高考英语真题分类汇编专题阅读理解解析版

2016年高考试题分项解析之专题 5阅读理解1.12016•全国新课标I]AYouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100yearsJaneAddams(1860-1935)AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addanshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneedIn1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.RachelCarson(1907-1964)Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.SandraDayO’Connor(1930-present)WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.RosaParks(1913-2005)OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgmerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistoryHersocialwork.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.Hereffortstowinaprize.Hercommunitybackground.WhatisthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirmHerlackofpropertraininginlaw.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.Thepoorfinancialconditions.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUSA.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RosaParks.WhatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetextA.Theyarehighlyeducated. B.Theyaretrulycreative.C.Theyarepioneers. D.Theyarepeace-lovers.【答案】21-24ACD.C考点：考查人物类短文阅读【技巧点拨 】细节理解题的解题可以先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼） ，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、 语句，仔细品味， 对照比较，确定答案。2.12016•全国新课标I]BGrandparentsAnsweraCallAsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway,.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparentscom.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson‘sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.“inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldntgetawayfromh’omefarenoughfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofgratemagazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportant””tobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’rerainingchildren.”Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccessA．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.C．Itenabledhermakemorefriends.D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecisionA．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960sA．Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.D．Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent..WhatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelasrparagraphMakedecisionsinthebestinterests'oftheirownAsktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothemSacrificefortheirstrugglingchildrenGettoknowthemselvesbetter【答案】25-28.ADCA考点：社会生活类短文阅读【技巧点拨】 推理判断题属于主观题， 是层次较高的题目。 此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者暗含的意思。解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。 28题中则根据 itiswisertosayno推断出作者的立场。3.12016•全国新课标I]CIampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞） inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐献者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldformere-routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou’regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife..Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword “courier”inParagraph17Aprovider BdeliverymanCcollector Dmedicaldoctor30.Why?does?Peter?have?to?complete?his?trip?within?42hoursA.?He?cannot?stay?away?from?his?job?too?long.B.?The?donor?can?only?wait?for?that?long.C.?The?operation?needs?that?very?much.D.?The?ice?won't?last?any?longer.31.Which?flight?did?the?woman?put?Peter?on?firstA.?To?London????????B.?To?NewarkC.?To?Providence?????D.?To?Washington【答案】29-31.BD.B【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。 1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测 2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法 （前缀、后缀、复合、派生等 ）进行猜测 4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。.D细节理解题。 根据第一段第二句 Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseIv’egottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.可知冰盒只能保持 42小时适宜的温度。故选 D。31.B细节理解题。根据第二段末句 Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去 Newark的航班。 故选 B。考点：故事类短文阅读4.12016•全国新课标I]DThe?meaning?of?silence?varies?among?cultural?groups.?Silences?may?be?thoughtful,?or?they?may?be?empty?when?a?person?has?nothing?to?say.?A?silence?in?a?conversation?may?also?show?stubbornness,?or?worry.?Silence?may?be?viewed?by?some?cultural?groups?as?extremely?uncomfortable;?therefore?attempts?may?be?made?to?fill?every?gap（间隙）with?conversation.?Persons?in?other?cultural?groups?value?silence?and?view?it?as?necessary?for?understanding?a?person's?needs.Many?Native?Americans?value?silence?and?feel?it?is?a?basic?part?of?communicating?among?people,?just?as?some?traditional?Chinese?and?Thai?persons?do.?Therefore,?when?a?person?from?one?of?these?cultures?is?speaking?and?suddenlystops,?what?maybe?implied（暗示）?is?that?the?personwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient ’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversationsItimpliesanger.Itpromotesfriendship.Itisculture-specific.

