三笔实务真题05-11

三笔实务真题05-11三笔实务真题05-11三笔实务真题05-11资料仅供参考文件编号：2022年4月三笔实务真题05-11版本号：A修改号：1页次：1.0审核：批准:发布日期：2005年11月三级笔译实务试题英译汉

TheGapBetweenRichandPoorWidenedinU.S.CapitalWashingtonD.C.ranksfirstamongthe40citieswiththewidestgapbetweenthepoorandtherich,accordingtoarecentreportreleasedbytheD.C.FiscalPolicyInstituteonJuly22nd.Thetop20percentofhouseholdsinD.C.haveanaverageyearlyincomeof$186,830,31timesthatofthebottom20percent,whichearnsonly$6,126peryear.TheincomegapisalsobiginAtlantaandThereportalsoindicatesthatthewideninggapoccurredmainlyduringthe1990s.Overthelastdecade,theaverageincomeofthetop20percentofhouseholdshasgrown36percent,whiletheaverageincomeofthebottom20percenthasonlyrisen3percent."Ibelievetheconcentrationofthemiddle-tohigh-incomefamiliesintheD.C.areawillcontinue,therefore,theincomegapbetweenrichandpoorwillbehardtobridge,"DavidGarrisontoldtheWashingtonObserver.GarrisonisaseniorresearcherwiththeBrookingsInstitution,specializinginthestudyofthesocialandeconomicpoliciesinthegreaterWashingtonThereportattributedthepersistentincomegapinWashingtontothearea'sspecialjobopportunities,whichattracthigh-incomehouseholds.EspeciallysincethefederalgovernmentisbasedinWashingtonD.C.,Governmentagenciesandothergovernmentrelatedbusinessessuchaslobbyingfirmsandgovernmentcontractorsconstantlyofferhigh-payingjobs,whichcontributetothetrendofincreasinghigh-incomehouseholdsintheD.C.area.Forexample,asingley"Inaddition,high-qualityhousingavailableinWashingtonD.C.isoneofthemainreasonswhyhigh-incomefamilieschoosetolivehere,whilemiddleandlow-incomefamilies,iftheycanaffordit,choosetomoveoutofWashingtonD.C.totheVirginiaandMarylandsuburbssothattheirkidscangotobetterschools,"statedGarrison.

"AsrichfamiliescontinuetomoveintoD.C.andmiddleandlow-incomefamiliesaremovingout,thepoorestfamiliesareleftwithnowheretomove,orcannotaffordtomove.Thiscreatesthesituationwefacenow:ahugeincomegapbetweentherichandpoor."

TheWashingtonD.C.areatowhichGarrisonrefersistheDistrictofColumbiacityitself,notincludingthegreaterWashingtonmetroarea."ThegreaterWashingtonmetroareahasalargepopulationofabout5million,butthelow-incomehouseholdsareoftenconcentratedinD.C.proper,"Garrisonexplained.

TonyBlalock,thespokespersonforMayorAnthonyWilliams,saidresignedly,"NomatterwhatweseemtodotobringinvestmentintotheDistrict,acertainpopulationisnotabletoaccesstheuniqueemploymentopportunitiesthere.Thegapbetweentherichandpooristheproductofcomplexforces,andwon'tbefixedovernight."

GarrisonbelievesthattheD.C.governmentshouldattracthigh-incomefamilies.Bydoingso,theDistrict'staxbasecangrow,whichinturncanhelpimproveD.C.'sinfrastructure."Butinthemeantime,theDistrictgovernmentshouldalsotakeintoconsiderationtherightsofthepoor,setupgoodschoolsforthem,andprovidesoundsocialwelfare.Allthesemeasurescanalleviatethediresituationcausedbyincomedisparity."

Garrison,however,isnotoptimisticaboutthepossibilityofclosingthegapbetweentherichandpoor.Heisparticularlydoubtfulthatcurrenteconomicprogresswillbeabletohelpoutthepoor."Bush'stax-cutplandidbringaboutthiswaveofeconomicrecovery,andtheworkingprofessionalsandrichdidbenefitfromit.Itisunfairtosaythattheplandidnothelpthepooratall…itjustdidn'tbenefitthemasmuchasitdidtherich,"Garrisonsaid."TheworkingclassinAmerica,thosewhodothesimplestwork,getpaidtheleast,anddutifullypaytheirtaxes,hasnotbenefitedfromBush'stax-cutplanmuch."

