专业英语八级真题1996年+附答案详解-

TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(1996--GRADEEIGHTPAPERONEPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION(40MIN.InSectionsA,BandCyouwillheareverythingonceonly.Listencarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.SECTIONATALKQuestions1to5refertothetalkinthissection.Attheendofthetalkyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentothetalk.1.ThespeakerthinksthatA.carcausespollutiononlyinsomecities.B.60%ofthecitiesareaffectedbycarpollution.C.90%ofthecityresidentssufferfromcarpollution.D.caristhemaincontributingfactorinpollutingair.2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseofcarpollution?A.Cartyres.B.Carengines.C.Carhorns.D.Carbrakes.3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTcitedasameanstoreducethenumberofcars?A.Topasslawstocontroltheuseofcars.B.Toimprovepublictransportsystems.C.Toincreasecartaxandcarprice.D.Toconstructeffectivesubwaysystems.4.OneofthemechanicalsolutionstocarpollutionisA.tochangethechemicalstructureoffuel.B.toimproveontheexhaustpipe.C.toexperimentwithnewengines.D.tomonitortheamountofchemicals.5.Accoringtothespeaker,asensiblewaytosolvecarpollutionisthatweshouldA.focusononemethodonly.B.exploresomeotheralternatives.C.improveoneofthefourmethods.D.integrateallofthefourmethods.SECTIONBINTERVIEWQuestions6to10arebasedonaninterviewwithanarchitect.Attheendoftheinterviewyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswereachofthefollowingfivequestions.Nowlistentotheinterview.6.Theinterviewee'sfirstjobwaswithA.anewspaper.B.thegovernment.C.aconstructionfirm.D.aprivatecompany.7.Theintervieweeisnotself-employedmainlybecauseA.herhusbandlikeshertoworkforafirm.B.sheprefersworkingforthegovernment.C.self-employedworkisverydemanding.D.self-employedworkissometimesinsecure.8.TostudyarchitectureinauniversityonemustA.beinterestedinarts.B.studypuresciencefirst.C.getgoodexamresults.D.begoodatdrawing.9.OnthesubjectofdrawingtheintervieweesaysthatA.technicallyspeakingartistsdrawverywell.B.anartist'sdrawingdifferslittlefromanarchitect's.C.precisionisavitalskillforthearchitect.D.architectsmustbenaturalartists.10.TheintervieweesaysthatthejobofanarchitectisA.moretheoreticalthanpractical.B.toproducesturdy,well-designedbuildings.C.morepracticalthantheoretical.D.toproduceattractive,interestingbuildings.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTQuestions11and12arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven30Swerthetwoquestions.Nowlistentothenews.11.ThemanwasconvictedforA.dishonesty.B.manslaughter.C.murder.D.havingagun.12.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.MarkEastwoodhadalicenseforarevolver.B.MarkEastwoodlovedtogotonoisyparties.C.MarkEastwoodsmashedthewindowsofahouse.D.MarkEastwoodhadarecord.Questions13to15arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofthenewsitem,youwillbegiven45secondstoanswerthethreequestions.Nowlistentothenews.13.HowmanymissingAmericanservicemenhavebeenpositivelyconfirmeddeadinVietnamsofar?A.67.B.280.C.84.D.1648.14.Accordingtothesearchoperationcommander,therecoveryofthemissingAmericansissloweddownbecauseA.theweatherconditionsareunfavorable.B.thenecessarydocumentsareunavailable.C.thesitesareinaccessible.D.somelocalpeoplearegreedy.15.Accordingtothenews,VietnammaybewillingtohelpAmericamainlybecauseofA.itschangedpolicytowardsAmerica.B.recentinternationalpressure.C.itsdesiretohavetheUStradeembargolifted.D.theimpendingvisitbyaseniorUSmilitaryofficer.SECTIONDNOTE-TAKINGANDGAP-FILLINGInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.YouwillhearthelectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothelecture,takenotesontheimportantpoints.Yournoteswillnotbemarked,butyouwillneedthemtocompletea15-minutegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETafterthemini-lecture.Usetheblankpaperfornote-taking.Aproblemrelatedtothecompetitionforlanduseiswhethercropsshouldbeusedtoproducefoodorfuel.