明是错误的circumstance['s3：rkamsta^ns)n.环境、状况、情形reasonable['ri：znabl]adj.合理的、公道的、通情达理的warrant['wDrant]n.授权、正当理由、委任状、证据、证明vt.保证、担保参考翻译：他们仍然可以在严重和紧急的情况下让第四修正案不具有效力，也可以采取合理手段保证在等待授权的时间里手机上的数据不被删除或修改。解析：TheycouldstillinvalidateFourthAmendmentprotectionswhenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances,andtheycouldtakereasonablemeasurestoensurethatphonedataarenoterasedoralteredwhilewaitingforawarrant.整句结构：复合句逐步分析They为主语，couldinvalidate为“情态动词+动词原形”结构作谓语，FourthAmendmentprotections作为宾语部分；情况下whenfacingsevere,urgentcircumstances为when引导的条件状语从句，即表示“在情况下（whentheyface,主句和从句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和系动词）and为并列连词，连接主句2,其中they为主语，couldtake为“情态动词+动词原形”结构作谓语，reasonablemeasures宾语部分，toensure目的状语；宾从thatphonedata主语arenoterasedoraltered谓语部分while时间状从，waitingforawarrant（whiletheyarewaitingforawarrant,主句和从句的主语一致时，可以省略从句的主语和系动词）Thepotentialoftoday'stechnology,anditssocial,isdazzlingly,andit'sperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandtoexplorethemanypossibilitiesthatwecanenvisage.必背生词futurologist[,Qu：tfa*rDbd3lst]n.未来学家、未来学的研究者consequence「kDns工kwans|n.重要性、结果、推论complicated[komplikeitid]adj.复杂的、难懂的evolution[,evalu：Jn]n.进化参考翻译如今科技可能出现的进步及其带来的社会影响是相当复杂的，也许最好是将我们能想象到的各种可能留给科幻小说作者和未来学家去探究。解析Thepotentialevolutionoftoday'stechnology,anditssocialconsequences,isdazzlinglycomplicated,andifsperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilitiesthatwecanenvisage.整句结构：并列复合句逐步分析主句IThepotentialevolution主语oftoday'stechnology定语，anditssocialconsequences插入语,isdazzlinglycomplicated谓语,主句2andit主语isperhapsbestlefttosciencefictionwritersandfuturologiststoexplorethemanypossibilities系表结构定语从句，thatwe主语canenvisage谓语.Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourwillfindthemselves.必背生词Evidence-based|evidons-beist]adj.基于证据的、有证据显示的descendant[disendant）n.子孙、后裔、后代identify[aldentifai]vt.确定、鉴定、识别、辨认参考翻译：正如经常发生的那样，了解过去是预测未来的关键：我们现在己经对塑造地球历史和我们物种的长期模式有了足够的认识，可以有根据地预测我们的子孙后代会处于什么情形解析Assooften,thepastholdsthekeytothefuture:wehavenowidentifiedenoughofthelong-termpatternsshapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituationsinwhichourdescendantswillfindthemselves.句型结构:复合句逐步分析时间状语，assooften,位置灵活，置于句首；分句1：thepast主语holds谓语thekey宾语tothefuture定语冒号后的分句2we主语havenowidentified谓语enoughofthelong-termpatterns宾语，shapingthehistoryoftheplanet,andourspecies后置定语,tomakeevidence-basedforecastsaboutthesituations目的状语定语从句2:inwhich引导定语从句，ourdescendants主语willfind谓语themselves宾语ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgrouptohelpimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.必背生词dynamics|dai4naemiks]n.动力学、力学individual[,Indi'vid3uol|adj.个体的、个人的、个别的;n.个体、个人contend[kantend]vt.竞争、斗争、抗争、争论参考翻译：但她在其新书《加入俱乐部》中认为，同伴压力也可以是一种正面的力量，她把这称为“社会疗法”，各种组织和官员可以善用这种群体动态的力量，帮助个人改善生活，乃至整个世界。解析ButinhernewbookJointheClub,TinaRosenbergcontendsthatpeerpressurecanalsobeapositiveforcethroughwhatshecallsthesocialcure,inwhichorganizationsandofficialsusethepowerofgroupdynamicstohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld.句型结构：复合句逐步分析状语：butinhernewbookJointheClub主句：TinaRosenberg主语contends谓语、宾语从句1：thal引导宾语从句，peerpressure宾从主语canalsobeapositiveforce系表结构谓语宾语从句2:what引导宾语从句，作为through的宾语，she宾从主语calls宾从谓语thesocialcure宾语非限制性定语从句：,+inwhich引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句中：organizationsandofficials主语useiniuthepowerofgroupdynamics宾语tohelpindividualsimprovetheirlivesandpossiblytheworld动词不定式作宾语补足语。WhileshowthatBritons"thecountryside5'alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakethemoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.必背生词rate[reit]v.打分；n.