浙江省部分地方2020-2021学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题精选汇编：阅读理解专题

浙江省部分地方2020-2021年高二下学期期末联考英语试题精选汇编阅读理解专题浙江省嘉兴市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末检测英语试题第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10个小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑.AAlbrechtDurerwasborninNurembergin1471,inpresentdayGermany.Hewasapainter,writerandengraver(雕刻师),buthisfirstandprobablygreatestartisticinfluencewasinthemediumofprintmaking.Albrecht’sfatherwasagoldsmith(金匠)andtheyoungAlbrechtnaturallybecamehisstudent,learningshapingandengravingjewelry.HealsostartedlearningfromalocalartistMichaelWolgemut,whospecializedinartisticwoodcutsforbooks.Durer’sfirstcontactwithartwasinthewoodcutprintingrange,soitislittlewonderthathewentontobecomeexpertinthisfield.Heactuallyexpandedthecraftofproducingpicturesforprinting,givingitmoredepth,andheraisedprint-makingintoanart-form.Towardstheendofthecentury(1497—1500),Durerproducedanimpressiveseriesofreligiouswoodcuts.Indeed,itwasin1513—1514thatDurerproducedthethreeextraordinaryengravings(“Knight,DeathandDeviP”;“Melencolia”;“SaintJeromeinhisCell”)thathadastronginfluenceontheartworldandcametobeknownastheMasterEngravings.Durer’ssuccessasaprintmakerrapidlyspreadacrossEurope.Hewashighlyawareofhisartisticimageandauthorship,whichisobviousinhisremarkablesignature.Ashisartbecameincreasinglyvaluable,Durer’ssignaturewasalwayscopied,whichevenledhimtoaccusetheengraverMarcantonioRaimondiofrepeatedlycopyinghisworksandsignatureandsellingthemoffasoriginals.Intheend,thecourtruledthatRaimondicouldcontinuemakingcopiesofDurer’s,aslongashedidn’treproducetheartist’ssignature.Durerdiedin1528andwasburiedinNuremberg.LikemostfamousItalianartists,Durerprobablyfelthimselftobean“artist-king”,andhisself-portraits(自画像)seemundoubtedlytoshowamansureofhisowngift.1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAlbrechtDurer?A.Open-minded. B.Generous. C.Easy-going. D.Talented.2.WhatdoweknowaboutDurer’sthreegreatengravings?A.Theyweremadewiththehelpofhisfather.B.Theywerecreatedintheearly16thcentury.C.Theywererecognizedasanewwayofpainting.D.Theywereinfluencedbytheartworldofhistime.3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph3?A.Durergotangrywiththecourt.B.Durer’ssignaturewaseasytocopy.C.Durer’sreputationasaprintmakerwashigh.D.DurerhadagoodrelationshipwithRaimondi.【答案】1.D2.B3.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了著名画家，作家和雕刻家AlbrechtDurer的生平事迹，特别强调了他在雕刻艺术方面的天赋和影响力。【1题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段内容对于AlbrechtDurer的描述“Hewasapainter,writerandengraver,buthisfirstandprobablygreatestartisticinfluencewasinthemediumofprintmaking.(他是一位画家、作家和雕刻家，但他的第一个可能也是最大的艺术影响是在版画的媒介上。)”可知，他在艺术方面的成就很大，且根据文章第二段“Heactuallyexpandedthecraftofproducingpicturesforprinting,givingitmoredepth,andheraisedprint-makingintoanart-form.(实际上，他扩大了为印刷而制作图片的工艺，赋予了它更大的深度，并将印刷术提升为一种艺术形式。)”可知，他在艺术方面很有自己的特点，由此可推知，他是一个有艺术天赋的人。