Garrisonconcludes,"AlotofcitiesinAmericadidnotenjoythepositiveimpactoftheeconomicrecovery.Washington汉译英亚洲是我们共同的家园，亚洲的和平、稳定、发展关系到亚洲各国人民的共同命运。我们高兴地看到，在当前总体和平稳定的国际环境下，亚洲也迎来了有史以来较为稳定的和平发展时期。这就是一个最重要的新机会。在亚洲各国政府和人民的共同努力下，亚洲的发展正呈现出前所未有的良好态势，突出表现在：亚洲巨大的市场潜能逐步得到开发，亚洲各国和地区经济结构调整的成效显著，产业优化升级继续加快，经济持续快速发展，亚洲已成为全球经济最具活力的地区之一。“我们说，要把握亚洲寻求共赢的新机会，这又是一个新机会。”亚洲和平、稳定、发展的整体氛围，促进了亚洲区域合作进程的快速发展，一个平等、多元、开放、互利的地区合作新局面正在逐步形成。特别是以东亚、东盟、中亚、南盟、亚洲合作对话以及多双边自由贸易安排为标志，各种形式的区域、次区域经济合作蓬勃发展。这同样也是一个新机会。这些积极而重大的变化，既为推动亚洲区域合作提供了有利条件，也为亚洲各国和地区的发展带来了历史性机遇。“只要我们继续相互尊重、平等对待，把握发展的机会，把握住己的命运，就一定能够促进亚洲的发展与振兴，达致互利共赢的目标。”2006年5月英语三级笔译实务试题英译汉Freedbywarming,watersoncelockedbeneathicearegnawingatcoastalsettlementsaroundtheArcticCircle.InBykovsky,avillageof457onRussia'snortheastcoast,theshorelineiscollapsing,creepingcloserandclosertohousesandtanksofheatingoil,atarateof15to18feetayear.

"Itispracticallyallice-permafrost-anditisthawing."ForthefourmillionpeoplewholivenorthoftheArcticCircle,achangingclimatepresentsnewopportunities.Butitalsothreatenstheirenvironment,theirhomesand,forthosewhosetraditionsrelyontheice-boundwilderness,thepreservationoftheirculture.

ApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbythemeltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsownrewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschurnthroughthefisheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Landthatwasuntouchedcouldbetaintedbypollutionasgenerators,smokestacksandlargevehiclessprouttosupportthegrowingenergyindustry.

CoastalerosionisaprobleminAlaskaaswell,forcingtheUnitedStatestopreparetorelocateseveralInuitvillagesataprojectedcostof$100millionormoreforeachone.

AcrosstheArctic,indigenoustribeswithtraditionsshapedbycenturiesoflivinginextremesofcoldandicearenoticingchangesinweatherandwildlife.Theyaretryingtoadapt,butitcanbeconfounding.

InFinnmark,Norway'snorthernmostprovince,theArcticlandscapeunfoldsinlatewinterasanendlesssnowyplateau,silentbutforthecriesofthereindeerandtheoccasionalwhineofasnowmobileherdingthem.

AchangingArcticisfeltthere,too."Thereindeerarebecomingunhappy,"saidIssatEira,a31-year-oldreindeerherder.

FewcountriesrivalNorwaywhenitcomestoprotectingtheenvironmentandpreservingindigenouscustoms.Thestatehaslavisheditsoilwealthontheregion,andSamiculturehasenjoyedsomethingofarenaissance.

AndyetnoamountofgovernmentsupportcanconvinceMr.Eirathathislivelihood,intractablyentwinedwiththereindeer,isnotabouttochange.LikeaTexascattleman,hekeepsthesizeofhisherdsecret.Buthesaidwarmertemperaturesinfallandspringweremeltingthetoplayersofsnow,whichthenrefreezeasice,makingitharderforhisreindeertodigthroughtothelichentheyeat.

