【2022】沪教牛津版初二上册英语知识点总结全册含习题和答案

PAGEPAGE3沪教牛津版八年级上册英语知识点总结全册（广州地区）Unit1Encyclopedias 4单词 4短语 5重点句型 5课文翻译 5知识点解析 7习题 12Unit2Numbers 16单词 16短语 16重点句型 17课文翻译 17知识点解析 18习题 35Unit3Computers 37单词 37短语 37重点句型 38课文翻译 38知识点解析 39习题 46Unit4Inventions. 50单词 50短语 51重点句型 51课文翻译 52知识点解析 53习题 56Unit5Educationalexchange 59单词 59短语 59重点句型 60课文翻译 61知识点解析 62习题 70Unit6Ancientstories. 73单词 73短语 74重点句型 74课文翻译 75知识点解析 76习题 81Unit7Memory 86单词 86短语 87重点句型 88课文翻译 88知识点解析 89习题 96Unit8EnglishWeek 100单词 100短语 101重点句型 101课文翻译 101知识点解析 103习题 107每单元必考语法点预览UnitUnit1someany&somebody,anybody,nobodynobody等的用法Unit2Unit2基数词及数字的表达&序数词UnitUnit3形容词的比较级与最高级UnitUnit4good,bad,far&(not)UnitUnit5&already,yet,ever,Unit6Unit6since,for&现在完成时与一般过去时的区别Unit7Unit7（真实性）&if…notunlessUnitUnit8should,hadbetterUnit1Encyclopedias单词4PAGEPAGE10短语inthecountryside 在乡村，在农村11.forexample例如humanbeing 人3.dieout 灭绝，消失4.findout 了解，弄清5.goforawalk 去散6.beborn出生7.morethan8.justlike正如，正像9.howlong多久10.wouldlike想要