故选D项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Indeed,itwasin1513—1514thatDurerproducedthethreeextraordinaryengravings(“Knight,DeathandDeviP”;“Melencolia”;“SaintJeromeinhisCell”)thathadastronginfluenceontheartworldandcametobeknownastheMasterEngravings.(事实上，正是在1513—1514年，杜勒创作了三幅非凡的版画（“骑士、死亡和德维普”；”“梅兰科利亚”；“圣杰罗姆在他的牢房”），对艺术界产生了强大的影响，并成为著名的雕刻大师。)”可知，这三幅作品是在1513年至1514年期间创作的，即，16世纪早期。故选B项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Ashisartbecameincreasinglyvaluable,Durer’ssignaturewasalwayscopied,whichevenledhimtoaccusetheengraverMarcantonioRaimondiofrepeatedlycopyinghisworksandsignatureandsellingthemoffasoriginals.(随着Durer的作品越来越有价值，他的签名总是被模仿，他甚至指责雕刻师MarcantonioRaimondi反复模仿他的作品和签名，然后当真品出售。)”可知，Durer的作品很有价值，以致于雕刻师MarcantonioRaimondi模仿他的作品和签名进行出售，由此可推知，作为版画家，Durer享有很高的声誉。故选C项。B“Won'tyoubemyneighbor?”isafamoussongfromMisterRogers'Neighborhood,apopularchildren'stelevisionshow.Theshow,broadcastfor31yearsandendingin2001,soughttoteachAmericanchildrentheimportanceofkindnessandunderstandingtowardsothers.ButrecentlyfewerandfewerAmericansseemtoknowtheirneighbors.ThatmaybedestroyingAmericanscommunities.MarcDunkelmanwroteabookcalled“TheVanishingNeighbor”.Init,heexaminedhowAmericancommunitieshavechangedovertime.DunkelmansaidmostAmericanshavethreelevelsofrelationships:Theinnercircleincludesfamilyandclosefriends.Themiddlecircleismorecasualrelationships.Peopleinthiscircleincludeneighborsandpeopleincommunitygroups.Theoutercircleincludespeoplewholivefarawaybutshareacommoninterest.Inhisbook,Dunkelmanarguedthatpeoplespendmostoftheirtimeandattentionontheinnerandoutercircles.Buthesaidthemiddle-circleisnecessarytostrengtheninglocalcommunities.Relationshipswithneighborsareimportantfordebate,hearingdifferentideasandfindingcompromise.Americansusedtohavemoremiddle-circlerelationships.Face-to-facecommunicationwasunavoidablewithoutcellphonesortheinternet.Peoplealsofeltmoreofadutytojoincommunityorganizations.Dunkelmanarguedthatmodernlifehasmademiddle-circlerelationshipslessimportant.Hesaidglobalization,educationandmorewomenintheworkforcehaveresultedinlessmiddle-circlecommunication.Americansmaybelosingwhatitmeanstobeagoodneighbor,asFredRogersofMisterRogersNeighborhoodtaught.However;doinggoodforaneighborishealthy“notjustforourneighborbutforourselvesaswell,”Dunkelmansaid.“Learninghowtobeagoodcitizencanbelostwhenwedefertheproblemtosomebodyelse.”4Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that"refertoinparagraph1?A.Thelackofclosetieswithneighbors. B.Thepopularityofchildren'sTVshows.C.Thewayofteachingchildrentobekind. D.Thepreviousknowledgeofcommunities.5Whatisabenefitofhavingmiddle-circlerelationships?A.Preventingdigitalharm. B.Sharingopinionswithothers.C.Bearingmorefamilyresponsibilities. D.Raisingawarenessofhealthproblems.6.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.HowtoGetAlongwithNeighbors? B.TheInner-circleortheMiddle-circle?C.WhyareAmericansBecomingDistant? D.AreAmericanCommunitiesDisappearing?【答案】4.A5.B6.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居，这一情况可能正在摧毁美国人的社区的社会现象。文章介绍了《消失的邻居》一书的作者对此的看法，以及这一现象可能导致的影响。