初中英语语法专题讲座10-形容词

初中英语语法专题讲座——形容词初中英语语法专题讲座——形容词初中英语语法专题讲座——形容词初中英语语法专题讲座——形容词PAGEPAGE59PAGEPAGE58初中英语语法专题讲座——形容词【复习要点】一、形容词的基本用法：形容词是用来修饰名词或代词的，在句中可用作定语、表语和宾语补足语等。⑴Chinaisagreatcountryalonghistory.中国是一个历史悠久的国家。⑵用作后置定语形容词修饰不定代词或形容词短语修饰名词时需要后置例如：Hehassomethingimportanttotell他有重要的事告诉你Sheisagirlgoodatsinging. 她是一位擅长唱歌的女孩。wasrainyyesterday,buttodayitissunny.昨天下雨，今Yourmotherseemsangry.Themilkintheglasshasgonebad.Theleavesturnyellowinautumn.树叶在秋天变黄。注意：见的表语形容词有：afraid,alive,alone,asleep,glad,ill(生病的),ready,sorry,

三、形容词的比较等级：比较等级的构成：则变化和不规则变化两种。规则变化由原级＋-er构成比较级、原级＋-est构成最高级，如：smallsmallersmallest；形容词比较级的构成规则：①.单音节和部分双音节形容词或副词通常加后缀–er和–est构成比较级和最高级。如：long→longer→longest②.原级以字母e结尾，则只加-r和-st；如：large→larger→largest③.原级以辅音字母+y结尾，则应将y改为i，再加-er和-est构成比较级和最高级；如：busy→busier→busiest④.原级为重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母，则双写这个辅音字母后再加词尾-er和-est构成比较级和最高级。如：big→bigger→biggest⑤.多音节和部分双音节形容词在其前加more和most构成比较级和最高级如→moreuseful→mostuseful difficult→moredifficult→mostdifficult⑥.比较级和最高级的不规则变化如下表：sure,unable,well(等。例如：I’msorrynottohavebeenreadyfortheparty.Thechildrenwereasleepjustnow,butthey’reawake.Theywereunabletohelpus.他

原级bad/badly/病的)

比较级worse

最高级worst们没法帮助我们。

far

farther furtherfarthest（指距离）furthest（抽象的远）⑷用作宾语补足语。例如：Thenewsmadeherhappy.那个消息使她很开心。Wholeftthedooropen?是谁没把门关上？二、名词化的形容词：thedead,old,poor,rich,youngTheyoungarethehopeofthecountry.Thericharenotalwayshappy.有钱人并不总是快乐。

good/welllittlemany/muchold

betterlessmoreolder elder

bestleastmostoldest（强调年龄，指人、物）eldest（强调长幼，只指人）说明：⑴farther/farthest和further/furthest作为形容词都可以指距离。例如：Thevillagewasfather/furtherthanthebridge.那个村子比那座桥更远。Whatisthefarthest/furthestplaceyou’veeverbeento?你最远去过哪里？further―。例如：acollegeoffurthereducationHewillneedfurtherhelp.进一步的帮助。⑵elder/eldest只用于人，表示兄弟姐妹间的长幼（排行）elder指（年纪较大‖eldest（年纪最大elder不与than连用例如Heismyelderbrother. 他是我的哥哥（比较youngerbrother我的弟弟ismyeldestdaughter. 她是我的长女。（比较youngestdaughter我最小的女儿）比较等级的基本用法：形容词和副词都有比较等级的用法，以下内容含有对副词比较等级的介绍。―Aisas…asB.―A和BMaryisastallashersister.HecanspeaksEnglishaswellasanEnglishman.Shecanreadtwiceasfastashedoes.她阅读速度比他快一倍。―Aisnotas/so…asB.‖―A不如B……‖notnot…Thisroomisnotasbrightasthatone.Itisnotsohottodayasitwasyesterday.今天Hedoesn’tworkashardasme.(=…ashardasIdo.)他工作不及我努力。是―Ais-erthanB.‖―A比B……‖。例如：Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.Myroomissmallerthanyours.housesherearehigherthantheonesoverthere.这边的楼房比那边的楼房高。⑶最高级用于三者或三者以上之间进行比较并且其中一者程度最甚，其结构是―Aisthe-estof/in….―A……‖。形容词最高级前要用定theearthisbiggerthanthemoon.Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.