nextto紧挨着lookup查阅liveonEarth生活在地球上15.anItalianpainter16.usedtodosth过去常常做某事17.attheendof在…末尾18.inthecentre在中心19.comeoutof…从…出来20.befamousfor重点句型1.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.1.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.有的恐龙和鸡一样小。2.DinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.恐龙早于人类生活在地球上六千多万年。3.Suddenlydinosaursalldiedout.突然恐龙都灭绝了。However,wecanlearnaboutdinosaursfromtheirfossils.然而，我们可以从恐龙的化石了解它们。Nobodyknowswhy. 没有人知道其中的原因。Wouldyoulikesometea? 你想要一些茶吗？课文翻译Lookitup!查一查Herearetwoarticlesfromanencyclopedia.这是一本百科全书中的两篇文章。DaVinci,Leonardo达芬奇，列奥纳多LeonardodaVinci(1452-1519)wasanItalianpainter,inventor,musician,engineerandscientist.DaVinciwasborninthecountryside.Fromanearlyage,heshowedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.Ashegrewolder,helearnttodomanydifferentthings.Hispaintingsareveryfamous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsthemostfamouspaintingintheworld.Healsohadmanyinventions.Forexample,hisnotebooksincludesomeinterestingdrawingsofflyingmachines.(SeeArt)达芬奇（1452-1519）是意大利画家、发明家、音乐家、工程师和科学家。有趣的飞行机器图纸。（见艺术）Dinosaurs恐龙DinosaurslivedonEarthmorethan60millionyearsbeforehumanbeings.TheylivedeverywhereonEarth.Somedinosaurswereassmallaschickens.Otherswereasbigastenelephants.Somecouldevenfly.Manydinosaursateplants.However,somedinosaurslikedtoeatmeat.DinosaurslivedonEarthformorethan150millionyears.Then,suddenly,theyalldiedout.Nobodyknowswhy.However,wecanlearnaboutthemfromtheirfossils.(SeeEarthhistory)恐龙在人类之前生活在地球上超过6000万年。他们住在地球上的任何地方。15000万多年。突然，（见地球历史）MorepracticeAustralia'sbigattractions澳大利亚的大景点Australiaisaverybigcountry.Italsohasmanybigattractions.澳大利亚是一个很大的国家。它也有很多吸引人的地方。TheBigBanana大香蕉TheBigBananaisinCoffsHarbour.Itwasmadein1964byJohnLandy.Landywantedsomethingtomakepeoplecometohisfruitshop,sohebuilttheBigBanana.Theideaworked.ManypeoplevisitedhisfruitshopandtookpicturesoftheBigBanana.SoonpeoplealloverAustraliabeganmakingbigthings.大香蕉在科夫斯港。它是由JohnLandy1964建立的。兰迪想让人们到他拍了一张大香蕉的照片。很快，澳大利亚各地的人们开始制造大的东西。TheBigMerino大美利奴羊TheBigMerinoisinthecityofGoulburn.Merinosareatypeofsheep.Theycanliveindryweather.SomeplacesinAustraliaareverydry,sothesesheepareveryimportanttothefarmersthere.InsidetheBigMerino,thereisasmallmuseumaboutthehistoryofwoolinAustralia.VisitorscanalsoclimbuptotheBigMerino'sheadandlookattheviewthroughitseyes.大美利奴人在Goulburn市。美利奴羊是一种绵羊。他们可以在干燥的天气的头上，透过它的眼睛看风景。知识点解析1.1.Ismyencyclopedia useful?1)useful:有用的，有益的，有帮助的ausefulbook2)use+ful=useful名词+ful=形容词3)以-ful结尾的形容词的反义词多是相应的以-less结尾的形容词。eg:useful--uselesscareful--careless helpful--helpless2.LeonardodaVinciwasanItalianpainter,inventor,musician,engineerandscientist.动词后加后缀-er/-or构成一种职业。eg:teach教--teacher教师visit参观--visitor参观者3.cooksing 唱--singer歌唱家invent发明--inventor发明家v.烹饪Mymothercookedadeliciousmealforus.n.厨师Myfatherisafamouscook.cookern.厨具Doyouthinkricecookerisausefulcooker?Lookitup!查阅；查询，强调在词典、参考书等工具书里查阅。Wecanlookupnewwordsinadictionary.lookup仰视；向上看HelookedupfromhisbookasIcameintotheroom.DaVinci wasborninthecountryside.beborn出生一般用于过去式wasborn/wereborn--bebornin+ 地点 IwasborninGuangzhou.--bebornin+ 某年/某月JimwasborninJuly.--bebornon+ 具体到某一天Thetwinswerebornon1 stJanuary.Fromanearlyage,he showedgreatintelligenceandartisticability.show1)出示，展示，显露，露出Heshowedhisphototome=Heshowedmehisphoto.2)流露，表示，表现Heshowedgreatinterestinsciencewhenhewasyoung.3)教，告诉，说明，指点Heshowedmethewayonthemap.Hispaintingarevery famous,andone,theMonaLisa,isperhapsmostfamouspaintingintheworld.famous=well-knownbefamousfor 由于...(事物)而出名 befamousas作为...(事物)而出名DinosaurslivedontheEarth morethan60millionyearsbeforebeings.morethan超过；多于，相当于overlessthan少于Theyhavemorethanalion百万与具体的数字连用时，不加s，后面直接接复数名词。Thereareabouttwothousandstudentsinthisschool.固定短语：millionsof（hundred,thousand,billion 和million的用法相同）Millionsofpeoplehelpthemindifferentways.Somedinosaurswere assmallas chickens.Asas 与一样当两个比较对象在某方面相同时，用“ as+形容词/副词原级+as”结构表示“（A和B）一样”Thistreeisastallasthatone.比较两个对象时，若一方不及另一方，则用“notas/so+形容词/副词原级+as”结构，表示“A不如B. ”Ourschoolisnotasbigasyours.as+adj(原级)+asnotas+adj(原级)+as

和...一样不如...

Iamastallasyou.我和你一样高。Heisnotasstrongasyou.他不如你强壮asmany+可数名词+as 和...一样多 Ihaveasmanybooksasyou(do)我的书和你的一样多asmuch+不可数名词+as 和...一样多 Drinkasmuchjuiceasyouwant.你想喝多少果汁就喝多少。However,somedinosaurslikedtoeathowever “然而，但是”例：However,thisdoesnotalwayshappen.however 然而一般位于句首，能单独使用but 但是位于分句的句首，不能单独使用

Helikes music. However, his wife doesn’t.Helikes music, but his wife doesn’t.a/thenumberof用法anumberofthenumber词作主语时，谓语的数是不一样的。anumberofsome)(large/smallnumberof…许多/少数……)。Anumberofstudentshavereadthatmagazine.有很多学生都看过那本杂志。thenumberof…意思是“……的数字/ofthe当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：Thenumberofwildanimalshasbecomelessandless.野生动物的数量逐渐减少。attheendof在的末尾；在的尽头+时间/地点Thereisaparkattheendoftheroad.Wewillhaveanexamattheendofthemonth.usedtodo 过去常常做某事，并且含有现在已不做之意。Iusedtogotothatprimaryschool.拓展：beusedtodoingsth 现已习惯做某beusedtodosth 被用来做某事14.helpsbdosth =helpsbwithsth帮助某人做某事HeoftenhelpsmestudyEnglish.=HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.【拓展】helponeselfto...随便吃些Helpyourselvestosomefish,children.Can’thelpdoing禁不住做 Shecan’thelplaughing.15.Justremembertothinkandtodream.remember及物动词Pleaserememberthestory.11辨析：remembertodosth 与rememberdoingsthremember todosth 记得去做某事（此事还未做）remember doing sth 记得已做过某事（此事已做完）