比率poll[paul]n.投票、民意测验、投票站proudest[praudist]adj.最骄傲的alongside|a,1Dgsald]prep.在…旁边、与…一起参考翻译：尽管民意调查显示，英国人将“乡村''评为令他们最自豪的事物之一，与皇室家庭、莎士比亚以及英国国民健康服务并驾齐驱，但这一结果却只获得了有限的政治支持解析：WhilepollsshowthatBritonsrate“thecountryside^^alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)aswhatmakethemproudestoftheircountry,thishaslimitedpoliticalsupport.让步状语从句：while连词，引导让步状语从句部分，polls从句主语show从句谓语宾语从句：that引导宾语从句，嵌套在让步状语从句中，Britons宾从主语rate宾从谓语“thecountryside^^alongsidetheroyalfamily,ShakespeareandtheNationalHealthService(NHS)宾语as宾从what主语make谓语them宾语proudestoftheircountry宾补主句：this主语has谓语(limitedpoliticalsupport宾语)。SowhatKennedywaswasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodfortheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.必背生词measure:「mejor]n.措施；v.测fireferto：参考，涉及，谈到解析：SowhatKennedywasreferringtowasthatwhileGDPhasbeenthemostcommonmethodformeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations,asameasure,itisnolongerenough.主语从句作主句主语SowhatKennedy主语wasreferringto,wasthat系动词+表语从句，作主句谓语在表语从句中嵌入让步状语从句whileGDP主语hasbeenthemostcommonmethod系表结构作表从谓语(formeasuringtheeconomicactivityofnations定语)asameasure状语，it表语从句主语isnolongerenough系表结构，表从谓语参考翻译因此，肯尼迪的意思是，尽管GDP一直是衡量一个国家经济活动最常用的方法，但其作为一种衡量手段已经不太适用了。OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionanddigitalinformationinthe21stcenturywiththeofautomobileuseasanecessityoflifeinthe20th:thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonalofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestoinformationnow.必背生词establishment[I'staebliJmant)n.确立、确定、制定、设置、公司、设施domain[ddU'meln]n.领域、域名、产业、领地digital[di631tl]adj.数字的accessibility[ok,sesabihti]n.可得到、易亲近、可及性、可达性virtue['v3rtfu]n.美德，优点参考翻译：法学教授奥瑞科尔将20世纪时确立汽车为生活必须品与21世纪数字信息爆发与可获得性做了一个对比：法官们当时必须为私家车中的个人空间详细地制定一些创新规则；现在他们必须弄清楚如何将第四修正案用在数字信息上。解析：OrinKerr,alawprofessor,comparestheexplosionandaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21"centurywiththeestablishmentofautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20叱thejusticeshadtospecifynovelrulesforthenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;theymustsortouthowtheFourthAmendmentappliestodigitalinformationnow.OrinKerr主句1主语，alawprofessor定语插入语，compares主句谓语[theexplosionandstaccessibilityofdigitalinformationinthe21century]宾语1with[theestablishmentofthautomobileuseasavirtualnecessityoflifeinthe20]宾语2.核心结构在于：compareAwithB,将A和B作比较用于对后面内容的介绍或解释分句1:thejustices分句主语had分句谓语tospecifynovelrules宾语for后接定语thenewpersonaldomainofthepassengercarthen;分句2:they分句主语mustsortout分句谓语，为情态动词+动词原形结构，how引导宾语从句作sortout的宾语宾语从句：theFourthAmendment从句主语appliesto从句谓语digitalinformation从句宾语now.AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,avolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiian'sasthepiko,thattheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.volcano[volkeinau]n.火山connect[kanekt]vt.连接、联合、关联dormant[do:mjnt]adj.休眠的、静止的、睡眠状态的参考翻译：引来争议的是TMT计划兴建的地址位于莫纳克亚山，这座休眠火山被夏威夷人尊崇为连接夏威夷和天堂的入口。解析：AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiian飞asthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.Atissue表语，is系动词，此处系表结构作主语，且倒装。theTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea作主语；adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiian'sasthepiko作为插入语，其中worshiped作adormantvolcano的后置定语；that定从指代adormantvolcano作主语，connects谓语，[theHawaiianIslands]宾语1to|theheavens]宾语2,本句核心结构为：connectAtoB,将A与B连接起来。CallstoalltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.必背词汇：telescope['tellskdup]n.望远镜vt.使精简、使压缩disassemble diso*sembl]vt.拆卸；拆开astronomy|astrondmi|n.天文学参考翻译：那些要求拆除莫纳克亚山上所有的望远镜，或者禁止在那儿进行未来发展的呼声忽视了一个现实：天文学和夏威夷文化都在寻求关于“我们是谁”“我们从哪里来”以及“我们要去哪”这些深奥问题的答案。