【4题详解】词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“ButrecentlyfewerandfewerAmericansseemtoknowtheirneighbors.”以及后文“maybedestroyingAmericanscommunities”可知，最近越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居，即与邻居缺乏亲密关系可能正在摧毁美国人的社区。故画线词指的是“与邻居缺乏亲密关系”。故选A。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Buthesaidthemiddle-circleisnecessarytostrengtheninglocalcommunities.Relationshipswithneighborsareimportantfordebate,hearingdifferentideasandfindingcompromise.(但他说，中间圈子对于加强当地社区是必要的。与邻居的关系对于辩论、听取不同意见和寻求妥协都很重要)”可知，拥有中间圈子的关系可以与他人分享意见。故选B。【6题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“ButrecentlyfewerandfewerAmericansseemtoknowtheirneighbors.ThatmaybedestroyingAmericanscommunities.(但是最近越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居。这可能正在摧毁美国人的社区)”结合文章主要说明了越来越少的美国人认识他们的邻居，这一情况可能正在摧毁美国人的社区的社会现象。文章介绍了《消失的邻居》一书的作者对此的看法，以及这一现象可能导致的影响。可知，D选项“美国社区正在消失吗？”最符合文章标题。故选D。CInanageofonlineshopping,commercialalgorithmsandstreamedentertainment,mostofusrarelyfaceuptothingsthathavenotbeendigitallymatchedtoourpreviousinterestsorprejudices.Fewwillhaveavoidedthesuggestion“ifyou'veenjoyedX,thenyou'lllikeYandZ”astheysurftheinternetlookingforbooks,filmsormusic.”Butnowthereareeffortstofightbackagainstit.Inboththeartsandthemedia,aseriesofnewprojectsarecelebratingtheimportanceofcomingacrosstheunexpected.Anewself-helpbookbyNeilFarber;anAmericanacademicanddoctorfocusesonthevitalrolethatchanceplaysinenrichingourlivesandthoughts.Anunconventionalservice,TradeJournalCooperativeisofferingtosendarandompublicationdirecttoyourdoorfourtimesayear,fromProfessionalPastatoAmericanFuneralDirectororPlumberMagazine.Anewradioapp,Stack,deliberatelydeliversmusicchosenbysomeoneelse.Stackhasbeensetupinresponsetothevastareasofunknownmusicavailabletodownload.ThemusiconStackisinsteadchosenbyanumberofDJsandmusiciansand,importantly,listenerscannotinfluencewhatitplays.“It'snotdesignedaroundyourusage,”saysWigram,whoisanartdealer.“Butitremovestheanxietyofhavingto'like',or'liking'somethingbymistake,andsuddenlybeingrecommendedtracksthatyoudon'tevenlike.Algorithmsreducediversityandchance.Andit'sthatelementofchance,ofdiscoveringanewtrack,thatanalgorithmcan'tcompetewith.Idobelievethathumanbeingscandoitbetterthanalgorithms.”Sothehopeforaninterestingfuture,accordingtoWigram,dependsuponagoodmixofblindchanceandtrustedhumanrecommendations—abitliketheshelvesoftheoldindependentrecordstoresandbookshops.7.Whatismainlytalkedaboutinparagraph1?A.Adilemmafacinginternetusers.B.Asuggestiongivenbyinternetproviders.C.Anonlinephenomenonrelatedtopreference.D.Anopendiscussionconcerningonlineshopping.8.Whyaretheexamplesinparagraph3mentioned?A.Toindicatetheinfluenceofthemedia. B.Toexplaintheoperationofnewprojects.C.Toprovethesuccessofacreativeservice. D.Toshowthesignificanceofchanceinlife.9.HowdoestheappStackhelplistenerschooseasong?A.Byofferingexpertrecommendations. B.Bymakinguseofalgorithms.C.Byremovingtheanxietyofmusicians. D.Byprovidingplentyofsongs.10.