Remember topost his letter记得要为他寄信Iremember posting his letter我记得已帮他寄过信。16.Somewheresmall;otherswerehuge.16.Somewheresmall;otherswerehuge.some...others... 一些另一些others指除去一部分之后的另一些，但不是剩余的全部。Therearelotsofpeopleinthepark.Somearewalkingandothersareclimbingthehill.some...theothers 一些其余的theothers指剩下的全部包含在内的“其余的人或事物”Therearemanychildrenonthebeach.Somecanswimbuttheotherscan ’t.some/any复合不定代词教材典句.3.4.Ihavesomequestionsaboutdinosaurs.Dotheyhaveanyquestionsaboutdinosaurs?Wouldyoulikesometea?Wedon’thaveanybread.重点语法全解：（一）Someany.”但二者在用法上还是有区别的。some一般用于肯定句any一般用于否定句和疑问句中。（二）someany的特殊用法：①some用在疑问句中，表示请求，建议或希望得到肯定回答。②any可用于肯定句，表示“任何的，任一的”，后常接可数名词单数（any+单数名词）。PAGEPAGE15③③some+单数名词,表示某一thingbodythingbodyonesomesomethingsomebodysomeoneanyanythinganybodyanyoneeveryeverythingeverybodyeveryonenonothingnobodynoone注意：不定代词+形容词，形容词后置somethingimportant anythingpossible nothingwrong例句：Isthereanythingimportantthismonth?这个月有没有什么重要的事情？There’s nothing wrong with the machine. 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。例句：Someonewantstoseeyououtside. 外面有人想见你。Nothingisimpossible.没有什么是不可能的。/一切皆有可能。D.wrongnothing习题练一练：一、根据中文提示填空。(1)Iheard strangejustnow. 我刚刚听见一些奇怪的声音(2)Theres leftinthefridge. 冰箱里什么都没有剩下。(3)Wouldyoulike toeat? 你想要吃点什么吗？(5)Canyoulendme money?你能借我一些钱么二、选择题( )(1).Not inourclasslikesplayingfootball.Someofthemplayingbasketball.A.anyone B.everyone C.nobody D.someone( )(2)——dlikesometea.——Sorry,wedon’thave.Wouldyoulikemilk?A.some,some B.any,anyC.some,anyD.any,some( )(3).I’mhungry.Iwant toeat.A.anything B.something C.everything D.( )(4).Whynotask tohelpyou?A.everyone B.someone C.anyone D.( )(5).Everything ready.Wecanstartnow.A.are B.is C.be( )(6).There’s withhiseyes.He’sOK.

D.wereA.anythingwrong B.wrongsomething C.nothingwrong三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。Itisuseful (learn)aforeignlanguage.Canyouhelpme (carry)thebox,Lily?Remember (write)tomewhenyougettoBeijing.Ineedsome (potato).Doyouhaveany?Abouttwo (million)peoplelistenedtotheprogramme.Ithinktelephoneisoneofthemostimportant (invent)intheworld.Tomwantstobea (cook)inthefuture.四、单选题。ThismorningI somenewrestaurantontheInternetforIwantedtoMiatoanicerestaurantforherbirthday.pickedup B.lookedup C.cleanedup D.gaveupMymotherwasborn acoldmorning.on B.at C.inD.duringZhouJielunisfamous asinger.as B.for C.inD.atHewrote songs.hundred B.onehundred C.hundredof D.onehundredofHeoftenhelpsme myMaths.to B.with C.on D.inMyhostfamilytriedtocook formewhenIstudiedinLondon.A.differentsomething B.differentanythingC.somethingdifferent D.anythingdifferent-- doyouwatchTVeveryweek?--Lessthantwohours.IoftenhavemuchhomeworktoA.Howmany B.HowmuchC.Howlong D.HowoftenOurteam thematch.Wehavegotthefirstplace.A.hitB.beat C.won D.watched--Steven,couldyouhelp whenheplanewilltakeoffonInternet?--Sorry,mycomputerdoesn ’twork.getonB.findout C.lookfor D.lookafter--Ioftenhavehamburgersforlunch.--You’dbetternot.It’sbadforyou toomuchjunkfood.A.eat B.toeatC.eating D.ateHelosthiskey.Itmadehim inthecoldtowaitforhiswife ’sA.tostayB.stayed C.stays D.stayInourschoollibrarythere anumberofthebooksonscience,andinyearthenumberofthem growinglargerandlarger.A.are;isB.is;are C.have;are D.has;isYoucangetmuch abouttheWorldExpoontheInternet.A.map B.picture C.ticket D.informationbirdsdiedbecauseofpollution.A.Twomillions B.Millionsof C.Millionof D.TwomillionsofWhatafindday!Let ’sgo awalk.A.forB.at C.out D.in五、完形填空Dickens,oneofthegreatestEnglishwriters,wasbornin1 ofthetownsinEngland.WhenDickenswasnineyearsold,thefamilymovedtoLondon,the2 England.Therewereseveralyoungerchildreninthe3. .Theirlifewas4. .SoDickenscouldnotgotoschool.Hedidn’tgoto5. untilhisfathercameoutofprison( 监狱).Attimehewasalreadytwelveyearsold.Buthedidnotfinishschool.Twoyears6 ,hebegantowork.Heoftenwenttothelibraryto7 Hereadalot.ThenDickenswrotelotsofnovelsandstoriesallhis8 .Dickens9 overahundredyearsago.10. peoplearestillhisbookswithgreatinterest.( )1.A.any B.one C.some D.a( )2.A.city B.town C.capital D.( )3.A.school B.class C.city D.family( )4.A.good B.hard C.easy D.wonderful( )5.A.school B.aschool C.theschool D.schools( )6.A.ago B.before C.later D.( )7.A.see B.buy C.sell D.read( )8.A.money B.home C.class D.life( )9.A.won B.drew C.read D.died( )10.A.But B.So C.Why D.While习题参考答案一、1.something 2.nothing 3.anything 4.some二、二、1-6BDBBBC三、1.tolearn2.carry3.towrite7.cook6-10CDCBB6-10CDDDA4.lion6.invention四、1-5BAABB五、1-5BCDBA11-15DADBAUnit2Numbers单词短语indailylife在某人的日常生活7.givesbgoodadvice给某人好的建议16challenge…to…向（某人）挑战copydown4..sothat为的是，以便ordersbtodosthasksbforhelp向某人求救