(1areaswillbeexaminedinthisrespect.Firstly,theproblemshouldbeviewedinits(2perspective.Whenoilpricesrosesharplyinthe1970s,countrieshadtolookforalternativestosolvetheresultingcrisis.Indevelopingcountries,oneofthepossibleanswerstoitistoproducealcoholfrom(3material.Thishasledtoalotofresearchinthisareaparticularlyintheuseof(4Theuseofthismaterialresultedfromtwoeconomicreasons:a(5initspriceandlow(6costs.Thereareotherstarchyplantsthatcanbeusedtoproducealcohol,likethesweet(7orthecassavaplantintropicalregions,and(8andsugarbeetinnon-tropicalregions.Theproblemwiththeseplantsisthattheyarealsothepeople'sstaplefoodinmanypoorcountries.Therefore,farmerstherearefacedwithachoice:cropsforfoodorforfuel.Andfarmersnaturallygoforwhatismore(9Asaresult,theproblemsinvolvedareeconomicinnature,ratherthantechnological.Thisismysecondareaunderconsideration.Finally,therehavealreadybeenpracticalapplicationsofusingalcoholforfuel.Basically,theycomeintwoformsofuse:purealcoholasisthecasein(10,andacombinationofalcoholandgasolineknownasgasoholinGermany.PARTⅡPROOFREADINGANDERRORCORRECTION(15MIN.ProofreadthegivenpassageonANSWERSHEETasinstructedWATERThesecondmostimportantconstituentofthebiosphereisliquidwater.Thiscanonlyexistinaverynarrowrangeoftemperatures,sincewaterfreezesat0℃andboilsat100℃.Thisisonlyatinyrangecomparedwiththelowtemperaturesofsomeotherplanetsandthehotinterioroftheearth,letthetemperatureofthesun.(1Asweknow,lifewouldonlybepossibleontheface(2ofaplanethadtemperaturessomewherewithinthisrange.(3Theearth'ssupplyofwaterprobablyremainsquitefairly(4constantinquantity.Acertainnumberofhydrogenatoms,whichareoneofthemainconstituentsofwater,arelostbyescapingfromtheatmospheretooutspace,buttheyareprobablyjustaboutreplacedby(5newwaterrisingawayfromthedepthsoftheearthduring(6volcanicaction.Thetotalquantityofwaterisnotknown,anditisaboutenoughtocoverthesurfaceoftheglobe(7toadepthofabouttwoandthree-quarterkms.Mostofit—97%—isintheformofthesaltwatersoftheoceans.Therestisfresh,butthreequarterofthisis(8intheformoficeatthePolesandonmountains,andcannotbeusedbylivingsystemswhenmelted.Ofthe(9remainingfraction,whichissomewhatfewerthan1%ofthe(10whole,thereis10—20timesasmuchstoredasundergroundwaterasisactuallyonthesurface.Thereisalsoaminor,butextremelyimportant,fractionofthewatersupplywhichispresentaswatervaporintheatmosphere.PARTⅢREADINGCOMPREHENSION(40MIN.SECTIONAREADINGCOMPREHENSION(30MIN.Inthissectiontherearefivereadingpassagesfollowedbyatotaloffifteenmultiple-choicequestions.Readthepassagesandthenanswerthequestions.TEXTAStayingHealthyonHoliday1Dopeoplewhochoosetogoonexotic,far-flungholidaysdeservefreehealthadvicebeforetheytravel?Andeveniftheypay,whoensuresthattheygetgood,up-to-dateinformation?Who,forthatmatter,shouldcollectthatinformationinthefirstplace?Foravarietyofreasons,travelmedicineinBritainisaresponsibilitynobodywants.Asaresult,manytravelersgoabroadiiipreparedtoavoidseriousdisease.2Whyistravelmedicinesounloved?Partlythere'sanidentityproblem.Becauseittakesaninterestinanythingthatimpingesonthehealthoftravelers,thisemergingmedicalspecialisminvariablycutsacrossthetraditionaldisciplines.Itdelvesintoeverythingfromseasickness,jetlagandthehazardsofcamelstomalariaandplague.Buttravelmedicinehasamoreseriousobstacletoovercome.Travelclinicsaremeanttotellpeoplehowtoavoidendingupdeadorinatropicaldiseaseshospitalwhentheycomehome,butitisnotoriouslydifficulttogetanybodypayoutmoneyforkeepingpeoplehealthy.3Travelmedicinehasalsobeencolonizedbycommercialinterests,thevastmajorityoftravelclinicsinBritainarerunbyairlinesortravelcompanies.Andwhiletravelconcernsarehappytosellprofitableinjections,theymaybelesskeentospreadbadnewsabouttravelers'diarrheainTurkey,ortotakethetimetospelloutpreventivemeasurestravelerscouldtake."TheNHSfindsitdifficulttodefinetravelers'health,"saysRonBehrens,theonlyNHSconsultantintravelanytropicalmedicineanddirectorofthetravelclinicoftheHospitalforTropicalDiseasesinLondon."ShoulditcomewithintheNHSorshoulditbepaidfor?It'sagrayarea,andopinionissplit.Nooneseemstohaveanyresponsibilityfordefiningitsrole,"hesays.4Tocompounditslowstatusinthemedicalhierarchy,travelmedicinehastorelyonstatisticsthatarepatchyatbest.Inmostcaseswejustdon'tknowhowmanyBritonscontractdiseaseswhenabroad.Andevenifadiseaseislinkedtotravelthereisrarelyanyinformationaboutwherethoseafflictedwent,whattheyare,howtheybehaved,orwhichvaccinationstheyhad.Thisshortageofhardfactsandfiguresmakesitdifficulttogivedetailedadvicetopeople,informationthatmightevensavetheirlives.5ArecentleaderintheBritishMedicalJournalargued."Travelmedicinewillemergeasacredibledisciplineonlyiftherisksencounteredbytravelersandtherelativebenefitsofpublichealthinterventionsarewelldefinedintermsoftheirrelativeoccurrence,distributionandcontrol."Exactlyhowmuchmoneyiswastedbypoortraveladvice.Therealfigureisanybody'sguess,butitcouldeasilyrunintomillions.Behrensgivesoneexample.Britainspendsmorethan￡1millioneachyearjustoncholeravaccinesthatoftendon'tworkandsogivepeopleafalsesenseofsecurity:"Informationonthepreventionandtreatmentofallformsofdiarrheawouldbeabetterpriority",hesays.16.TravelmedicineinBritainisA.notsomethinganyonewantstorun.B.theresponsibilityofthegovernment.C.administeredbyprivatedoctors.D.handledadequatelybytravelagents.17.ThemaininterestoftravelcompaniesdealingwithtravelmedicineistoA.preventpeoplefromfallingill.B.makemoneyoutofit.C.giveadviceonspecificcountries.D.getthegovernmenttopayforit.18.InBehren'sopinionthequestionofwhoshouldruntravelmedicineA.isforthegovernmenttodecide.B.shouldbelefttospecialisthospitals.C.canbelefttotravelcompanies.D.hasnoclearandsimpleanswer.19.PeoplewillonlythinkbetteroftravelmedicineifA.itisgivenmoreresourcesbythegovernment.B.moreaccurateinformationonitsvalueisavailable.C.thegovernmenttakesoverresponsibilityfromtheNHS.D.travelerspaymoreattentiontotheadvicetheyget.TEXTBTheHistoricalBackgroundofSocialPsychology1Whiletherootsofsocialpsychologylieintheintellectualsoilofthewholewesterntradition,itspresentfloweringisrecognizedtobecharacteristicallyanAmericanphenomenon.OnereasonforthestrikingupsurgeofsocialpsychologyintheUnitedStatesliesinthepragmatictraditionofthiscountry.Nationalemergenciesandconditionsofsocialdisruptionprovidespecialincentivetoinventnewtechniques,andtostrikeoutboldlyforsolutionstopracticalsocialproblems.SocialpsychologybegantoflourishsoonaftertheFirstWorldWar.Thisevent,followedbythegreatdepressionofthe1930s,bytheriseofHitler,thegenocideofJews,raceriots,theSecondWorldWarandtheatomicthreat,stimulatedallbranchesofsocialscience.Aspecialchallengefelltosocialpsychology.Thequestionwasasked:Howisitpossibletopreservethevaluesoffreedomandindividualrightsunderconditionofmountingsocialstrainandregimentation?Cansciencehelpprovideananswer?Thischallengingquestionledtoaburstofcreativeeffortthataddedmuchtoourunderstandingofthephenomenaofleadership,publicopinion,rumor,propaganda,prejudice,attitudechange,morale,communication,decision-making,racerelations,andconflictsofwar.2ReviewingthedecadethatfollowedWorldWarⅡ,Cartwright[1961]speaksofthe"excitementandoptimism"ofAmericansocialpsychologists,andnotes"thetremendousincreaseinthetotalnumberofpeoplecallingthemselvessocialpsychologists".Mostofthese,wemayaddshowlittleawarenessofthehistoryoftheirfield.3Practicalandhumanitarianmotiveshavealwaysplayedanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofsocialpsychology,notonlyinAmericabutinotherlandsaswell.Yettherehavebeendiscordantanddissentingvoices,intheopinionofHerbertSpencerinEngland,ofLudwigGumplowiczinAustria,andofWilliamGrahamSumnerintheUnitedStates,itisbothfutileanddangerousformantoattempttosteerortospeedsocialchange.Socialevolution,theyargue,requirestimeandobeyslawsbeyondthecontrolofman.Theonlypracticalserviceofsocialscienceistowarnmannottointerferewiththecourseofnature(orsociety.Buttheseauthorsareinaminority.MostsocialpsychologistssharewithComteanoptimisticviewofman'schancestobetterhiswayoflife.Hashenotalreadyimprovedhishealthviabiologicalsciences?Whyshouldhenotbetterhissocialrelationshipsviasocialsciences?Forthepastcenturythisoptimisticoutlookhaspersistedinthefaceofslenderaccomplishmenttodate.Humanrelationsseemstubbornlyset.Warshavenotbeenabolished,labortroubleshavenotabated,andracialtensionsarestillwithus.Giveustimeandgiveusmoneyforresearch,theoptimistssay.20.SocialpsychologydevelopedintheUSAA.becauseitsrootsareintellectuallywesterninorigin.B.asadirectresponsetothegreatdepression.C.tomeetthethreatofAdolfHitlerandhispolicyofmassgenocide.D.becauseofitspragmatictraditionsfordealingwithsocialproblems.21.Accordingtotheauthor,socialpsychologyshouldhelpmantoA.preserveindividualrights.B.becomehealthier.C.beawareofhistory.D.improvematerialwelfare.22.Whobelievedthatmancaninfluencesocialchangeforthegoodofsociety?A.Cartwright.B.Spencer.C.Sumner.D.Comte.TEXTCGodandMyFather1IthoughtofGodasastrangelyemotionalbeing.Hewaspowerful;hewasforgivingyetobdurate,fullofwarmthandaffection.Bothhiswrathandaffectionwerefitful,theycameandtheywent,andIcouldn'tcountoneithertocontinue:althoughtheybothalwaysdid.InshortGodwasmuchsuchabeingasmyfatherhimself.2Whatwastherelationbetweenthem,Iwondered—thesetwopuzzlingdeities?3Myfather'sideasofreligionseemedstraightforwardandsimple.Hehadnoticedwhenhewasaboythattherewerebuildingscalledchurches;hehadacceptedthemasanaturalpartofthesurroundingsinwhichhehadbeenborn.Hewouldneverhaveinventedsuchthingshimself.Neverthelesstheywerehere.Ashegrewupheregardedthemasunquestioninglyashedidbanks.Theyweresubstantialoldstructures,theywererespectable,decent,andvenerable.Theywerefrequentedbytherightsortofpeople.Well,thatwasenough.4Ontheotherhandheneverallowedchurches—orbanks—todictatetohim.Hegaveeachtherespectthatwasduetoitfromhispointofview;buthealsoexpectedfromeachofthemtherespecthefeltduetohim.5Astocreeds,heknewnothingaboutthem,andcarednothingeither;yetheseemedtoknowwhichsecthebelongedwith.Ithadtobeasectwiththeminimumofnonsenseaboutit;nototalimmersion,noexhorters,noholyconfession.HewouldhavebeenaUnitarian,naturally,ifhe'dlivedinBoston.SincehewasarespectableNewYorker,hebelongedintheEpiscopalChurch.6Astolivingaspirituallife,henevertackledthatproblem.Somemenwhoacceptspiritualbeliefstrytoliveuptothemdaily;othermenwhorejectsuchbeliefs,trysometimestosmashthem.Myfatherwouldhavedisagreedwithbothkindsentirely.Hetookamoredistantattitude.Itdisgustedhimwhereatheistsattackedreligion:hethoughttheywerevulgar.Buthealsoobjectedtohavingreligionmakedemandsuponhim—hefeltthatreligionwastoovulgar,whenittriedtostirupmen'sfeelings.Ithaditsownproperfieldofactivity,anditwasallrightthere,ofcourse;buttherewasoneplacereligionshouldletalone,andthatwasaman'ssoul.HeespeciallyloathedanytalkofwalkinghandinhandwithhisSavior.AndifhehadeverfoundtheHolyGhosttryingtosoftenhisheart,hewouldhaveregardeditsbehaviorasdistinctlyuncalledfor;evenungentlemanly.23.Thewritersayshisfather'sideaofreligionseemedstraightforwardandsimplebecausehisfatherA.hadbeenborninnaturalsurroundingswithbanksandchurches.B.neverreallythoughtofGodashavingarealexistence.C.regardedreligionasacceptableaslongasitdidnotinterfere.D.regardedreligionasawaythathecouldliveaspirituallife.24.Thewriter'sfatherwouldprobablyagreewiththestatementthatA.bothspiritualistsandatheistsarevulgar.B.beingawareofdifferentcreedsisimportant.C.religionshouldexpectheartandsouldevotion.D.churcheslikebanksarenottobetrusted.TEXTDEtiquette1Insixteenth-centuryItalyandeighteenth-centuryFrance,waningprosperityandincreasingsocialunrestledtherulingfamiliestotrytopreservetheirsuperioritybywithdrawingfromthelowerandmiddleclassesbehindbarriersofetiquette.Inaprosperouscommunity,ontheotherhand,politesocietysoonabsorbsthenewlyrichandinEnglandtherehasneverbeenanyshortageofbooksonetiquetteforteachingthemthemannersappropriatetotheirnewwayoflife.2Everycodeofetiquettehascontainedthreeelements;basicmoralduties;practicalruleswhichpromoteefficiency;andartificial,optionalgracessuchasformalcomplimentsto,say,womenontheirbeautyorsuperiorsontheirgenerosityandimportance.3Inthefirstcategoryareconsiderationsfortheweakandrespectforage.AmongtheancientEgyptianstheyoungalwaysstoodinthepresenceofolderpeople.AmongtheMponguweofTanzania,theyoungmenbowastheypassthehutsoftheelders.InEngland,untilaboutacenturyago,youngchildrendidnotsitintheirparents'presencewithoutaskingpermission.4Practicalrulesarehelpfulinsuchordinaryoccurrencesofsociallifeasmakingproperintroductionsatpartiesorotherfunctionssothatpeoplecanbebroughttoknoweachother.Beforetheinventionofthefork,etiquettedirectedthatthefingersshouldbekeptascleanaspossible;beforethehandkerchiefcameintocommonuse,etiquettesuggestedthatafterspitting,apersonshouldrubthespitinconspicuouslyunderfoot.5Extremelyrefinedbehavior,however,cultivatedasanartofgraciousliving,hasbeencharacteristiconlyofsocietieswithwealthandleisure,whichadmittedwomenasthesocialequalsofmen.AfterthefallofRome,thefirstEuropeansocietytoregulatebehaviorinprivatelifeinaccordancewithacomplicatedcodeofetiquettewastwelfth-centuryProvince,inFrance.6Provincehadbecomewealthy.Thelordshadreturnedtotheircastlefromthecrusades,andtheretheidealsofchivalrygrewup,whichemphasizedthevirtueandgentlenessofwomenanddemandedthataknightshouldprofessapureanddedicatedlovetoaladywhowouldbehisinspiration,andtowhomhewoulddedicatehisvaliantdeeds,thoughhewouldnevercomephysicallyclosetoher.Thiswastheintroductionoftheconceptofromanticlove,whichwastoinfluenceliteratureformanyhundredsofyearsandwhichstilllivesoninadebasedforminsimplepopularsongsandcheapnovelstoday.7InrenaissanceItalytoo,inthefourteenthandfifteenthcenturies,awealthyandleisuredsocietydevelopedanextremelycomplexcodeofmanners,buttherulesofbehavioroffashionablesocietyhadlittleinfluenceonthedailylifeofthelowerclasses.Indeedmanyoftherules,suchashowtoenterabanquetroom,orhowtouseaswordorhandkerchiefforceremonialpurposes,wereirrelevanttothewayoflifeoftheaverageworkingman,whospentmostofhislifeoutdoorsorinhisownpoorhutandmostprobablydidnothaveahandkerchief,certainlynotasword,tohisname.8Yettheessentialbasisofallgoodmannersdoesnotvary.Considerationfortheoldandweakandtheavoidanceofharmingorgivingunnecessaryoffencetoothersisafeatureofallsocietieseverywhereandatalllevelsfromthehighesttothelowest.25.OnecharacteristicoftherichclassesofadecliningsocietyistheirtendencytoA.takeintherecentlywealthy.B.retreatwithinthemselves.C.producepublicationsonmanners.D.changethelawsofetiquette26.