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Topromoteahealthydigitallifestyle.B.Togivehelpfultipsonhowtomakechoices.C.Toadvocateanewwayoutofalgorithms'control.D.Tointroducedifferenttypesofmarketingservices.【答案】7.C8.D9.A10.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今在一个充斥着在线购物、商业算法和流媒体娱乐的时代，我们中的大多数人很少会面对那些与我们以前的兴趣或偏见不相符的数字事物，但现在有人在努力反击，提出了一种摆脱算法控制的新方法，文章就这种方法举出了具体的例子。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Inanageofonlineshopping,commercialalgorithmsandstreamedentertainment,mostofusrarelyfaceuptothingsthathavenotbeendigitallymatchedtoourpreviousinterestsorprejudices.Fewwillhaveavoidedthesuggestion“ifyou'veenjoyedX,thenyou'lllikeYandZ”astheysurftheinternetlookingforbooks,filmsormusic.(在一个充斥着在线购物、商业算法和流媒体娱乐的时代，我们中的大多数人很少会面对那些与我们以前的兴趣或偏见不相符的数字事物。当他们上网寻找书籍、电影或音乐时，很少有人会避免这样的建议：“如果你喜欢X，那么你就会喜欢Y和Z”)”可知，第一段主要讲了一个与偏好相关的网络现象。故选C。【8题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“Anewself-helpbookbyNeilFarber;anAmericanacademicanddoctorfocusesonthevitalrolethatchanceplaysinenrichingourlivesandthoughts.Anunconventionalservice,TradeJournalCooperativeisofferingtosendarandompublicationdirecttoyourdoorfourtimesayear,fromProfessionalPastatoAmericanFuneralDirectororPlumberMagazine.(NeilFarber的一本新自助书；一位美国学者兼医生专注于机会在丰富我们的生活和思想中所起的重要作用。这是一项非传统的服务，行业杂志合作社每年提供四次随机的出版物直接送到你家门口，从《专业意大利面》到《美国殡仪馆主任》或《管道工杂志》)”可推知，提到第三段的例子是为了表明生命中机会的重要性。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“ThemusiconStackisinsteadchosenbyanumberofDJsandmusiciansand,importantly,listenerscannotinfluencewhatitplays.(Stack上的音乐是由许多DJ和音乐家选择的，重要的是，听众不能影响它播放什么)”可知，Stack应用程序通过提供专家建议，帮助听众选择歌曲。故选A。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Algorithmsreducediversityandchance.Andit'sthatelementofchance,ofdiscoveringanewtrack,thatanalgorithmcan'tcompetewith.Idobelievethathumanbeingscandoitbetterthanalgorithms.(算法减少多样性和机会。正是这种偶然的因素，发现了一条新赛道，这是算法无法匹敌的。我确实相信人类能比算法做得更好)”结合文章主要说明了如今在一个充斥着在线购物、商业算法和流媒体娱乐的时代，我们中的大多数人很少会面对那些与我们以前的兴趣或偏见不相符的数字事物，但现在有人在努力反击，提出了一种摆脱算法控制的新方法，文章就这种方法举出了具体的例子。可推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是提倡一种摆脱算法控制的新方法。故选C。浙江省宁波市九校2020-2021学年高二下学期期末联考英语试题第二部分:阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节:(共15小题:每小题2分,满分30分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中,选出最佳选项。AInmanyrespectsonecouldcallJohnBeltzertheworld'smostsuccessfulsongwriter.Everysongthathewritesisguaranteedtobearealhitnotonthepopularitycharts,butinachild’sheart.ThereasonforthisisthateverysongthatBeltzerwritesisforaseriouslyillchild.Thesongsneverfailtomakethechildrensmileandtoraisetheirspirits.Theyalsoplaythemoverandover.ThismeansmorebyfartoBeltzerthanbeingrankedhighonthepopularitycharts.Thirty-eightyearoldBeltzeristhefounderandpresidentofSongsofLove,anonprofitgroup.Thisgroupcombinesthevolunteereffortsofmusicians,songwriters,singers,andstudiotechnicianstocreateunique,happysongsthatreflectachild'spersonality.Beltzerbelievesthatmusicisveryhealing.Whenanadultlistenstoafavoritesong,itmakeshimfeelgood:thuswhenalittlechildlistenstoasongwrittenjustforhim,theresultisveryuplifting.Sinceitsfoundingin1996,SongsofLovehasbeenresponsibleforthecomposition