解析：CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Call主语todisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKea,or连词表选择，tobanfuturedevelopmentthere两个并列选择的动词不定式结构作定语。ignore主语谓语动词thereality主句宾语，that同位语从句：astronomyandHawaiianculture作从句主语seek谓语toanswerbigquestions宾语,about介词whoweare宾语从句1,wherewecomefrom宾语从句2,andwherewearegoing宾语从句3.RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsoffromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.必背词汇：engagement[in'geld3mant|n.参与、婚约、约会、交战、诺言perform[pofo:m]vt.执行、完成、演奏criteria|kraifctiana|n.标准、条件参考翻译：此次调查不仅聚焦在GDP上，还涉及健康、教育以及国民社会参与度等40多项不同指标的衡量，以求对接受调查的国家的表现做一个更全面的评估。解析：RatherthanjustfocusingonGDP,over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagementhavebeenmeasuredtogetamoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming.ratherthan连接，focusingonGDP非谓语over40differentsetsofcriteriafromhealth,educationandcivilsocietyengagement长主语havebeenmeasured谓语toget目的状语amoreroundedassessmentofhowcountriesareperforming宾语，其中of+how弓I导的方式宾语从句，从句中countries为主语，areperforming为系表结构，作谓语。Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlywiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigher.必背词汇self-esteem自尊，自大n.correspond[.koro^pand]相当于，符合v.参考翻译：有些人认为那些提升自身吸引力的照片是真实的，有些人则为了维护自尊而指出其他的照片， 事实上这些人的行为是完全一致的。分析：Infactthosewhothoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwiththosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem.主句Infactthose主语定从1who主语thought谓语宾从thattheimages主语higherudtheattractivenessscale定语（werereal宾从谓语）directlycorresponded主句谓语withthose主句宾语定从2who主语showed谓语othermarkers宾语forhavinghigherself-esteem宾补.Facebook,therefore,isaself-enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostphotos,thecreamoftheir,style,beauty,andlifestyle.必背生词paradise['pero.dais]天堂n.wit[wit]智力ellect['Int（d）l.ekt]智商高的人n.flattering[•flaetarig）奉承的；讨好的a.参考翻译因此，脸书便成为了自我抬升者的天堂。在那里人们可以只分享那些美图后的漂亮照片，这是他们才智、风格、美丽、智慧和生活方式的精华部分。解析：Facebook,therefore,isaself-enhancer^paradise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyle.主句Facebook,therefore,isaself-enhancer'sparadise系表结构作谓语，定从wherepeople主语canshare谓语onlythemostflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intelleclandlifestyle.很长的宾语Theconceptofmanmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostfeltduringeconomicandrecoveries.必背生词acutely[^kjutli]强烈地adv.downturn['daun.t3rn]衰退n.recovery[ri'kAvnri]恢复，复苏n.versus[,v3rsos]与…相对prep（介词）fragile「fraed^ol]易碎的a.参考翻译“人机对抗''的概念至少可以追溯到工业革命时期，但这种现象往往是在经济衰退和脆弱的经济复苏时期更能被敏锐地感受到。解析Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthisphenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries.主句ITheconcept主语ofmanversusmachine定语isatleastasoldas主eindustrialrevolution系表结构作谓语，主句2butthisphenomenon主语tendstobemostacutelyfelt谓语部分duringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries时间状语Itishardtoforattentionamongmultibillion-poundproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.必背生词Infrastructure[1nfro.strAktfor]基础设施n.Shove['fav(o)l]铲n;v.参考翻译由于很难对数十亿英镑的基础设施项目进行关注，所以他们的注意力就不可避免地被集中于其他地方。分析Itishardtoshoveforattentionamongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.主句1It形式主语ishard谓语to形ove真正的主语forattention作shovel的宾语amongmultibillion-poundinfrastructureproject状语，主句2soit形式主语isinevitable谓语主语从句thattheattention主语isfocusedelsewhere系表结构作谓语.且这个主语从句作主句2真正的主语Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthan.必背生词：blunder：astupidorcarelessmistake.n.愚蠢/v.犯愚蠢的错误Acclimation:theprocessorresultofbecomingaccustomedtoanewclimateortonewconditions,n.