Itiscontent-based.WhichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthoughtTheChinese.TheFrench.TheMexicans.TheRussians.WhatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilenceLetitcontinueasthepatientpleases.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.WhatmaybethebesttitleforthetextSoundandSilenceWhatItMeanstoBeSilentSilencetoNativeAmericansSpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold【答案】32-35.CADB考点：社会生活类短文阅读5.12016・全国新课标II]AWhat'sOnElectricUnderground7.30pm—1.00amFreeattheCyclopsTheatreDoyouknowwho'splayinginyourareaWe'rebringingyouaneveningofliverockandpopmusicfromthebestlocalbands.Areyouinterestedinbecomingamusicianandgettingarecordingcontract（合同）Ifso,comeearlytothetalkat7.30pmbyJulesSkye,asuccessfulrecordproducer.He'sgoingtotalkabouthowyoucanfindtherightpersontoproduceyoumusic.GeeWhizz8.30pm-10.30pmComedyatKaleidoscopejoyfulshowwillpleaseeveryone,fromtheyoungesttotheoldest.GeeWhizzreallyknowshowtomakeyoulaugh!Ourbarisopenfrom7.00pmfordrinksandsnacks（快餐）.ComeandseeGeeWhizzperform.Hesthefunniespststommedianonthecomedyscene.ThisComeandseeGeeWhizzperform.Hesthefunniespststommedianonthecomedyscene.ThisSimon'sWorkshop5.00pm-7.30pmWednesdaysatVictoriaStageThisisagoodchanceforanyonewhowantstolearnhowtodocomedy.Theworkshoplooksateverykindofcomedy,andpracticesmanydifferentwaysofmakingpeoplelaugh.Simonisacomedianandactorwhohas10years'experienceofteachingcomedy.Hisworkshopsareexcitingandfun.AneveningwithSimonwillgiveyoutheconfidencetobefunny.Char10tteStone8.00pm-11.00pmPizzaWorldFinefoodwithbeautifuljazzmusic;thisisagreateveningout.CharlotteStonewillperformsongsfromhernewbest-sellingCD,withJamesPickeringonthepiano.ThemenuisItalian,withexcellentmeatandfreshfish,pizzasandpasta（面食）.Bookearlytogetatable.Ourbarisopenallday,andservescocktails,coffee,beer,andwhitewine.WhocanhelpyouifyouwanttohaveyourmusicproducedA.JulesSkye. B.GeeWhizz.C.CharlotteStone.D.JamesPickering.AtwhichplacecanpeopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaughA.TheCyclopsTheatreB.KaleidoscopeC.VictoriaStageD.PizzaWorldWhatdoweknowaboutSimon'sWorkshopA.Itrequiresmembershipstatus.B.Itlaststhreehourseachtime.C.Itisrunbyacomedyclub.D.ItisheldeveryWednesday.WhenwillCharlotteStoneperformhersongsA.5.00pm-7.30pm.B.7.30pm—1.00am.C.8.00pm-11.00pm.D.8.30pm-10.30pm.【答案】1.A 2.B3.D4.C【名师点睛】本文属于广告类短文， 所考查四题均为细节题中的直接理解题。 细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。 定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子 （即定位），然后进行比较和分析（尤其要注意一些同义转换），从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文， 并找到相关的句子（有时可能是几个句子）或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以本文为例，我们根据题干中“peopleofdifferentagesenjoyagoodlaugh”所有年龄段的人都能够从中获得笑声，直接定位第二则广告第三句Thisjoyfulshowwillpleaseeveryone,fromtheyoungesttotheoldest可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心，故选择B项。考点：考查广告类阅读6.12016・全国新课标II】BFiveyearsago,whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle,IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent,andsaid: "MakesomethingoutofetrteysnYouhave45minutestoday-and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek. ”Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseetherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect（感染）otherstudents.Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare, "ButI'mjustnotcreative.“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou'reasleep”Oh,sure.