,tapingandsendingmorethan780songstochildreninlife-threateningconditions,allforfree.Unmarriedwithnochildrenofhisown,Beltzerhadneverthoughtmuchaboutwritingsongsforchildren.Hesaysthatonedaywhilehewaswalkingdownthestreettheideacametohimandheinstantlyfeltthathecouldmakeasuccessofit.HewenthomeandcalledStJude'sChildren'sResearchHospitalinMemphis,Tennessee.Hetoldthemhewantedtowritesongsforseriouslyillchildren,andwrotesixsongsinfourdays.Uponreceivingthesongs,thehospitalcalledhimwithhighpraise.Soonafterthatthemotherofalittlegirlwithcancercalledhimtothankhimandthenthelittlegirlherselfdidso.Atthatpointheknewthatthiswashis“calling”.Asistruewithmostcharitableventures,SongsofLoveisalmostalwaysinneedofmoney.Tohelpinthisrespect,Beltzerhasmovedbackhometolivewithhisretiredparents,whoalsohelpsupporthiswork.Hislong-termgoalistoofferSongsofLovetopatientsofallages,includingnursinghomeresidentsandthementallyill.Amongothereffortstoraisemoney,BeltzersellsCDsandtapes,expectingmuchbiggersales.Meanwhile,BeltzerhimselfcontinuestobethemostproductivewriterinSongsofLove,makingsurethatallrequestsforsongswrittenforcriticallyillchildrenwillbemet.1.WhyisJohnBeltzer,tosomeextent,calledtheworld'smostsuccessfulsongwriter?A.Everysonghecomposestendstobeahit.B.Allsongsareplayedoverandoveragain.C.Hissongsareintendedspeciallyforthoseunluckychildren.D.Heaswellashissongsalwaysenjoysagrandpopularity.2.Whichwordcanreplacetheunderlinedword“uplifting”inparagraph3?A.Satisfactory. B.Adequate.C.Inspirational. D.Appropriate.3.Whatcanweinferfromthewholepassage?A.Beltzerhadhadtheideaofwritingsongsforseriouslyillchildrenlongbeforeactuallydoingso.B.ThehospitalinTennesseedidn'trespondtoBeltzer'srequestimmediatelyandpositively.C.SongwritingistheonlysourceofincomeforSongsofLove.D.RunningcharitableactivitiesmakesBeltzer'sfinancereallytight.4.WhichofthefollowingwordscanbestdescribeJohnBeltzer?A.Socialandintelligent. B.Compassionateandconsiderate.C.Conventionalandpatient. D.Confidentandambitious.【答案】1.C2.C3.D4.B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。38岁的Beltzer是非营利组织“爱之歌”的创始人和主席，他写的每首歌都是写给重病儿童的，受到孩子们的热烈欢迎。文章讲述了Beltzer的故事。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第三句“Everysongthathewritesisguaranteedtobearealhitnotonthepopularitycharts,butinachild’sheart.ThereasonforthisisthateverysongthatBeltzerwritesisforaseriouslyillchild.(他写的每首歌都保证会成为真正的热门，不是在流行排行榜上，而是在孩子们的心中。原因是，Beltzer写的每首歌都是写给重病儿童的)”可知，因为他的歌是专门为那些不幸的孩子们写的，所以JohnBeltzer在某种程度上被称为世界上最成功的作曲家。故选C。【2题详解】词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“Beltzerbelievesthatmusicisveryhealing.(贝尔茨认为音乐具有治愈作用)”和第二句“Whenanadultlistenstoafavoritesong,itmakeshimfeelgood(当一个成年人听喜欢的歌曲。这让他感觉很好)”可知，此处是指小孩子听到专门为自己写的歌曲，结果是令人振奋的。由此推知，划线词uplifting意为“令人振奋的”。故选C。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句和第二句“Asistruewithmostcharitableventures,SongsofLoveisalmostalwaysinneedofmoney.Tohelpinthisrespect,Beltzerhasmovedbackhometolivewithhisretiredparents,whoalsohelpsupporthiswork.(正如大多数慈善事业一样，“爱之歌”几乎总是需要钱。在这方面，Beltzer搬回家和他退休的父母住在一起，他们也帮助支持他的工作)”可知，经营慈善活动使Beltzer的财政非常紧张。