"Thepeoplewhoaremakingthedecisions,theyarelivinginthesouthandtheyarelivingintowns,"ApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbythemeltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsownrewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschurnthroughthefisheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Landthatwasuntouchedcouldbetaintedbypollutionasgenerators,smokestacksandlargevehiclessprouttosupportthegrowingenergyindustry.汉译英维护世界和平，促进共同发展，谋求合作共赢，是各国人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的当今时代潮流。中国高举和平、发展、合作的旗帜，坚持走和平发展道路，与世界各国一道，共同致力于建设一个持久和平、共同繁荣的和谐世界。

中国与世界从未像今天这样紧密相连。中国政府把中国人民的根本利益与各国人民的共同利益结合起来，坚持奉行防御性的国防政策。中国的国防服从和服务于国家发展战略和安全战略，旨在维护国家安全统一，确保实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标。中国永远是维护世界和平、安全、稳定的坚定力量。

中国在经济不断发展的基础上推进国防和军队现代化，是适应世界新军事变革发展趋势、维护国家安全和发展利益的需要。中国不会与任何国家进行军备竞赛，不会对任何国家构成军事威胁。新世纪新阶段，中国把科学发展观作为国防和军队建设的重要指导方针，积极推进中国特色军事变革，努力实现国防和军队建设全面协调可持续发展。

2006年11月英语三级笔译实务试题英译汉Facedwithgrowingevidencethatavianinfluenzaisspreadinginbirds,theWorldHealthOrganizationonWednesdaysignedanagreementwiththeSwisspharmaceuticalcompanyRocheHoldingtobuildupitsstockpileofmedicinesincaseofapandemicinhumans.Undertheagreement,RochewillreservethreemilliontreatmentsofitsTamifluantiviralmedicineforusebytheUNagencyincaseofaworldwidehumanpandemicofavianflu."It'sjustenoughtodealwithaninitialoutbreak,"saidJong-WookLee,director-generaloftheWHO."Butclearlythisisnotenoughtodealwithafullpandemic.""It'sjustenoughtodealwithaninitialoutbreak,"saidJong-WookLee,director-generaloftheWHO."Butclearlythisisnotenoughtodealwithafullpandemic."Theagencysaysonly57peopleinIndonesia,Vietnam,ThailandandCambodiahavedied,mainlyfromcontactwithinfectedbird

Sustainedhuman-to-humaninfectionhasnotyetbeenrecorded.ButtheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatbirdflu,whichfirstappearedinHongKongin1997,couldmutategenetically,makingiteasierforhumanstocatchandtransmitthediseaseamongthemselves.

SignsthediseasehasspreadrecentlytobirdsinSiberiaandKazakhstanareaddingtoconcerns,theWHOsays.ApanelofEuropeanUnionexpertswillconveneThursdayinBrusselstodiscussmeasurestopreventthespreadofbirddeathstoEuropeanpoultry.

Whenaskedwhetherhethoughtawidespreadoutbreakinhumanswasimminent,Leesaid:"Wedon'tknowwhenitwillcome.ButitwouldbehugelyirresponsibleiftheWHOandmemberstatesdidnottakepreventivemeasuresnow."

RochedeclinedtogivefiguresforitsstockpilesofTamiflu.