适应整句翻译：间隔经历可以减轻由此带来的打击，使他们更易集中精力于学业和各类活动而不是去解决这些适应难题。分析Gapyearexperiencescanlessentheblowwhenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesratherthanacclimationblunders.整句结构:复合句主句：Gapyearexperiences主语canlessen谓语theblow宾语时间状语从句whenitcomestoadjustingtocollegeandbeingthrownintoabrandnewenvironment为时间状语从句主干部分,makingiteasiertofocusonacademicsandactivitiesralherthanacclimalionblunders结果状语.Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthorsto“lessconfineddecisionmakingprocess''andthepossiblepresenceof“youngerandlessexperiencedmanagerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedby・”必背生词：sentiment:['sen（t）omont]aviewoforattitudetowardasituationorevent;anopinion.情绪n.thepresenceof存在attribute:[s'tribju：t,'aetrlbju：t]regardsomethingasbeingcausedby（someoneorsomething）.归因于v.aqualityorfeatureregardedasacharacteristicofsomeoneorsomething.属性n.整句翻译：幸福感与投资之间的联系在相对年轻的公司里表现尤为明显。作者们把这一点归因于“决策过程程式化不高”以及“较年轻而缺乏经验的经理们更有可能受到情绪的影响”。分析：Thecorrelationbetweenhappinessandinvestmentwasparticularlystrongforyoungerfirms,whichtheauthorsattributeto“lessconfineddecisionmakingprocess^^andthepossiblepresenceof"youngerandlessexperiencedmanagerswhoaremorelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.”主句：Thecorrelation主语betweenhappinessandinvestment定语，修饰correlation/was系动词Darticularlystrongforyoungerfirms表语,（系表结构作主句谓语部分）非限制性定从whichtheauthors主语attributeto谓语“lessconfineddecisionmakingprocess”宾语1（原因1）andthepossiblepresenceofuyoungerandlessexperiencedmanagers宾语2（原因2）定从修饰managers,从句中who主语are系动词morelikelytobeinfluencedbysentiment.^表语（系表结构作从句谓语部分）整句翻译：幸福感与投资之间的联系在相对年轻的公司里表现尤为明显。作者们把这一点归因于“决策过程程式化不高”以及“较年轻而缺乏经验的经理们更有可能受到情绪的影响”。Thefindingsofaresearchhaveshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,higherstandardsofliving.必背生词（填词注意，形容词需要改为副词）institution[,insti*tju:Jon]n.社会公共机构;制度，惯例,习俗radical[,raedikol]a.根本的，基本的;激进的consistent[kon'si 始终如一的a.参考翻译一个研究机构的研究成果同样表明所有国家的工人都可以通过在岗培训的方式实现相当高的生产率，因此，也就获得了生活水平的根本改善。解析Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.主句Thefindings主语ofaresearchinstitution定语haveconsistentlyshown谓语宾从thatworkers主语inallcountries定语canbetrained谓语onthejob说明是哪方面的训练toachieveradicallyhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.状语TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwiththePuritans'innovationsandtheirideasaboutthechurch—importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.必背生词theological[.GioladjIk(a)l]神学的n.puritanfpjurit(s)n]清教徒的a.；苦行者n.distinctive[di'stlrjktlv]独特的a.参考翻译从这种视角来研究新英格兰人通常意味着要从清教徒的神学变革和他们对我们不能忽视的教会重要课题的独特见解开始。解析：TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormallymeanstostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideasaboutthechurch-importantsubjectsthatwemaynotneglect.主句TotakethisapproachtotheNewEnglandersnormally主语部分means谓语tostartwiththePuritans'theologicalinnovationsandtheirdistinctiveideas宾语aboutthechurch定语—importantsubjects补充说明定从thatwe主语maynotneglect谓语Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernlife,wemayconsiderthePuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,NewWorldcircumstances.必背生词intellectual[.Int(d)l'ektfudl]知识分子n.;智力的a.original[a'nd3an(a)l]原稿n.原创的a.adjustto适应参考翻译但是正好符合我们对南部智力生活的研究，我们可以把原始的清教徒看作是欧洲文化适应新世界环境的载体。分析Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife,wemayconsidertheoriginalPuritansascarriersofEuropeanculture,adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances.Butinkeepingwithourexaminationofsouthernintellectuallife状语部分，We主语mayconsider谓语theoriginalPuritans宾语ascarriersofEuropeanculture宾补，adjustingtoNewWorldcircumstances说明宾语的状态.