故选D。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Thirty-eightyearoldBeltzeristhefounderandpresidentofSongsofLove,anonprofitgroup.(38岁的Beltzer是非营利组织“爱之歌”的创始人和主席)”可知，Beltzer经营着为不幸的孩子写歌的非营利组织，所以他很有同情心，根据最后一段第三句“Hislong-termgoalistoofferSongsofLovetopatientsofallages,includingnursinghomeresidentsandthementallyill.(他的长期目标是把“爱之歌”献给所有年龄段的病人，包括疗养院的居民和精神病患者)”可知，Beltzer不仅关心重病的孩子，也关心所有年龄段的病人，所以他是一个很体贴的人。故选B。BWhydosomepeoplelivetobeolderthanothers?Youknowthestandardexplanations:keepingamoderatediet,engaginginregularexercise,etc.butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.Thestudyshowsthatthoselivingthelongestaremoreoutgoing,moreactiveandlessneurotic(神经质的)thanotherpeople.Long-livingwomenarealsomorelikelytobesympatheticandcooperativethanwomenwithanormallifespan.Thesefindingsareinagreementwithwhatyouwouldexpectfromtheevolutionarytheory:thosewholiketomakefriendsandhelpotherscangatherenoughresourcestomakeitthroughtoughtimes.Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.Also,beingopentonewideashadnorelationshiptolonglife,whichmightexplainallthosebad-temperedoldpeoplewhoarefixedintheirways.Whetheryoucansuccessfullychangeyourpersonalityasanadultisthesubjectofalongstandingpsychologicaldebate.Butthenewpapersuggeststhatifyouwantlonglife,youshouldstrivetobeasoutgoingaspossible.Unfortunately,anotherrecentstudyshowsthatyourmother'spersonalitymayalsohelpdetermineyourlongevity.Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.Personalityisn'tdestiny,andeveryoneknowsthatindividualscanlearntochange.Butbothstudiesshowthatlonglifeisn'tjustamatterofyourphysicalhealthbutofyourmentalhealth.5.TheaimofthestudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietyis________.A.toseewhetherpeople'spersonalityaffectstheirlifespanB.toexplainone'slifestyleinfluencestheirhealthC.toinvestigatetheroleofexerciseinlivingalonglifeD.toexamineallthefactorscontributingtolongevity6.Whatfindingofthestudymightprovesomewhatoutofourexpectation?A.Easy-goingpeoplecanalsolivearelativelylonglifeB.PersonalitycharacteristicsthatproveadvantageousactuallyvarywithtimesC.Suchpersonalitycharacteristicsasself-disciplinehavenoeffectonlongevityD.Readinesstoacceptnewideashelpsoneenjoylongevity7.WhatdoestherecentstudyofNorwegianmothersshow?A.Children'spersonalitycharacteristicsarealwaysdeterminedbytheirmothers.B.PeoplewithunhealthyeatinghabitsarelikelytodiesoonerC.Mothers'influenceonchildrenmaylastlongerthanfathersD.Mothers'negativepersonalitycharacteristicsmayaffecttheirchildren'slifespans【答案】5.A6.C7.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，长寿不仅与身体健康有关，而且也与精神健康有关，研究还发现长寿的人更开朗，生活更积极，而母亲的性格也会影响孩子的寿命。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“AnewstudyintheJournaloftheAmericanGeriatricsSocietylookedatthisquestionbyexaminingthepersonalitycharacteristicsof246childrenofpeoplewhohadlivedtobeatleast100.(《美国老年病学学会杂志》发表的一项新研究对246名活到100岁以上的老人的子女的性格特征进行了研究，以此来解决这一问题)”，其中thisquestion即此项研究的目的，指代的是上文“butwhateffectdoesyourpersonalityhaveonyourlongevity?Dosomekindsofpersonalitiesleadtolongerlives?