“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams. "Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads. "That'sprettycWhodoesthatforyou”nNobody.Idoit.”Reallyatnight,whenyou'reasleepSure.Trydoingitinthedaytime,inclass,okayTheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinordertoA.knowmoreaboutthestudentsB.makethelessonsmoreexcitingC.raisethestudentsinterestinErteachthestudentsabouttoydesignC.raisethestudentsWhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3A.Helikedtohelphisteacher.B.Hepreferredtostudyalone.C.Hewasactiveinclass.D.Hewasimaginative.Whatdoestheunderlinedword “downside"inParagraphefeprobablymA.Mistake.B.Drawback.C.Difficulty.D.Burden.WhydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreamsA.Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.B.Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.C.Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.D.Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.【答案】5.A6.D7.B8.A7.B词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句"Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking."可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为" drawback缺点”。故B正确。【名师点睛】本文属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句"Irantherisk thinking."中的"risk”说明我的教育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback缺点，不足”。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例： ？?????Shanghai?Bashi?Tourism?Car?Rental?Centre?offers?a?wide?variety?ofchoices—deluxe?sedans,?minivans,?station?wagons,?coaches,?Santana?sedans?are?the?big?favorite.????纵前面的Car?Rental?Center可知出租车公司提供的只能是 cars?for?rent（出租汽车）,也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如 but,however,otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号（；）也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说， “有因必有果，有果必有因"。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如Biggest?power?failure?in?the?city's?history...All?of?our?ice—cream?and?frozen?foods?melted.根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化” ，也就是melted。考点：考查记叙文阅读

7.12016・全国新课标II】CReadingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit._BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says, “Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth. ”Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrossingtokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.Brucepetersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe "real"andnotthevirtual（虚拟）.Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.WhydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraphA.Toexplainwhattheyare.B.TointroduceBookCrossing.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.Whatdoestheunderlinedword "it"inParagraph2refertoA.Thebook.B.Anadventure.C.Apublicplace.D.Theidentificationnumber.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingitA.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.B.Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.C.Passitontoanotherreader.D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.WhatisthebesttitleforthetextA.OnlineReading:AVirtualTourB.ElectronicBooks:AnewTrendABookGroupBringsTraditionBackAWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooksABookGroupBringsTraditionBackAWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks【答案】9.B10.A11.C12.D【名师点睛】本文考查了代词指代题。 根据本句”.…hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit_”留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的it指代前半句提到的同一事物“thebook”。阅读的时候我们可以根据上下文的指代关系进行选择： 文章中的代词it,that,he,him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，要认真查找；有时需要对前面提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的事。例如： ？????？However,?the?question?that?"moon?people"?asked?is?still?an?interesting?one.?A?growing?number?of?scientists?are?seriously?thinking?about?it.??????!"先，it指上句中的the?question,而the?question又指上一段中"月球人”所提的问题，所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。