followone’sadvice接受某人建议notanymore不再takeplace发生promisetodosth承诺做某事inthisway用这种方法bemadefrom由…制成(看不出原材料) bemadeof由…制（看得出原材料）14.enough+名词+todosth /形容词+enough+todosth足够…干某事重点句型What’s6minus6?六减六等于多少呢？Fromthenonhewasnotlazyanymore.从那以后，他不再懒惰。Hello,thisisJoycespeaking.你好，我是乔伊斯。Wouldn’tyoulikegoldorsilver instead?难道你不想要金子或银子代替吗？ 扫一扫，听课文课文翻译ThekingandthericeAlongtimeago,therewasakinginIndia.Theking’sfavouritegamewaschess.Oneday,awiseoldmancametothepalaceandthekingchallengedhimtoagame.Thekingpromisedtheoldman,“Youcanhaveanyprizeifyouwinthegame.”Theoldmansaid,“IfIwinthegame,I’dlikeonegrainofriceforthefirstsquareofthechessboard,twoforthesecond,fourforthethird,andthendoubletheamountforeachoftherestofthesquares.”“Isthatall?”askedtheking.“Wouldn’tyoulikegoldorsilverinstead?”17PAGEPAGE21“No,justrice,”repliedtheoldman.Thekingandtheoldmanplayedthegameforalongtime.Finally,theoldmanwon.Sothekingorderedhismentocollectabagofrice.Heputonegrainonthefirstsquare,twoonthesecond,andsoon.Thekingquicklyrealizedtheproblemevenwithallthericeinthecountry,hewouldstillnothaveenoughricetoputonallthesquares!国王与大米很久以前，印度有一位国王。国王最喜欢的比赛是下棋。赢了比赛，你可以得到任何奖赏。”老人说：“如果我赢了这场比赛，我想要一粒米做棋盘第一格，两粒米做第二格，四粒米做第三格，然后把其余各格的米加倍。”“就这些吗？国王问道。“难道你不喜欢金子还是银子？”““不，只是米饭，”老人答道。知识点解析1.read1.readastoryaboutnumbers.(P17)Number 此处用作可数名词，意为数字，number 还可以表示“号码”Eg:WeoftenuseArabicnumbersinourdailylife.在我们的日常生活中我们经常使用阿拉伯数字。What’syourtelephonenumber?你的电话号码是多少？【拓展】number，”Pleasenumberthepictures.请给这些图片编上序号。2．ChecksomeMathsproblems.检查一些数学题。(1)check (1)check 及物动词，意为“检查，核实”。Ourteacherscheckourhomeworkeveryday. Pleasechecktheanswers.请核对答案。【拓展】check 的相关短语check in登记，检票 check out办清手续后离开 check up检验problem 可数名词，意为：问题，难题。HeworkedouttheMathsproblem. 他算出了那道数学难题。Thesearetheproblemsofyouth. 这些是青少年的问题辨析：problem 与questionproblem 问题或令人疑惑的事，人，情况question 意思广泛，指需要解决或解答的问题