Soitisthebiggestofthethree.ThisbuildingisthetallestintheTomworkshardestinhisclass.汤姆在班上学习最努力。注意：最高级的比较范围如果是所在群体内的成员，就用of引出；如果是群体所在地，就用in,among等词引出。请比较：Thisisthebestpictureofthethree.这是三幅图画中最好的。Thisisthebestpictureinthehall.这是大厅中最好的图画。比较级前常见修饰语总结：比较级前可以有一个表示程度的状语，表示―……得多‖或―稍……‖之类的意思。①.比较级前可用alittle,abit,alittle―稍微一点alittlecoldertodaythanitwasyesterday.They’realittlebitbetternow.现在他们稍好一点儿了。②.比较级前可用much,far,byfar,alot,agooddeal,agreatdeal,rather等修饰，表示得多sagooddealbetter.Therearefarmorepeoplethanweexpected.人比我们预计的多得多。但该比较级通常只限于better如：He’squitebetternow.他现在好多了。③.比较级前可用even,still修饰，表示―更……‖。如：Itwasevencolderthanyesterday.今天比昨天还要冷。Thenextdayshegotupstillearlier.第二天她起床更早些。注意：①.very，quite，so，too等一般不修饰比较级，而多用来修饰原级。②.more可以构成比较级，一定不能修饰比较级。比较等级的特殊用法：⑴―the+ofthetwo（+复数名词表示……的‖OfthetwoboysMikeisthetallerone. 迈克是两个男孩中个子较高的一个。注意：比较级前一般不加the或出现了ofthetwo，这时比较级前一定要加the。例如：Whichisthelargercountry,CanadaorAustralian??（区别：Whichislarger,Canadaorthetwochosetheharder.在两项工作中他选择了较艰苦的那一个。下列句型中也要加the：Themorewegettogether,thehappierwe’llbe.⑵moreandmore表示越Hehasbecomebusierandbusiernow.他现在（变得）Computersarebecomingmoreandmoreimportantinourwork.电脑在我们的工作中变得越来越重要。Itisrainingmoreandmoreheavilynow.现在雨下得越来越大了。⑶themore…themore表示越…………‖。例如：Thebusierheis,thehappierhefeels.他越忙越高兴。ThemoreIseeit,thelessIlikeit.那样东西我越看越不喜欢。本结构常用省略句形式例如morethebetter. 越多越好多多益善soonerthebetter. 越早越好；（时间上）越快越好。⑷“oneof+the+ShanghaiisoneofthemostbeautifulcitiesinChina.Ourcityisoneofthesafestcitiesintheworld.OneofthemostimportantlanguagesisEnglish.最重要的语言之一是英语。比较结构的同义转换：⑴.原级与比较级之间的转换：①.英语的几种倍数表达方法:表示（+theearthisforth-ninetimesthesizeofthemoon.49倍大。如：Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone.这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍。

是……倍―+as++as+‖结构组成。例如：Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs.Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou.我有你三倍那么多。注意:用onc用twic用threetimes其他依次类推。②.notso/as...asZhangisn'tsooldasWang.→MissWangisolderthanMissZhang./MissZhangisyoungerthanMissWang.⑵.最高级与比较级之间的转换：①.最高级与比较+thananyother+名词单数之间的转换。如Huaistallestboyinhisclass.→Wei Huaistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass./WeiHuaistallerthantheotherboysinhisclass.②.最高级与比较级+thananyoftheother+名词复数/thantheothertwo之间的转换。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.→Robertisbetterthananyoftheotherstudentsintheschool.注意：比较级是同类别之间进行比较，不同类之间不可以比较：TheweatherhereismuchcolderthanBeijing.(F) TheweatherhereiscolderthanthatinBeijing.(T)ThepeopleinChinaaremorefriendlythanthoseinAmerica.TomhasshorterhairthanJim.=Tom’shairisshorterthanJim’s.Asmallroundtable一张小圆桌Atallwhitebuilding一幢高大的白色建筑物Adirtyoldblackshirt一件又脏又旧的黑色衬衣AfamousAmericanmedicalschool一个非常著名的美国医学院【考题分析】—InourEnglishstudy，readingismoreimportantthanspeaking,Ithink.—Idon’tagree.Speakingis reading.asimportantasB.soimportantasC.themostimportantD.thesameas分析as…as构一般用于肯定句，(not)soasA—Mum,couldyoubuymeadresslikethis? —Certainly,wecanbuy_thanthis,but this.abetter,betterthanB.aworse,asgoodasC.acheaper,asgoodasD.amoreimportant,notasgoodas分析thanthan，对照答案选项，可以看出不用比较级。另外再从句意上去考虑，不可能买“糟糕的（worse）”衣服，而应是“更便宜的衣服答：C3．Rememberthis,children. carefulyouare, mistakesyouwillmake.A.Themore,moreB.Thefewer,themoreC.Themore,thefewerD.Theless,theless分析：本题考点较多：首先是themore…themore结构；根据题意，第一个空Themoremistakes正确搭配的那个词，可在themoretheless：C4．Thatisan book,butIdon’tknowwhytheboywasnot init. (interest)分析：英语动词的现在分词和过去分词可以用作形容词。一般来说，现在分词作形容词具有主动意义，可用于人或物；过去分词作形容词具有被动意义，通常用于人。请比较：amazing令人惊愕的—amazed感到惊奇的exciting令人激动的—excited激动的interesting令人感兴趣的—interested感兴趣的pleasing(=pleasant)令人愉快的—pleased高兴的surprising使人惊奇的—surprised吃惊的worrying使人焦虑的—worried焦虑的

本题中，book应当是“令人感兴趣的”，而theboy则应对其“感兴趣”。案：interesting interested【巩固练习】一、选择填空：Thestorysounds .tobetrueB.astrueC.beingtrueD.trueTheseorangestaste .goodB.wellC.tobegoodD.tobewell—Mum,IthinkI’m togotoschool.—Notreally,mydear.You’dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.sowellB.sogoodC.wellenoughD.goodenoughHetoldus storythatweallforgotaboutthetime.suchaninterestingB.suchinterestingaC.soaninterestingD.asointerestingItisimpossibleforso workerstodoso workinoneday.few,muchB.few,manyC.little,muchD.little,many—Lucy,doyouhavearuler?—Yes,Ido.Butit’s .verysmalloneB.anonlysmallrulerC.quitesmallrulerD.onlyasmallone foodyouhavecooked!HowaniceB.WhataniceC.HowniceD.WhatniceTheyalllooked atthemasterandfeltquite .sad,sadB.sadly,sadC.sad,sadlyD.sadly,sadlyHe’dliketosleepwiththewindow atnight.openwideB.openwidelyCwideopenD.openedwideThelittleboylooks .lovelyB.carefullyC.heavilyD.sadlyTheUnitedStates,Britain,NewZealandandsoonare countries.speaking-EnglishB.English-speakingC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spokenThetripwas andeveryonewas withit.pleasant,pleasedB.pleased,pleasantC.pleased,pleasedD.pleasant,pleasant 28. Theboywasn’t atEnglish,butnowhedoes init.What news! A.anexcitingB.excitingC.anexcitedD.excitedThisisa storyabouta womanteacher.true,realB.real,trueC.truly,reallyD.really,trueCanyouretellthetextin English?Itisnot foryou.easy,hardlyB.easily,hardC.hard,easilyD.easy,hardHischildbrokethenewglass,butdoesn’tget .angrily B.angry C.well D.goodHewas thenextmorning.founddieB.founddyingC.founddeadD.founddeathJimwasjustfalling whenIcameintohisroomquietly.asleepB.sleepC.sleptD.sleptComputerscanhelppeopledo workin time.many,fewB.much,littleC.more,moreD.more,lessWhata cough!Youseem ill.terrible,terriblyB.terribly,terribleC.terrible,terribleD.terribly,terriblyThiskindofcakelooks andsmells .good,goodB.good,wellC.well,wellD.well,goodDidyounoticethe boyatthebackoftheclassroom?asleepB.sleepyC.sleepD.sleepsThere’s withyourmother.Don’tworry.somethingseriousB.anythingseriousC.nothingseriousD.seriousnothingTheteacherfoundhim boy.cleverB.wasacleverC.acleverD.isacleverLotsofvisitorscometoNanjingbecausesheis city.soabeautifulB.verybeautifulC.suchbeautifulaD.quiteabeautifulWefindit todosomereadingeveryday.easilyBbeenjoyableC.helpfulD.interestedLucysaidshehadn’theard musicbefore.suchabeautifulpieceofB.abeautifulC.sobeautifulD.suchawonderful

A.good,goodB.well,betterC.better,wellD.good,better childrenthereareinafamily, theirlifewillbe.Theless,thebetterB.Thefewer,thebetterC.Fewer,richerD.More,poorerNowChinahadjoinedWTO,soIthinkEnglishis usefulthanbefore.moreB.mostC.muchD.many二、下列各句中均有一处错误，请找出并改正：Hesavedasix-years-oldboyfromtheriveryesterday. CouldIaskforleave?Iwanttovisitanillauntinahospital. Thisquestionisveryimportantthanthatone. Heismyolderbrother.Theherefreshwaterisverygood. TheboysinClassOnearegoodatplayingfootballthanthoseinClassTwo.Heisluckilyenoughtogettheticketforthefootballmatch. We’llneverforgetthepleasedtriptoBeijing. Thelittleboylookssadly. Pleasetellthechildrentobecarefulincrossingafulloftrafficstreet.三、同义句转换（含副词练习）：LiuYingdoeswellinphysics.