考点：考查说明文阅读8.12016・全国新课标II】DAnewcollectionofphotosbringsanunsuccessfulAntarcticvoyagebacktolife.FrankHurley'spictureswouldbeoutstand-imgjndoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalismiftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.Infact,theywereshotfrom1914through1916,mostofthemafteradisastrousshipwreck（海滩），byacameramanwhohadnoreasonableexpectationofsurvival.Manyoftheimageswerestoredinanicechest,underfreezingwater,inthedamagedwoodenship.TheshipwastheEndurance,asmall,tight,Norwegian-builtthree-masterthatwasintendedtotakeSirErnestShackletonandasmallcrewofseamenandscientists,27meninall,tothesouthernmostshoreofAntarcticaWesdellSea.FromthatpointShackletonwantedtoforceapassagebydogsled（雪橇）acrossthecontinent.ThejourneywasintendedtoachievemorethanwhatCaptainRobertFalconScotthaddone.CaptainScotthadreachedtheSouthPoleearlyin1912buthaddiedwithhisfourcompanionsonthemarchback.AswriterCarolineAlexandermakesclearinherforcefulandwell-researchedstoryTheEndurance,adventuringwaseventhenathoroughlycommercialeffort.Scott 'slastjourney,completedasbelayinatentdyingofcoldandhunger,caughttheworld 'simagination,andafilmmreweinhishonordcrowds.Shackleton,aonetimeBritishmerchant-navyofficerwhohadgottowithin100milesoftheSouthPolein1908,startedabusinessbeforehis1914voyagetomakemoneyfrommovieandstillphotography.FrankHurley,aconfidentandgiftedAustralianphotographerwhoknewtheAntarctic,washiredtomaketheimages,mostofwhichhaveneverbeforebeenpublished.WhatdoweknowaboutthephotostakenbyHurleyTheyweremadelastweekTheyshowedunderseasceneriesTheywerefoundbyacameramanTheyrecordedadisastrousadventureWhoreachedtheSouthPolefirstaccordingtothetextA.FrankHurley B.ErnestShackletonC.RobertFalconScottD.CarolineAlexanderWhatdoesAlexanderthinkwasthepurposeofthe1914voyageA.Artisticcreation B.ScientificresearchC.Moneymaking D.Treasurehunting【答案】 13.D14.C15.C【名师点睛】本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如中的A项“Theyweremadelastweek”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“FrankHurley’pictures undoubtedlyfirst-ratephoto-journalismiftheyhadbeenmadelastweek.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。”实际上这些照片是1914年左右拍摄的。说明 A项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式：?.?张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。.?偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。 ?.?无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 ?.?以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。1.A1.A考点：考查记叙文阅读9.12016•全国新课标III]AMusicOperaatMusicHall:1243ElmStreet.TheseasonrunsJunethroughAugust,withadditionalperformancesinMarchandSeptember.TheOperahonorsEnjoytheArtsmembershipdiscounts.Phone:241-2742..ChamberOrchestra:TheOrchestraplaysatMemorialHallat1406ElmStreet,whichoffersseveralconcertsfromMarchthroughJune.Call723-1182formoreinformation..SymphonyOrchestra:AtMusicHallandRiverbend.Forticketsales,call381-3300.RegularseasonrunsSeptemberthroughMayatMusicHallinsummeratRiverbend..CollegeConservatoryofMusic(CCM):Performancesareonthemaincampus(校园)oftheuniversity,usuallyatPatriciaCobbettTheater.CCMorganizesavarietyofevents,includingperformancesbythewell-knownLaSalleQuartet,CCM’sPhilharmonicOrchestra,andvariousgroupsofmusicianspresentingBaroquethroughmodernmusic.StudentswithI.D.cardscanattendtheeventsforfree.Afreescheduleofeventsforeachtermisavailablebycallingtheboxofficeat556-4183..RiverbendMusicTheater:6295KelloggAve.Largeoutdoortheaterwiththeclosestseatsundercover(pricedifference).Bignameshowsallsummerlong!Phone:232-6220...WhichnumbershouldyoucallifyouwanttoseeanoperaA.241-2742. B.723-1182.C.381-3300. D.232-6220..WhencanyougotoaconcertbyChamberOrchestraA.February.B.May.C.August.D.November..WherecanstudentsgoforfreeperformanceswiththeirI.D.cardsA.MusicHall. B.MemorialHall.C.PatriciaCobbettTheater.D.RiverbendMusicTheater..HowisRiverbendMusicTheaterdifferentfromtheotherplacesIthasseatsintheopenair.Itgivesshowsallyearround.Itoffersmembershipdiscounts.Itpresentsfamousmusicalworks.