Solve the problem 解决问题Deal with the problem 处理问Ask questions 问问题Answer the question 回答这问题【拓展【拓展】(1)haveproblem(in)doingsth .做某事有困难。Theyhavesomeproblems(in)gettingthereontime.困难。他们准时到达那儿有些(2)Noproblem.没问题Canyouhelpme?你能帮助我吗？Noproblem. 没问题。【Reading】1.Itis17.8centimetreslong. 它有17.8 厘米长。（p18）17.8centimetreslong意为17.8 厘米长。在英语中，表示长宽高面积等通常用基数词+单位名词[metre(s),foot/feet,centimeter(s) 等]+形容词(long,wide,high,Thebridgeisabout50metreslong.Theyareonly15centimetreswide.这座桥约50米长。它们只有15厘米宽。2.Playingchess. 下国际象棋（P18）Playchess 是固定短语，意为下国际象棋，chess 前不加任何冠词。Thechildrenarelearningtoplaychess.Thechildrenarelearningtoplaychess.孩子们正在学习下国际象棋。【拓展】play 用作动词时，有以下几种常见用法：（1）玩耍；此时play 为不及物动词，后面不能直接接宾语Theboyoftenplaysinthestreet.这个男孩经常在街上玩耍。（2）打，踢球，后面直接接表示球类的名词。play basketball打篮球 play volleyball 打排球 play football踢足球(3) (3) 演奏乐器。表示西洋乐器的名词前加定冠词the.play the piano 弹钢琴 play the violin 拉小提琴（（4）玩弄，与…玩耍。后接介词withHeoftenplayswithhislittlesister.他经常和他的小妹妹玩。Don’tplaywithfire.【中考.链接】别玩火。（ft东德州中考）（ft东德州中考）Whatdoyouliketodoafterschool?Ilikeplaying chesswithmyfather.A.aB.anC.theD./3.3.Theking’sfavouritegamewaschess.国王最喜欢的游戏是国际象棋。（（p19）favourite语。favouritr通常谓语名词前作定Whatisyourfavouritemoviestar?你最喜欢的电影明星是谁？Whiteismyfavouritecolour.白色是我最喜欢的颜色。【拓展】favourite 也可以用作名词，意为最喜欢的人或物例如：Thisbookismyfavourite.4.Oneday,awiseoldmancametothepalaceandthekingchallengedhimtoagame.（p19）（1）challenge 及物动词，意为向某人挑战，challenge挑战有一天，以为充满智慧的老者来到宫殿，国王向他挑战一次比赛…to…表示向某人Doyouwanttochallengehim?你想向他挑战吗？Myfatherchallengesmetoatabletennisgame.Myfatherchallengesmetoatabletennisgame.赛。父亲向我挑战一场乒乓球比5.Thekingpromisedtheoldman,“Youcanhaceanyprizeifyouwinthegame.p19）(1)promise 此处用作及物动词，表示Shepromisedmethebook.她许诺给我这本书。Theypromisedtocometothepartyontime.他们答应准时来参加聚会。【拓展】promise 也可用做名词apromise 意为许下诺言，答应，保证。常构成以下固定搭配：make apromise 许下诺言keep the promise 保守诺言breakthepromise breakthepromise 不守信用Mymothermadeapromisetobuyanewbikeforme.行车母亲答应给我买一辆新自（2）if连词，意为如果，引导条件状语从句。If引导的条件状语从句可以放在主句之后，也可以放在主句之前，当条件状语从句位于主句之前时，后面要用逗号与主句隔开。例如：We’llgotovisittheGreatWallifitisfinetomorrow.如果明天天气好，我们将去游览长城。Ifitrains,Iwon’tgoswimming. 如果下雨，我不会去游泳。【拓展】if引导的条件状语从句的主从复合句，要遵循“主将从现”的原则，即若主句用一般将来时（或含有情态动词，为祈使句），if条件状语从句用一般现在时。【中考链接】（（2013.甘肃白银）ifourgovernment payattentiontothesafety,ourhealth indanger.A.isn’t;isB.doesn’t;willbeC.won’t;isD,isn’t;willbe226.6.…I’dlikeonegrainofriceforthefirstsquareofthechessboard……（P19）我想在棋盘的第一个方格要一粒谷粒。Wouldlike 意为想要，在意思上相当于want，但在语气上比want 委婉常用于口语Would 是情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，wouldlike 后接名词，代词，动词不定式，但不可接动名词。Iwouldlikesomeapples. 我想要些苹果。Hewouldlike toeatsomebananas.他想吃香蕉。【拓展】当我们询问或回答某人需要。。。时，可以在 wouldlike 后面直接名词作宾语。对于wouldlike提出的建议或要求，肯定回答yes,please,否定:no,thanks例如：whatwouldhelike? 他想要什么？He’dlikesomefood. 他想要些食品。Wouldyoulikesomeicedtea? 你想要喝冰茶吗？Yes,please./No,thanks. 好的，请来一点儿。/不，谢谢。回答wouldyouliketodosth? 句型时肯定回答常用yes,Ilove/to.”I’dloveto,but…”Wouldyouliketostayherewithme? 你愿意和我一起待在这儿吗？Yes,I’dloveto. 是的，我愿意。wouldlikesbtodosth 意为想要某人做某事“I’dlikeyoutogowithme. 我想让你和我一起去。((北京朝阳中考)完成句子你想来点面包吗？Wouldyou some ?PAGEPAGE327. 7. …andthendoubletheamountforeachoftherestofthesquares.其余的方格每一格都是（前一方格）两倍的数量。 （p19）rest 此处用作名词，意为剩余部分。Therestof 意为…的剩余部分。They’lleatsomeofthebreadandkeeptherestforbreakfast.他们会吃一些面包，剩下的留作早点。Butwhatabouttherestofthem ？但是他们其余的人怎么办呢？【拓展】(1)rest 做名词，意为休息。Westoppedtohavearest. 我们停下来休息了一下。（2）rest 做动词，意为休息，使休息。Theyrestforhalfanhour. 他们休息了半个小时。8.Wouldn’tyoulikegoldorsilverinstead? 替？instead 副词，意为代替，顶替Sheisverybusy.Let’sgoinstead. 她太忙了，还是让我们去吧辨析：instead 与insteadofinsteadinstead

代替，顶替代替，而不是

位于句首或句末后接名词，代词或动名词例如：例如：InsteadI’llstayathomeanddomyhomework.I’llreadnewspapersinsteadofseeingafilm.相反，我会待在家里做作业。我将看报纸而不是看电影。9.Thekingquicklyrealizedtheproblem.国王很快意识到了问题。（p19）Realized 是动词realise 的过去式，realize及物动词，意为认识到，意识到，常见用法有：（1）realize+n.Atlastsherealizedhermistakes.最后她意识到了她的错误。（2）realize+that 从句Irealizedthatiswastimetogotoschool.我意识到该上学了。(3)realize+ 疑问词+其他（2013. （2013. 广东梅州）Thedininghallis tohold300people.A.enoughbigB.enoughsmallC.smallenoughD.bigenoughIdon’tthinkyourealizehowimportantthisistoher.我认为你没有意识到这对她多重要。10.…hewouldstillnothaveenoughricetoputonallthesquares!然没有足够的大米放在所有的方格上！（P19）…他仍Enough 此处用作形容词，意为。可接可数名词复数或不可数名词。他放在名词的前面或后面都可以。Hedoesn’thaveenoughtime/timeenoughtofinishthework.他没有足够的时间去完成这项工作。【拓展】enough 作副词时，意为足够地，十分，通常用于所修饰的形容或副词之后。Theboyisstrongenoughtoliftthebox.【中考链接】这个男孩很强壮，能举起这个箱子。11.11.Ayoungmanoncetalkedtoawiseoldman.一位年轻人有一次与一位充满智慧的老人交谈。（p20）talkto 意为：与。。。交谈例如：Iwanttotalktomymotheraboutthebike.我想和我母亲谈谈有关自行车的事情。Myteacheroftentalkstomeandhelpsme.我的老师常常和我谈话并且帮助我。【拓展】（1）talkwith 无主次之分，互相交流Sheistalkingwithafriend.她正在和一个朋友交谈。（2）talkabout表示谈论（某人，某事等）Pleasetalkaboutthepicture.请谈论一下这幅图画。1212．“Icanteachyouhowtomakemoremoneyifyoupromisetofollowmyadvice,”如果你承诺采纳我的建议，我可以教你如何去赚更多的钱。（1）howtomakemoremoney疑问词+结构，意为如何去赚更多的钱，在句中作teach 的宾语。疑问代词或副词what/who/whom/which/where/when/how后跟动词不定式，常用作动词know/tell/ask/teachHeaskedmewheretoparkhiscar.等的宾语。他问我该把他的车停在哪里。Couldyoupleaseteachmehowtomakeahomepage?你能教我如何制作主页吗？（2）advicea/onepieceofadvice,表示一些建议，用someadvice.Iwillgiveyousomeadviceonhowtolookafteryourpetdog.我将给你一些怎样照顾你的宠物狗的建议。【拓展】（1）advice的常用搭配give sbsome advice=give some advice tosb. 给某人提一些建议ask for advice 征求意见 follow/ take sb’sadvice 接受某人的建议（（2）advise 动词，意为建议，后接名词，代词或v.-ing形式做宾语，也advisesb(not)todosth.结构，意为建议某人（不要做）某事Sheadvisedustowait(for)onemoreday.【中考链接】她建议我们再等一天。（新疆中考）（新疆中考）Idonknowhowtokeephealthy,canyougiveme ?A.anadviceB.lotsofadvicesC.afewadvicesD.someadvices13.Theyoungman13.Theyoungmanagreed.年轻人同意了（p20）agree此处用作不及物动词，意为同意，表示同意某人，用Didtheyagree”?他们同意吗？agreewithsb.WeallagreedwithMissGao.我们都同意高老师的看法。【拓展】agree 也可用作及物动词，意为同意，agreetodosth.意为同意做某事。Myparentsagreedtotakemetothezoo.我父母同意带我去动物园。Fromthenonhewasnotlazyanymore. （p20）not..anymore 相当于nomore, 意为不再，多表示数量上或程度上不再Thegirldidn’tcryanymore.=Thegirlnomorecried. 那个女孩子不再哭了。Iwon’tplaycomputergamesanymore=Iwillnomoreplaycomputergames.我不会再玩电脑游戏。【拓展】not..anylonger 相当于nolonger 意为不再，多表示在时间或离上不再。Shedoesnlivehereanylonger.=Shenolongerliveshere. 了。Wherethestorytookplace 故事发生的地点（P21）takeplace 意为发生，不用于被动语态中Thisstorytookplacelastyear. 这个故事是去年发生的辨析：takeplace 与happentake place 表示发生，举行，举办，一般指非偶然性事件的发生