(但是你的性格对你的寿命有什么影响呢?某些性格会导致长寿吗?)”可知，这项发表在《美国老年医学会杂志》上的研究的目的是看看人们的性格是否会影响他们的寿命。故选A项。【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Interestingly,however,othercharacteristicsthatyoumightconsideradvantageoushadnoimpactonwhetherstudyparticipantswerelikelytolivelonger.Thosewhoweremoreself-disciplined,forinstance,werenomorelikelytolivetobeveryold.(然而，有趣的是，其他你可能认为有利的特征对研究参与者是否可能更长寿没有影响。例如，那些更自律的人活到很老的可能性不会更高)”可知，这项研究发现自律等人格特征对寿命没有影响，这可能有些出乎我们的意料。故选C项。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Thatstudylookedatnearly28,000Norwegianmothersandfoundthatthosemomswhoweremoreanxious,depressedandangryweremorelikelytofeedtheirkidsunhealthydiets.Patternsofchildhoodeatingcanbehardtobreakwhenwe'readults,whichmaymeanthatkidsofdepressedmomsendupdyingyounger.(这项研究调查了近2.8万名挪威母亲，发现那些较为焦虑、抑郁和生气的母亲更有可能给孩子喂不健康的饮食。当我们成年后，儿童时期的饮食习惯在成年后很难改变，这可能意味着抑郁母亲的孩子最终会更早死亡)”可知，最近对挪威母亲的研究表明了母亲的消极人格特征可能会影响孩子的寿命。故选D项。CPeoplehavebeenpaintingpicturesforatleast30,000years.Theearliestpictureswerepaintedbypeoplewhohuntedanimals.Theyusedtopaintpicturesoftheanimalstheywantedtocatchandkill.PicturesofthiskindhavebeenfoundonthewallsofcavesinFranceandSpain.Nooneknowswhytheywerepaintedthere,Perhapsthepaintersthoughtthattheirpictureswouldhelpthemtocatchtheseanimals.Orperhapshumanbeingshavealwayswantedtotellstoriesinpictures.About5,000yearsago,theEgyptiansandotherpeopleintheNearEastbegantousepicturesaskindofwriting.Theydrewsimplepicturesorsignstorepresentthingsandideas,andalsotorepresentthesoundsoftheirlanguage.Thesignsthesepeopleusedbecameakindofalphabet.TheEgyptiansusedtorecordinformationandtotellstoriesbyputtingpicturewritingandpicturestogether.Whenanimportantpersondied,scenesandstoriesfromhislifewerepaintedandcarvedonthewallsoftheplacewherehewasburied.Someofthesepicturesarelikemoderncomicstripstories.IthasbeensaidthatEgyptisthehomeofthecomicstrip.But,fortheEgyptians,picturesstillhadmagicpower.Sotheydidnottrytomaketheirwayofwritingsimple.Theordinarypeoplecouldnotunderstandit.Bytheyear1,000BC,peoplewholivedintheareaaroundtheMediterraneanSeahaddevelopedasimplersystemofwriting.Thesignstheyusedwereveryeasytowrite,andtherewerefewerofthemthanintheEgyptiansystem.Thiswasbecauseeachsign,orletter,representedonlyonesoundintheirlanguage.TheGreeksdevelopedthissystemandformedthelettersoftheGreekalphabet.TheRomanscopiedtheidea,andtheRomanalphabetisnowusedallovertheworld.Thesedays,wecanwritedownastory,orrecordinformation,withoutusingpictures.Butwestillneedpicturesofallkinds:drawing,photographs,signsanddiagrams.Wefindthemeverywhere:inbooksandnewspapers,inthestreet,andonthewallsoftheplaceswhereweliveandwork.Pictureshelpustounderstandandrememberthingsmoreeasily,andtheycanmakeastorymuchmoreinteresting.8.PicturesofanimalswerepaintedonthewallsofcavesinFranceandSpainbecause________.A.thehuntersappreciatedthepictures.B.thepaintersadvocatedprotectinganimalsC.thepaintershadsuperbtalentandimagination.D.thepictureswereconsideredhelpful9.