2023年人教版高考英语总复习第二部分考点培优训练考点五必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters

五必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters（限时60分钟）i.阅读理解A（2022•南昌模拟）We'reallfamiliarwithmigration（迁徙）：WildebeestsdashacrossAfrica,MonarchbutterfliesflyacrosstheAmericas...butdidyouknowthatforestsmigrate,too?InhisnewbookTheJourneysofTrees,sciencewriterZachSt.Georgeexploresanextremelyslowmigration,asforestscreepinchbyinchtomorepleasantplaces.“Themigrationofaforestisjustmanytreessprouting（发芽）inthesamedirection,"St.Georgewrites."Throughthefossilsthatancientforestsleftbehind,scientistscantracktheirmovementoverthousandsofyears.Theymovebackandforthacrosscontinents,sometimesfollowingthesameroutemorethanonce,likemigratingbirdsorwhales."Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears,andclimatechangetendstobethedrivingforce.Ofcourse,today,climatechangeisspeedingup,andtreescan'tkeeppace.TakeCalifornia:it'sgettinghotteranddryerandscientistsestimatethatbeforetoolong,SequoiaNationalParkmaynotbeabletokeepgiantsequoias（巨杉）.“Thescientiststherehadneverseenanythinglikeit,"St.Georgesays."Theyworried,andIthinkatsomepointwewilllosetheseancienttreesandwewillhavetothinkaboutwhatwedowiththeplaces,anddoweplantnewgroveswheretheyareeasytogrow?”Thisisknownas"assistedmigration”-humansplantingtreesinotherplaceswherethey9remorelikelytoflourish.Butthisprocesscarriesrisks一peoplecanaccidentallyintroduceinsectsanddiseasestonewplaces,wheretheymaywipeoutentirenativepopulations.So,St.Georgewrites,there9sadebateamongconservationistsandforesterstoday:Shouldhumanshelpthetreesescape?"Theremaybecaseswherepeopleareprobablygoingtostepinandhelpspeciesmovetoplaceswherethey'llbemoresuitableinthefuture,"St.Georgesays."Sofar,therearenohugemovementsofcitizengroupsmovingtreesnorth.ButthatiskindofonevisionofthefuturethatthepeopleIinterviewhopetosee.”【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是气候的变化结果导致了森林的变迁。在某些情况下，人们可能会介入，帮助物种迁移到未来更适合它们的地方。1.Whatcanbelearnedaboutthemigrationofaforest?Itismainlytheresultofclimatechange.Itoftenfollowscertainmigratingspecies.Ittakesthousandsofyearstocomplete.Itisverydifficulttotrackthemigration.【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中“Thishashappenedoverthousandsofyears,andclimatechangetendstobethedrivingfbrce.”可知，森林的迁移主要是气候变化的结果。故选A。2.WhydoestheauthormentionSequoiaNationalPark?Tostresstheparkisfacingaseveresituation.Toshowtreesfailtoadapttotheclimatechange.Toprovetheassistedmigrationcarriesrisks.lbstatescientistsarehopefulabouttheenvironment.【解析】选Bo推理判断题。根据第四段可知，作者之所以提到红杉国家公园，是为了表明树木无法适应气候变化。故选及Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flourish"inParagraph6mean?A.Becomevaluable.B.Developrapidly.C.Growwell. D.Escapedisease.【解析】选Co词义猜测题。根据第六段可知，这就是所谓的“协助迁移”——人类在其他更容易繁衍生息的地方植树。由此可知第六段画线词的意思是“生长得更好"。故选CoWhat'sSt.George9sattitudetowardshelpingthetreesescape?A.Skeptical. B.Supportive.C.Objective. D.Disapproving.【解析】选C。推理判断题。整篇文章都在介绍森林的迁移，尤其根据最后两段可知.圣・乔治对帮助树木逃生持“客观的”态度。并没有支持，反对或者怀疑的态度。故选C。“Theremaybecaseswherepeopleareprobablygoingtostepinandhelpspeciesmovetoplaceswherethey'llbemoresuitableinthefuture,MSt.Georgesays.分析：第一个where引导定语从句修饰先行词cases,第二个where也是定语从句修饰先行词placeso翻译：“在某些情况下，人们可能会介入，帮助物种迁移到未来更适合它们的地方，“圣・乔治说。