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanelementofthecodeofetiquette?A.Respectforage.B.Formalcompliments.C.Properintroductionsatsocialfunctions.D.Eatingwithaforkratherthanfingers.27.Accordingtothewriterwhichofthefollowingispartofchivalry?AknightshouldA.inspirehisladytoperformvaliantdeeds.B.performdeedswhichwouldinspireromanticsongs.C.expresshisloveforhisladyfromadistance.D.regardhisladyasstrongandindependent.28.Etiquetteasanartofgraciouslivingisquotedasafeatureofwhichcountry?A.Egypt.B.18thcenturyFrance.C.RenaissanceItaly.D.England.TEXTEConflictAndCompetition1Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld'sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthequestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.2Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thestruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.3Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandprosper,theunsuccessfuldeclinewhileitistruethatthiscompetitionmayinduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict,itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongothernationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.29.Accordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingisinevitable?A.War.B.Conflict.C.Competition.D.Cooperation.30.IntheanimalkingdomthestruggleforexistenceA.isevidenceoftheinevitabilityofconflictamongthefittest.B.arisesfromaneedtoliveingroups.C.isevidenceoftheneedtocompeteforscarceresources.D.arisesfromanaturaldesiretofight.SECTIONBSKIMMINGANDSCANNING(10MIN.Inthissectiontherearesevenpassagesfollowedbytenmultiple-choicequestions.Skimorscanthemasrequiredandthenanswerthequestions.TEXTFFirstreadthefollowingquestion.31.ThewriterbelievestheproblemsofchaosandnoisewillmostprobablyonlybesolvedbyA.thestudentsthemselves.B.thestudents'parents.C.thecollegeauthorities.D.thenewspaper.NowgothroughTEXTFquicklyandanswerquestion31.AngryResidentsGradgeCrescentRudwickSir,OntwooccasionssinceRudwickCollegeopenedyouhavegivenfrontpagereportsonthechaoticconditionsprevailingthere.Butwhilstchaosandupheavalreignsinthecollege,whatofthechaosandnoisethatlocalresidentsaresubjectedto?Carsareparkedonthepavement,and,stillworse,onthepavementsatstreetcorners.Thenoisefrommotorcyclesissuchthatattimesconversationisimpossible.Toaddtothis,ourstreetsarelitteredwithpaper,CocaColatinsandemptymilkbottles.Hugetransistorradiosarecarriedbystudentsatalltimesoftheday,blastingoutmisicsoloudlythatbabieswakeandoldpeopleareunabletotaketheirafternoonnaps.Allinall,wehavefoundstudents'behaviortobequiteintolerable.Weappealtostudents(whomwesupportfinanciallyviaourlocalauthorityratestohavesomeconsiderationforotherpeople.Andiftheyoungpeoplethemselveswon'tlistentowhatwesayandwesuspecttheywon't,thenperhapstheirparentsshouldknocksomesenseintotheirheads.Yoursfaithfully,JohnSmithTEXTGFirstreadthefollowingquestion.32.Inthepassagethewriter'stoneisA.critical.B.apatheticC.sympatheticD.neutral.NowgothroughTEXTGquicklyandanswerquestion32.RaceAboutone-fifthofthehighschoolstudentshereareboycottingclassestoprotestthereinstatementofaprincipalwhothreatenedtobaninterracialcouplesfromtheprom.TheboycottbeganonMondayasclassesresumedafterspringbreakforthe680studentsatRandolphCountyHighSchool.Itwasalsothefirstdaybackfortheprincipal,HulondHumphries,awhitemanwhowasreinstatedbya4-to-2voteoftheschoolboardafterbeingsuspendedonMarch14.Mr.Humphries,55,whohasbeenprincipalfor25years,declinedtocommentontheboycott.Theboycottwasorganizedbytheschoolboard'sonlyblackmember,CharlotteClark-Freison.ParentswhoattendedameetingonMondaynightdecidedtokeeptheirchildrenoutofschooltoday,saidMs.Clark-Freison.Agroupofparentstrave