When will the basketball game eplace?篮球赛何时举行？happen

做发生，碰巧解，一般用于偶 Anaccident happened inthat street.然事件 那条街上发生了一起事故。要点全解要点全解1.Somewordshavebothastrongformandaweakform.有些单词既可重读，也可弱读。（p26）Both …and 意为既…又，不但…而且…用于连接并列的句子成分。若both…and…连接主语，其谓语动词须用复数形式。Bothhisfatherandhisuncleareverytall.他的父亲和叔叔都很高。2.OurMathsteacherusesalotofgamestohelpuslearn.很多游戏来帮助我们学习。我们数学老师用Use…todosth意为用…做某事，相当于use…fordoingsth.Weuseknivestocutthing.=Weuseknivesforcuttingthings.东西。我们用小刀来割Hemakestheclassreallyinteresting. 他使课堂非常有趣。“make+宾语+形容词”表示使某人/某物…”形容词作宾语补足语。Thepresentmademycousinhappy. 那件礼物使我表妹很开心。Hersongmadeherfamousallovertheworld. 她的歌使她全世界闻名。【拓展】动词find,keep等之后也常接形容词作宾语补足语。Ifoundthedogclever. 我发现这条狗很聪明。Let’strytokeepourclassroomclean. 我们尽量保持教室清洁。Idon’tthinkIcopieddowntheMathsproblemscorrectly. （p27）为我没有正确地抄写数学题。这是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。当主句主语为第一人称，think,believe等动词后的宾语从句为否定含义的句子时，要将否定词转移到主句中，即句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式，这种语法现象就是 否定转移。翻译成汉语时，要注意将否定的意义还原到从句中去。Idon’tthinkthatJennywillcometohisparty. 聚会。Idon’tthinkheisright. 我认为他不对。【中考链接】（北京朝阳中考）完成句子我认为你的答案不对。（北京朝阳中考）完成句子我认为你的答案不对。I youranswerisright.MorepractiseMorepractise1.However,theycouldonlycountsmallnumbersinthisway.方法，他们只能数很小的数。（p29）然而，用这种辨析：inthisway,intheway,ontheway,inthisintheonthebythewaywaywayway用这种方法挡道Only inthisLook, acar与bythewayway, can wedoisinthe way.inEnglish.在路上Imet myuncle onthe way toschool.顺便说一下Bythe way, what time isit?Theyusedthemtocountthingslikethedaysofthemonth,theamountoffoodandthenumberofanimalstheyhad. 他们用这些记号来数像每月的数，食物的数量和他们拥有的动物的数量这些东西。（ p29）辨析:theamountof 与thenumberofThe amount ofThe number

…的数量，强调总量 其后多接不可数名词…的数量，强调数目 其后接可数名词复数theamountofsnow降雪量theamountofmoney钱的数量thenumberofboys男孩的数量thenumberofchairsThenpeoplebegantousetokensmadefromclayorsmallstones. 们开始使用泥土或小石头制成的标记。（p29）Made此处是动词make 的过去分词。过去分词短语madefromclayorstones 作后置定语，修饰tokens,表示用泥土或小石头制成的标记。过去分词短语作定语时位于被修饰的名词之后，表示被动IhaveawonderfulfriendnamedJack. 我有一位叫杰克的好朋友。ThephototakenbyMrWangisgreat. 王先生拍的那张照片很棒。【中考链接】（ft东潍坊中考）The new treatments helped anumber ofsoldiers.