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.TheEgyptiansignslaterbecameaparticularalphabetB.TheEgyptianslikedtowritecomicstripstoriesC.TheRomanalphabetwasdevelopedfromtheEgyptianone.D.TheGreekscopiedtheirwritingsystemfromtheEgyptians10.Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A.Amagazine.B.Atraveljournal.C.Aguidebook.D.Asciencereport.【答案】8.D9.A10.A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了图画和文字的发展和对我们生活的影响。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“PicturesofthiskindhavebeenfoundonthewallsofcavesinFranceandSpain.Nooneknowswhytheywerepaintedthere,Perhapsthepaintersthoughtthattheirpictureswouldhelpthemtocatchtheseanimals.Orperhapshumanbeingshavealwayswantedtotellstoriesinpictures.(在法国和西班牙的洞穴墙壁上发现了这类画。没有人知道它们为什么被画在那里，也许画这些画的人认为这些画可以帮助他们捕捉这些动物。或者也许人类一直想用图片来讲述故事)”可知，在法国和西班牙，人们在洞穴墙壁上画动物，因为人们认为这些画会帮助他们捕捉这些动物。故选D项。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Theydrewsimplepicturesorsignstorepresentthingsandideas,andalsotorepresentthesoundsoftheirlanguage.Thesignsthesepeopleusedbecameakindofalphabet.(他们画简单的图画或符号来代表事物和思想，也代表他们语言的声音。这些人使用的符号变成了一种字母表)”可知，埃及符号后来成为一种特殊的字母表。故选A项。10题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Peoplehavebeenpaintingpicturesforatleast30,000years.(人类画画至少有3万年的历史了)”，第二段中“About5,000yearsago,theEgyptiansandotherpeopleintheNearEastbegantousepicturesaskindofwriting.(大约5000年前，埃及人和近东的其他人开始使用图画作为一种书写方式)”，第三段中“Bytheyear1,000BC,peoplewholivedintheareaaroundtheMediterraneanSeahaddevelopedasimplersystemofwriting.(到公元前1000年，生活在地中海周围地区的人们已经发展出了一种更简单的书写系统)”以及最后一段中“Thesedays,wecanwritedownastory,orrecordinformation,withoutusingpictures.Butwestillneedpicturesofallkinds:drawing,photographs,signsanddiagrams.Wefindthemeverywhere:inbooksandnewspapers,inthestreet,andonthewallsoftheplaceswhereweliveandwork.(现在，我们可以写下一个故事，或记录信息，而不使用图片。但我们仍然需要各种各样的图片：图画、照片、标志和图表)”可知，本文主要是科普知识，介绍了图画和文字的发展和对我们生活的影响，因此这篇文章最可能出自一本杂志。故选A项。浙江省湖州市2020-2021学年高二下学期期末调研测试英语试题第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分35分)第一节 10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25阅读下列短文，从每题所给的和D卡上将该项涂黑。AInthe1994Gump,afamousaboxofchocolates;neverknowwhatyou’regonnaThesurprisepartofthefun.Nowblindboxarebringingtheofsurpriseonlineshopping.Ablindboxtoyhiddeninsideuniformpackagingbutfromtheoutside.knowwhatbeinside,althoughthetypicallycomefrompopculture,rangingfromcomicsandcartoons.boxeshavecaughtonsincetheywereintroducedfromJapanChina2014.Accordinga2019report,themini-seriesofLabubublindbox,designedbyHongKong-bornKasingwasnamedChampionofUnitSales55,000soldjust9secondsduringtheSinglesDayshoppingevent.Mostcustomersareyoungpeopleaged1835.AccordingTheblindboxarepopularpartlybecauseoftheircuteappearances.Thetypicallycutecartooncomeminiaturemakingthemsuitablefordisplayanywhere.Evenblindboxesarenottheirtopchoicefordecorations,themysteryanduncertaintyoftheprocessalsoattractspeople.thedominantreasonwhypeoplebuyblindboxesoneafter高二英语试题卷高二英语试题卷第4页共页“Fearoftheunknownpartofthebox-openingprocess,”saidCao,24,wholivesandShenyang.SpeakingNews,shesaid:openalltheboxes,cannotknowwhatOpeningabl