听力教程第三册答案UNIT2

UNIT2Part2PassageTheWrights’StoryOnthemorningofDecember17,1903,between10:30a.m.andnoon,fourflightsweremade,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.Thestartswereallmadefromapointonthelevelsandabout200feetwestofourcamp,whichislocatedaquarterofamilenorthoftheKillDevilsandhill,inDareCounty,NorthCarolina.Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocity*of27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrecordedbytheanemometer*attheKittyHawkWeatherBureauStation.Theflightsweredirectlyagainstthewind.Eachtimethemachinestartedfromthelevelgroundbyitsownpoweralonewithnoassistancefromgravityoranyothersourcewhatever.Afterarunofabout40feetalongamonorail*track,whichheldthemachine8inches(20centimeters)fromtheground,itrosefromthetrackandunderthedirectionoftheoperatorclimbedupwardonaninclinedcoursetillaheightof8or10feetfromthegroundwasreached,afterwhichthecoursewaskeptasnearhorizontalasthewindgustsandthelimitedskilloftheoperatorwouldpermit.IntotheteethofaDecembergalethe"Flyer"madeitswayforwardwithaspeedof10milesanhouroverthegroundand30to35milesanhourthroughtheair.Ithadpreviouslybeendecidedthatforreasonsofpersonalsafetythesefirsttrialsshouldbemadeasclosetothegroundaspossible.Theheightchosenwassufficientformaneuvering*insogustyawindandwithnopreviousacquaintancewiththeconductofthemachineanditscontrollingmechanisms.Consequentlythefirstflightwasshort.Thesucceedingflightsrapidlyincreasedinlengthandatthefourthtrialaflightof59secondswasmade,inwhichtimethemachineflewalittlemorethanhalfamilethroughtheairandadistanceof852feetovertheground.Thelandingwasduetoaslighterrorofjudgmentonthepartoftheaviator.Afterpassingoveralittlehummock*ofsand,inattemptingtobringthemachinedowntothedesiredheight,theoperatorturnedtherudder*toofar,andthemachineturneddownwardmorequicklythanhadbeenexpected.Thereversemovementoftherudderwasafractionofasecondtoolatetopreventthemachinefromtouchingthegroundandthusendingtheflight.Aswinterwasalreadywellsetin,weshouldhavepostponedthetrialstoamorefavorableseason,butweweredeterminedtoknowwhetherthemachinepossessedsufficientpowertofly,sufficientstrengthtowithstandtheshocksoflandingsandsufficientcapacityofcontroltomakeflightsafeinboisterous*winds,aswellasincalmair.ExerciseAPre-listeningQuestionOrvilleWright(1871-1948),Americanaeronauticalengineer,famousforhisroleinthefirstcontrolled,poweredflightinaheavier-than-airmachineandforhisparticipationinthedesignoftheaircraft'scontrolsystem.Wrightworkedcloselywithhisbrother,WilburWright(1867-1912),Americanaeronauticalengineer,indesigningandflyingtheWrightairplane.Duringtheyears1900,1901,1902,and1903,thetwobrothersdevelopedthefirsteffectiveairplane.AtKittyHawk,NorthCarolina,onDecember17,1903,OrvilleWrightmadethefirstsuccessfulflightofapiloted,heavier-than-air,self-propelledcraft,calledtheFlyer.ThethirdFlyer,whichtheWrightsconstructedin1905,wastheworld'sfirstfullypracticalairplane.Itcouldbank,turn,circle,makefigureeights,andremainintheairforaslongasthefuellasted,uptohalfanhouronoccasion.ExerciseCDetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.FourflightsweremadeonthemorningofDecember17,1903,twobyOrvilleWrightandtwobyWilburWright.Thewindatthetimeoftheflightshadavelocityof27milesanhourat10a.m.,and24milesanhouratnoon,asrecordedbytheanemometerattheKittyHawkWeatherBureauStation.Eachtimethemachinestartedfromthelevelgroundbyitsownpoweralonewithnoassistancefromgravityoranyothersourcewhatever.Themachineranabout40feetalongamonorailtrackbeforeitrosefromthetrack.Thesefirsttrialsshouldbemadeasclosetothegroundaspossibleforreasonsofpersonalsafety.Themachineflewalittlemorethanhalfamilethroughtheairin59secondsatthefourthtrial.Theearlylandingwasduetoaslighterrorofjudgmentonthepartoftheaviator.Aswinterwasalreadywellsetin,itwasnotafavorableseasonforthetrials.SectionThreeNewsNewsItem2EuropeanFootballEnglishfootballclubLiverpoolcrashedoutoftheChampionsLeague,despitefightingbackfroma3-0deficittotieFCBasel3-3inSwitzerland.LiverpoolneededawinTuesdaytoqualify/forthesecondphase.Instead,theEnglishclubwillplayfortheUEFACup.BaselbecamethefirstSwisssideevertoreachthelast16oftheChampionsLeague,qualifyingsecondinGroupB-behindValenciaofSpain,whichbeatSpartakMoscow3-0.EnglishchampionArsenalplayedtoascorelesshomedrawagainstDutch-sidePSVEindhoventotopGroupAandmoveintothesecondphase,wheretheteamwillbeseeded.They'llbejoinedbyGermanteamBorussiaDortmund*,whichadvanceddespitea1-0losstoAuxerreinFrance.ASRomaplayedtoa1-1drawagainstAEKAthensinItaly,tocapturesecondplaceinGroupC.GroupwinnerRealMadridofSpainwillalsoadvance,afterdrawing1-1withRacingGenk*inBelgium.InGroupD,InterMilanofItalygotapairofgoalsfromHernanCrespotobeatAjaxAmsterdam2-1intheNetherlands.BothteamsqualifiedattheexpenseofFrenchsideLyon,whichwasheldtoa1-1drawbyRosenborginNorway.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutEuropeanfootballmatches.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).1.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.TNewsItem3KemperOpenGulfPreviewTheannualKemperOpen*golftournamentgetsunderwayThursdaynearWashingtonattheTournamentPlayersClubatAvenel.Twenty-eight-year-oldAmericanRichBeemisbacktodefendhistitle.Beforehisvictoryhere,hehadmissedthehalfwaycutsinfivestraighttournaments.Hehopeshecanagainfindhisformduringthenextfourdays,asheiscurrently132ndonthemoneylist.Theplayerwhoisnumber-oneongolf'smoneylistandintheworldrankings,AmericanTigerWoods,decidedtoskipthiseventafterwinningtherain-delayedMemorialOpenin(Dublin)OhioonMonday.Compatriot*JeffSlumansaysevenTigerhastotakeperiodicbreaks.He'sunbelievable.He'sgotanopportunity,asIsaidevenacoupleyearsago,ifhestayshealthyanddoestherightthings,hecanmaybebethebestgolferofalltime,andhe'sshowingrightnowwhathecando.Thekidisjustafabulous,fabulousplayer,buthecan'tplayeveryweek."Eightofthepast10KemperOpenwinnersareinthisyear'sfieldof156golfers,whoarevyingforthreemilliondollarsinprizemoney.Thefirst-placecheckhasbeenincreasedfrom450thousandto540thousanddollars.ExerciseADirections:Listentothenewsitemandcompletethesummary.ThisnewsitemisaboutanannualKemperOpengolftournamentonThursday.ExerciseBDirections:Listentothenewsagainandanswerthefollowingquestions."TheKemperOpengolftournamentwillbeheldonThursday.RichBeemcomesbacktodefendhistitle.Heiscurrentlyranked132ndonthemoneylist.TigerWoodsisnumber-oneongolf'smoneylistandintheworldrankings.HehastotakeabreakafteramatchonMonday.Thereare156golferstakingpartinthisevent.Thetotalprizemoneyisthreemilliondollars.Theprizeforthefirstplaceis540thousanddollarsSectionFourSupplementaryExercisePart2PassageAskanyoneinBrazilwhoinventedtheairplane,andtheywillsayAlbertoSantos-Dumont,abonvivantaswell-knownforhisaerialprowessashewasforhisdandyish*dressandplaceinthehigh-societylifeofBelleEpoqueParis.AsPaulHoffmanrecountsinhisbiographyWingsofMadness,theeccentric*Brazilianwastheonlypersoninhisdaytoownaflyingmachine."Hewouldkeephisdirigible*tiedtoagaslamppostinfrontofhisParisapartmentattheChampsElysees,andeverynighthewouldflytoMaxim'sfordinner.Duringthedayhe'dflytogoshoppingortovisitfriends,"Hoffmansaid.ItwasonNovember12,1906,whenSantos-Dumontflewakite-likecontraption*withboxywingscalledthe14-Bissome220metersontheoutskirtsofParis.Sincehiswasthefirstpublicflightintheworld,hewashailedastheinventoroftheairplanealloverEurope.ItwasonlylaterthatOrvilleandWilburWrightprovedtheyhadbeatenSantos-DumontatKittyHawk,NorthCarolina,threeyearsearlier.ButtobringuptheWrightbrotherswithaBrazilianisboundtoelicit*anavalancheofargumentsastowhytheirflightdidn'tcount."It'soneofthebiggestfrauds*inhistory,"scoffsWagnerDiogo,ataxidriverinRiodeJaneiro."Noonesawit,andtheyusedacatapult*tolaunchtheairplane."Thedebatecentersonthedefinitionofflight.HenriqueLinsdeBarros,aBrazilianphysicistandSantos-Dumontexpert,arguesthattheWrightbrothers'flightdidnotfulfilltheconditionsthathadbeensetupatthetimetodistinguishatrueflightfromaprolongedhop.Santos-Dumont'sflightdidmeetthecriteria:Hetookoffunassisted,publiclyflewapredeterminedlengthandthenlandedsafely."Ifweunderstandwhatthecriteriawereattheendofthe19thcentury,theWrightbrotherssimplydidnotfillanyoftheprerequisites,"saidLinsdeBarros.BraziliansclaimthattheWrightslaunchedtheirFlyerin1903withacatapultoratanincline,disqualifyingitfrombeingatrueairplane.EvenSantos-DumontexpertslikeLinsdeBarrosconcede*thisiswrong.HesaysthatthesteadywindsatKittyHawkwerecrucialfortheFlyer'stakeoff,disqualifyingtheflightbecauseitprobablycouldnotliftoffonitsown.PeterJakab,chairmanoftheaeronauticsdivisionattheUSNationalAirandSpaceMuseumin/Washington,sayssuchclaimsarepreposterous*.BythetimeSantos-DumontgotaroundtohismaidenflighttheWrightbrothershadalreadyflownnumeroustimes,includingoneflightinwhichtheyflew39kilometers.EveninFrancetheWrightsareconsideredtohaveflownbeforeSantos-Dumont,saysClaudeCarlier,directoroftheFrenchCenterfortheHistoryofAeronauticsandSpace.ByroundingtheEiffelTowerinamotorizeddirigiblein.190I,Santos-Dumonthelpedprovethatairtravelcouldbecontrolled.ExerciseCDetailedListeningDirections:Listentothepassageanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).Discusswithyourclassmateswhyyouthinkthestatementistrueorfalse.T- 1.TheBraziliansbelievethatitwasAlbertoSantos-Dumontwhoinventedtheairplane.(AskanyoneinBrazilwhoinventedtheairplane,andtheywillsayAlbertoSantos-Dumont...)T- 2.InPaulHoffman'sdayAlbertoSantos-Dumontwastheonlypersontoownaflyingmachine.(AsPaulHoffmanrecountsinhisbiographyWingsofMadness,theeccentricBrazilianwastheonlypersoninhisdaytoownaflyingmachine.)T- 3.AccordingtoHoffman,AlbertoSantos-Dumontusedhisdirigibleasameansoftransportation.(HewouldkeephisdirigibletiedtoagaslamppostinfrontofhisParisapartmentattheChampsElysees,andhewouldflytoMaxim'sfordinnereverynightandhe'dflytogoshoppingortovisitfriendsduringtheday.)F4.OnNovember12,1906,