【答案】2.B.C.A考点：广告类短文阅读【名师点睛】阅读理解中细节理解题的干扰项的设置手法体现在下列几个原则：1．包含项原则在答案选项分析中，假如对 A选项的理解概括了对其它三项 （或其中某一项）的理解，那么我们就说选项 A与其他三项是包含或概括关系，包含项 A往往就是正确答案。如在 “花”与“玫瑰”两选项中，正确答案肯定是 “花”，花包含了玫瑰 ,因为玫瑰肯定是花，但花并不一定是玫瑰。2．正反项原则所谓正反项，是指两选项陈述的命题完全相矛盾。根据形式逻辑排中律知识：两个相互矛盾的判断不能都是假的，其中必有一真。所以在阅读理解中，假如四选项中 A、B互为正反项，那我们通常先排除 C、D项，正确答案一般在 A、B项当中取其一。3．委婉项原则所谓委婉，这里是指说话不能说死，要留有余地。阅读理解选项中语气平和、委婉的往往是正确答案。这些选项一般含有不十分肯定或试探性语气的表达 ，如：probably,possibly,?may,usually,might,mostof,moreorless,relatively,belikelyto,notnecessary,although,yet,inaddition，tendto，beliableto等等，而含有绝对语气的表达往往不是正确答案，如： must,always,never,themost,all,every,any,merely,only,completely,none,hardly,already等等。4．同形项原则几个选项如存在形式与结构上的相似，那它们就互为同形项。同形项组可喻为高尔夫球场上的“果岭”，而正确答案就是果岭上的 “球洞”。命题者往往先将正确答案设置在一个大命题范围，然后通过语言形式的细微变化来考察考生的理解能力与分析能力。同形项原则告诉我们：词汇与句法结构相似的选项一般存在有正确答案。5．常识项原则在议论文当中，那些符合一般常识，意义深刻富有哲理，符合一般规律，属于普遍现象的选项往往是正确答案。6．因果项原则阅读理解逻辑推理基本都是通过因果链进行的，前因后果，一步步循序渐进。然而，在推理题型的选项中，有的选项会推理不到位（止于前因），或者推理过头（止于后果），这就是所谓的干扰项。因果项原则规定：假如四个选项中有两项互为同一事物推理过程中的因果关系，那么正确答案就是这两个因果项中的其中之一 。如果因项可以产生几个结果，那么答案就是因项;如果果项可以对应几个原因，那么答案就是果项。10.12016•全国新课标III]BOnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago,EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecafeandwithinminutes,anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.“Hey,aren'froouMississippi"theelegant,whateedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger."I'mfromMississippitoo.”Withoutasecondthought,thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup,shealsopulledupachair.“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi, "Weltysaid."Ididn'tknowwhatmyNefriendswerethinking.”TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.Welty'newfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel,herbig-cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippi.“Myfriendssaid: 'Nowwebelieveyourstories, '"Weltyadded."AndIsaid: 'Nowyoukthepeoplethatmakemewritethem.'"Sittingonasofainherroom,Welty,aslimfigureinasimplegraydress,lookedpleasedwiththisexplanation."Idon'tmakethemup,"shesaidofthecharactersinherfictiontfass60orsoyears. "Idon'thaveto.”Beauticians,bartenders,pianoplayersandpeoplewithpurplehats,Welty'peoplecomefromafternoonsspentvisitingwitholdfriends,fromwalksthroughthestreetsofhernativeJackson,Miss.,fromconversationsoverheardonabus.ItannoysWeltythat,at78,herleftearhasnowgivenout.Sometimes,sittingonabusoratrain,shehearsonlyafragment（片段）ofaparticularlyinterestingstory..WhathappenedwhenWeltywaswithherfriendsatthecafeTwostrangersjoinedher.Herchildhoodfriendscamein.Aheavyrainruinedthedinner.Somepeopleheldapartythere..Theunderlinedword“them”inParagraph6referstoWelty ’s.A.readersB.partiesC.friendsD.stories.WhatcanwelearnaboutthecharactersinWelty ’sfictionTheyliveinbigcities.Theyaremostlywomen.Theycomefromreallife.Theyarepleasureseekers.【答案】.A.D.C考点：故事类短文阅读【名师点睛】猜词技巧：阅读理解的测试中经常有猜测词、短语、习语意义的题目，这些词、短语、习语要么是生词，要么是熟词新义，单靠平时积累是不够的，还要掌握一定的做题技巧。总结如下：(1)根据构词法 (转化、合成、派生 )进行判断。(2)?根据文中的定义、解释猜生词 ?；利用事例或解释猜生词；利用重复解释的信息猜生词。(3)根据上下文的指代关系进行选择：文章中的代词 it，that，he，him或them可以指上文提到的人或物，其中 it和that还可以指一件事。第 6题就是属于对指代关系进行判断。(4)根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如 but，however，otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。(5)根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说， “有因必有果，有果必有因 ”。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。(6)根据同位关系进行判断：阅读中有时出现新词、难词，后面就跟着一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，有时这种解释也用连词 “0旌接。(7)利用标点符号和提示词猜测词义。还可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。破折号表示解释说明。常见问题形式有：