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedanpolicywhich thatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolonger morethan10%ofastudent飞.必背生词countfor占比academicgrade分数inflexible[InYleksob(n)l]adj.缺乏弹性的；僵化的；固守己见的；死板的mandate['maen.deit]v.授权;强制执行n.授权参考翻译：不幸的是，洛杉矶联合学区制定了一项死板的政策：除了一些高等课程，家庭作业在学分中所占比例不能超过10%o解析：Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblepolicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudent'sacademicgrade.主句Unfortunately,L.A.Unified主语hasproduced谓语aninflexiblepolicy宾语定从which主语mandates谓语宾从thatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses状语，homework主语maynolongercountfor谓语morethan10%ofastudent'sacademicgrade宾语.Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbethatsludcnlscannol onihoirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.必背生词assign[o'sain]v.指定；指派complete[knrrfplit]v.完成a.完全的；完整的ontheirown靠他们自己参考翻译诚然，老师不应该布置一些学生不能独立完成或需要学生借助昂贵设备才能完成的作业。解析Certainly,nohomeworkshouldbeassignedthatstudentscannotcompleteoniheirownorthattheycannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.主句Certainly,nohomework主语shouldbeassigned谓语定语从句，修饰homework,不是宾从哦thatstudents主语cannotcomDlete谓语ontheirown方式状语orthat定从2they主语cannotdo谓语withoutexpensiveequipment状语.TheyhavebeeninpartbyDNAevidencemadein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechild//withhisSallyHemings必背生词slave[sleiv]n.奴隶；v.苦干spur[sp3r]v喇激；激励available[a'veilob(o)l]a.可获得的参考翻译促使他们这样做的动力部分来自于1998年获得的DNA证据，他几乎可以肯定地证明。托马斯•杰斐逊与他的奴隶萨利・郝敏思至少生了一个孩子。分析TheyhavebeenspurredinpartbyDNAevidencemadeavailablein1998,whichalmostcertainlyprovedThomasJeffersonhadfatheredatleastonechild//withhisslaveSallyHemings主句They主语havebeenspurred谓语inpartbyDNAevidence宾语made后置定语availablein1998状语,非限制性定从which主语almostcertainlyproved谓语省略了that的宾从ThomasJefferson主语hadfathered谓语atleastonechild宾语withhisslaveSallyFlemings说明和谁有了孩子Worksofseveralhistoriansthemoralmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthenatureofthecountry's.必背生词reveal:[ri,vil]v.透露；n.启示compromise['kampro.maiz]n.妥协；v.妥协fragile[,fraed3al]a.易碎的infancy[*lnfdnsi]n.婴儿期参考翻译几位历史学家的著作揭示了美国的开国元勋们在做♦的笈喝，以及国家成立之初的脆弱本质。分析Worksofseveralhistoriansrevealthemoralcompromisesmadebythenation'searlyleadersandthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancy.Worksofseveralhistorians主语reveal谓语themoralcompromises宾语1madebythenation'searlyleaders后置定语andthefragilenatureofthecountry'sinfancy宾语2.Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecameavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyear,accordingtoDougFogg,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.必背生词prescription[pn'skripf(o)njn.处方over-the-counter非处方药kit[kit]成套设备；套装参考翻译DougFogg透露，自从去年这种PTK鉴定套装不再需要处方了之后，已经有超过6万人购买。DougFogg是生产这种PTK套装的基因识别公司的首席运营官。分析Morethan60,000peoplehavepurchasedthePTKssincetheyfirstbecameavailablewithoutprescriptionslastyear,accordingtoDougFogg,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene,whichmakestheover-the-counterkits.Morethan60,000peopleiinhavepurchasedinipthePTKs宾语时间状从sincethey主语firstbecameavailable谓语withoutprescriptionslastyear状语，accordingtoDougFogg,chiefoperatingofficerofIdentigene对前者身份的介绍非限定从which主语makes谓语iheover-the-counlerkils宾语.Peopleareabsorbedinto"acultureof"bythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered"goodsinanatmosphere”.必背生词consumption[kan^Ampf(o)n]n.消费；消耗量launch[10ntf]v.发射vastarraysof琳琅满目的；各种各样的element['ellmantjn.要素；原理参考翻译：人们沉迷于19世纪由百货商店所倡导的“消费文化”之中，这些百货商店在“舒适的氛围中提供琳琅满目的商品”。解析Peopleareabsorbedinto“acultureofconsumption^^launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstoresthatoffered“vastarraysofgoodsinanelegant