BNotreDameCathedralinPariswasbadlydamagedinthefire.Itwasheartbreakinganditsoundedthealarmfortheprotectionofculturalrelics（遗迹）atthesametime.Itwouldhavebeenbettertohavethree-dimensionalscansbefore.3Dscanningtechnologycanbeusedtoscanbothinsideandoutsideofanimportantculturalrelictogetaccurate3Ddataandthena3Dprinterisusedtocopyasmallerversion,whichwillbeveryusefulfortherepairwork.Inordertoobtainaccuratedataaboutculturalrelics,theexpertsusehigh-techthree-dimensionallaser（激光）scannerandothermeanstodescribetheshapeoftheoriginalculturalrelicsveryaccurately.Then,themodelisprintedoutbya3Dprinter.Finally,thecopiedculturalrelicsareprocessed,includingsurfacecolor,decorationprocessingandsoon.Three-dimensionalprintingtechnologyhasaveryapparentadvantage.Itcanadjustthesizeofprintsaccordingtotheneed,andcaneasilyobtainone-thirdandone-halfofthesizeoforiginalculturalrelics.Thisisdifficultorevenimpossibletodointraditionalreproduction.Atpresent,allpartsofChinaareacceleratingthedigitalprotectionofculturalrelicsandrecordingancientculturalrelicswithmodemscienceandtechnology.Forexample,theYungangGrottoes（石窟）ResearchInstitute,togetherwiththedigitalteamoftheInstituteofCulturalHeritageofZhejiangUniversity,hasrestoredthethirdgrottoofYungangGrottoesataratio（比例）of1:1fortwoyears.Throughouttheprocessofrestorationof3Dprintedculturalrelics,theprobabilityofsecondarydamagecausedbyhumantouchislow,andtheartisticvalueofculturalrelicscanberebuilttothemaximumdegree.Theworldcanappreciatethebeautyofclassicalculturalrelicsmoredeeply.【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术在文物保护中的应用与其优势。WhyisNotreDameCathedralmentionedinthefirstparagraph?Toraisepeople'sawarenessofsafety.Toremindpeopleofthefamousbuilding.Toserveasanintroductiontothetopic.lbappealforpreservationofculturalrelics.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段并结合下文介绍3D技术在文物保护方面的应用可推知，讲巴黎圣母院遭受火灾，文物受损的目的是引出3D技术在文物保护中的应用这一话题。故选CoWhatistheobviousadvantageof3Dtechnologycomparedwithtraditionalreproduction?Itcansavealotofprofessionals.Itcanhelpresizethereproductionsoftheculturalrelics.Itcanreproduceculturalrelicsaswhattheywere.Itcanchangetheshapesoftheoriginalculturalrelics.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第四段可知，与传统的复制技术相比,3D打印技术可以根据需要调整印刷品的大小。故选B。Whatcanbeknownaboutusing3Dtechnologyinreproducingculturalrelicsfromthelastparagraph?Nofurtherdamageisdonewhilerepairing.Theirartisticvalueisregainedasmuchaspossible.Thedigitalmodelswillreplacetheoriginalculturalrelics.

Handworkinreproducingculturalrelicswilldisappearsoon.【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，运用3D打印技术进行文物修复可以最大程度地恢复文物的艺术价值。故选B。Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?3DPrintinginChinaProtectionofCulturalRelicsDevelopmentsof3DTechnology3DTechnologyinCulturalRelicsRestoration【解析】选D。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了3D打印技术在文物保护中的应用与其优势。教师专用©故选Do教师专用©【词汇积累】heartbreaking 痛心的three-dimensionalscans 三维扫描culturalrelics 文化遗产accurate 精确的apparent 明显的maximum 最大的n.