byNorman BethuneA.invent B invents C. inventing D. invented4.Theyoftenputthetokensonpiecesofstringsothattheycouldcarry4.Theyoftenputthetokensonpiecesofstringsothattheycouldcarrythemaroundeasily.themaroundeasily.他们经常把这些标记串在细绳上，为的是他们能容易地到处携带让他们。（p29）Sothat 此处引导目的状语从句，意为：为的是，以便，从句中常有can,could,may,might,等情态动词，sothat 从句可以转换为inorderthat 从句或inordertodo 结构IworkedhardsothatIcouldfinishmyworkontime.=Iworkedhardinordertofinishmyworkontime.=Iworkedhardinordertofinishmyworkontime.【拓展】sothat 也可引导结果状语从句，意为结果，因此，该从句前常逗号与主句分开。Itrainedheavily,sothatwehadtostayathome.在家。雨下得很大，结果我不得不待【中考链接】（安徽中考）You’dbetter take the map with you youwon’tget lost.A.aslong as B. assoon asC. now thatD. sothat重点语法 基数词和序数词一、基数词基数词的读法.112:onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve2)1319:词尾加-teen:thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeennineteen20,30,40,50,60,70,80,90:逢十词尾加-ty:twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyeightyninety2199:在十位与个位之间加连字符.21twenty-one 99 ninety-nine101999先说几百,and,再加末尾两位数或个位数.101onehundredandone 238twohundredandthirty-eight1000以上的数:先将数字从右往左数,每三位数用一个逗号隔开,从右往左第thousandmillionbillion18,657,421eighteenmillion,sixhundredandfifty-seventhousand,fourhundredandtwenty-one.注意：1.表示几十几的，要在在十位与个位之间加连字符.如：45forty-five在百位数和十位个位数之间用and.如：123 onehundredandtwenty-two102 onehundredandtwo.hundredsofhundredsof成百上千的thousandsof成千上万的millionsof数百万计的；大量的注意：1.hundred/thousand/millions也不能加of2.hundred/thousand/million加了s就一定要加of练一练：threethousandsfivehundredthreethousandsfivehundredfivemillionsof()()()hundredoffourmillionsfortyfivethousand()()()二、选择题。( )1． peoplearesendingandreceivinge﹣mailsontheInternetday．A．Million B．Millions C．Million( )2.—Wherewereyouborn,Michael?

D．Millionsof—Iwasborninasmallvillagewithonlythree people.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredsof( )3. Kobe'sfanswatchedhisfinalmatchand ofthemaremen.A.Millionof;threefourths B.Threemillion;thirdfour C.Millionsof;fourths( )4. foreignersvisittheGreatWalleveryyear.A.Thousandof B.Thousand.C.Thousands D.Thousands( )5.Thereare studentsinourschool.A.four—hundredandforty—five B.fourhundredandforty—fiveC.fourhundredsandforty—five D.fourhundredandforty( )6.HowmanypeoplewillcometoBeijingnextyear?It’shandtosay. people,Ithink.A.Millionof B.Millionsof C.Millions D.million( )7.About filmswereshownduringthe5thShanghaiInternationalFestival.A.twohundredof B.twohundredsof C.twohundred D.twohundredsthreethousandsthreethousands(×)hundredoffivehundredfivemillionsof(√)(×)fourmillionsfortyfivethousand(× )( ×)(× )二、1-7 DACDBBC二、序数词序数词。表示人或事物的顺序的词.基数词变序数词口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾要加th.一二三,特殊记,(firstsecondthird)八去t,e,vef替.tytie,th莫忘记.若遇几十几,什么时候用序数词？表示楼层，如：一楼：firstfloor表示日期。如：6月1日 thefirstofJunethe,the表示特指。thefirstone第一个4.表示第几第几的时候。基数词和序数词对照表1onefirst1th2twosecond2nd3threethird3rd4fourfourth4th5fivefifth5th6sixsixth6th7sevenseventh7th8eighteighth8th9nineninth9th10tententh10th11eleveneleventh11th12twelvetwelfth12th13thirteenthirteenth13th14fourteenfourteenth14th15fifteenfifteenth15th16sixteensixteenth16th17seventeenseventeenth17th18eighteeneighteenth18th19nineteennineteenth19th20twentytwentieth20th21twenty-onetwenty-first21st22twenty-twotwenty-second22nd30thirt