阅读填句（2022・长沙模拟）WithschoolsclosingandbigeventscancelledinEurope,yourchildprobablyhasquestionsandconcernsaboutCOVID-19.Thatcanbetoughtotalkabout,butkidsneedtofeelsafe._1_Here9resometipsfromafamilymedicinephysicianonhowtotalktochildrenaboutCOVID-19.Firstofall,staycalm.2Ifyou'reshowingpanicoranxiety,sowillthey.Instead,confirmtheirconcernstoshowthatyouunderstandwhytheymightbenervous——andthatalittlenervousnessisOK.It'simportantforthemtoknowthatthere'snoneedtopanic.Thentalkcalmlyaboutwhafshappening,andtellthempeopleareworkingveryhardtomakethingsbetter.3Oneofthebestwaystocalmchildrenistoletthembelievetheycanprotectnotjustthemselvesbutotherpeopleaswell.Tellthemthatwhentheyfollowtherulesforstayinghealthy,thathelpsotherpeoplestaysafesincethechildrenwon'tbespreadingthedisease.Thisistheirjob一todowhattheyalreadyknowtheyshouldbedoingtokeepthemselvesandothershealthy.Meetchildrenwheretheyare.Veryyoungchildrenmightnotbeaskinganyquestions,andinthatcasethere9snoreasontodiscussthetopic.4Behonestanddon'tscarethemorbecomealarmist.Limitingtoomuchexposuretotelevisionreportsandsocialmedia-especiallythenewsthatoverstatesthecase-canhelp,sincechildrenusuallyhaveextremelyactiveimagination.5Kidscanpickuponhowyouarefeeling.Helpthemfeelliketheyareinvolved.Encouragekidstogiveahandasvolunteers.Childrenaremorelikelytofeeltheirliveswillbeinamess.Thebiggestroleofthetrustedadultsishelpingthemtodothat.Butdon'tshyawayfromtalkingaboutwhafshappeningtothosekidswantinganswers.Theycanevenruntowardsomethingsimilartothedestructionoftheworld.【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。随着欧洲学校停课和大型活动取消，孩子可能会对COVID-19产生疑问和担忧，这说起来可能很难，但孩子们需要安全感。文章主要就如何向孩子谈论COVID-19提出了一些建议。.【解析】选民根据上文以及后文可推测本句是在说明成年人在孩子需要安全感这件事情上的作用。故E选项符合语境。.【解析】选A。根据后文可知，后文提到大人恐慌或焦虑，孩子也会有一样的情绪，说明孩子O也是可以了解大人的感受的。后文中they指代A选项中Kids。故A选项符合语境。.【解析】选B。根据后文可知，本段的中心思想是让孩招门相信他们不仅能保护自己，还能保护其他人，也就是让孩子｛门主动参与到防控疫情这件事情中来。故B选项符合语境。4•【解析】选F。根据上文可知，上文提到了孩子不问问题就不讨论这个话题的情景，可推测本句应承接上文说明应对那些想要得知答案的孩子的办法，故F选项符合语境。5.【解析】选G。根据上文可知，上文提到孩子们想象力活跃，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续说明孩不门想象力活跃的特质。故G选项符合语境。教师专用可Limitingtoomuchexposuretotelevisionreportsandsocialmedia-especiallythenewsthatoverstatesthecase-canhelp,sincechildrenusuallyhaveextremelyactiveimagination.分析:limiting...为动名词作主语,since引导原因状语从句。翻译：限制孩子过多地接触电视报道和社交媒体——尤其是那些夸大事实的新闻——会有所帮助，因为孩布门通常有极其活跃的想象力。m.语法填空Chineseroseplants1.(line)theroadsalwaysareawelcomesightforYeJiaxing,32,whenshereturnsfromabusinesstripandtakesataxihomefromBeijingCapitalInternationalAirport.LikemanyBeijingnatives,Yefeelsdeeplyconnectedtothecity,2.(regard)ofwheresheis,andtheroses3.fullbloomalwaysmakeherfeellesstiredandreassureherthatshehasarrivedhome.Chineseroses,4.bloomformorethan200daysayear,areeasytooverlook.Whenspringarrives,theyforma5.(color)sight,especiallyalongBeijing'sThird,FourthandFifthringroads,andinotherpartsofthecity.Theroses,inavarietyofcolors,6.(plant)along250kilometresofthecity'sroads.PlantingChineserosesalongBeijing'sringroadsbeganin2003,whenthecitysetout7.(improve)streetlandscaping.In1987,theChineserosewaschosenastheflowertorepresentBeijing.Threeyearslater,whenthecitybeganpreparationsforhostingthe1990AsianGames—thefirstlarge-scaleinternationalsportseventstagedinthePeople'sRepublicofChina-large 8.(quantity)offloribundaroseswereplantedalongtheroads.However,theseflowers,atypeofChineserosewithmultipleheadsandwhichbloomforalongtimeeachyear,areeasilyaffectedbythewindandvehicleexhaustemissions9.theplantsare10.（relative）shortandtheflowersareneartotheground.SoclimbingroseswerechosentoplantalongringroadsinBeijing.【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了为美化城市环境，在北京主要街道栽培月季花的事情。.【解析】lining。考查非谓语动词。这里是现在分词作后置定语。.【解析】regardless.考查固定搭配。regardlessof是固定搭配，意思是“不管，不顾二.【解析】in.考查介词。infullbloom意思是“（花朵）盛开工.【解析】which.考查定语从句。which引