Aspokeswomanforthecompany,MartinaRupp,saidittookfrom12to18monthstodeliverthedrugafteranorderwasplaced-arelativelylongtimeduetoacomplicatedproductionprocess.汉译英２５年来，中国坚定不移地推进改革开放，社会主义市场经济体制初步建立，开放型经济已经形成，社会生产力和综合国力不断增强，各项社会事业全面发展，人民生活总体上实现了由温饱到小康的历史性跨越。从１９７８年至２００３年的２５年间，中国经济年均增长９．４％。２５年前，中国年国内生产总值为１４７３亿美元，去年已达到１４０００多亿美元。２５年前，中国年进出口贸易总额为２０６亿美元，去年已达到８５１２亿美元。２５年前，中国外汇储备为１．６７亿美元，去年已达到４０３３亿美元。目前，中国经济总量居世界第六，进出口贸易总额居世界第四。中国之所以能够发生这样巨大的变化，最关键的原因是我们始终坚持走中国特色社会主义道路，始终坚持改革开放，激发了全体人民的积极性、主动性、创造性。中国虽然取得了很大的发展成就，但中国人口多，底子薄，生产力不发达，发展很不平衡，生态环境、自然资源与经济社会发展的矛盾比较突出。虽然中国人均国内生产总值已经突破１０００美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中国要实现现代化，使全体人民都过上富裕生活，还需要进行长期不懈的艰苦奋斗。我们已经明确了本世纪头２０年的奋斗目标，这就是全面建设惠及十几亿人口的更高水平的小康社会，到２０２０年实现国内生产总值比２０００年翻两番，达到４万亿美元，人均国内生产总值达到３０００美元，使经济更加发展、民主更加健全、科教更加进步、文化更加繁荣、社会更加和谐、人民生活更加殷实。2007年5月英语三级笔译实务试题英译汉部分IttooknineyearsfromthetimetheDanishandSwedishgovernmentsagreedtobuildafixedlinkbetweentheircountriestothetimethefirstcar,train,truckandbicyclistscrossedtheOresundBridge.Constructionofthebridge,includingdesignandcornerstone,beganinMarch1991andwascompletedinJuly2000.Today,itisthelongeststone-stayedroadandrailbridgeintheworld.Atapproximately10miles(16kilometers),includingthetunnel,itisanengineeringandarchitecturalmarvel.Butastimehasproven,thebridgeisaculturalandeconomicboonaswell.ThesleekspanofconcretewhosedesigntypifiesScandinavianminimalismhascontributedgreatlytothedevelopmentoftheOresundregion:theeasternpartofDenmark,includingCopenhagen,andthesouthwesternpartofSweden,includingMalmöandLund.ThelevelofcommutingbetweenMalmöandCopenhagenhasquadrupledsincetheopeningofthebridgein2000,andthenumberofDanesmovingtothesouthofSwedenhasincreasedsixfold.TheOresundregionhasbecomeaculturalandeconomicpowerhouse,consideredamodelregionbytheEuropeanUnion.Workonthebridgebeganin1995,andwasundertakenbyateamofinternationalconsultingandconstructioncompanies.Fromthebeginning,constructionofthebridgecompliedwithsomeoftheworld’stoughestenvironmentalregulations,aswellasmanyadvanceddesignandconstructiondetails.TheMexico-basedCEMEX,oneoftheworld’slargestproducersofCementandready-mixconcrete,wasawardedacontracttodelivertonsofhigh-qualitycementtohelpbuildthemainpartofthebridge,thetwoapproachbridgesandthetunnel.WhenitopenedinJuly2000,theOresundBridgeconsistedofa3.5-kilometerimmersedtunnel,thelargestofitskindintheworld,a4-kilometerlongartificialisland(madefrommuddugoutfromthebottomofstraittomakespaceforthetunnel)anda7.8-kilometercable-stayedbridge,theworld’slongestbridgeincludingbothahighwayandarailroad.Thoughjusthalfofthetotalconstruction,theactualbridgespan,isvisibleabovewater,theoverallarchitecturewasdesignedtopleasetheeyefromboththeDanishandSwedishsidesofthestrait.Thefour204-meter(670feet)tallpillarscarryingthebridgehaveasimpleScandinaviandesign.Todriversandpassengerscrossingthebridge,thepillarsprovideavisual,aswellasactual,impressionofstabilityandcalm.Thetwo-levelstructureismadeofsteelandconcrete.Alongtiletwoapproachbridges,tracksarepiacedinconcretetroughsthatturnintosteeldecksonthebridge.Thebridge’supperdeckcarriescarsandtrucks,whilethelowerdeckaccommodatestherailroad.Thefourpillarsaregroundedingiantcementboxesplacedatthebottomofthestrait,about18metersbelowsealevel.Lastyear,anaverageof13,600vehiclesand17,000passengerscrossedthebridgeeveryday,andtrafficcontinuestoincreaseby10-20percenteveryyear.Throughouttheconstructionprocess,theDanishandSwedishenvironmentalagencieshavesurveyedbutfoundnochangesinthewildlife,birds,fishandvegetationsurroundingthebridge.Inaddition,thechemicalsusedinconstructionandthepercentageofwastematerialshavebeenkepttoaminimum,asrequiredbybothDanishandSwedishlaws.In2003,theOresundBridgewontheIABSE(InternationalAssociationforBridgeandStructuralEngineering)OutstandingStructuralAwardforitsinnovativedesign,planningandconstructionmanagement,aswellasitsstrictcompliancewiththetimeschedule,budgetandenvironmentalrequirements.汉译英能源是人类社会赖以生存和发展的重要物质基础。纵观人类社会发展的历史，人类文明的每一次重大进步都伴随着能源的改进和更替。能源的开发利用极大地推进了世界经济和人类社会的发展。过去100多年里，发达国家先后完成了工业化，消耗了地球上大量的自然资源，特别是能源资源。当前，一些发展中国家正在步入工业化阶段，能源消费增加是经济社会发展的客观必然。中国是当今世界上最大的发展中国家，发展经济，摆脱贫困，是中国政府和中国人民在相当长一段时期内的主要任务。20世纪70年代末以来，中国作为世界上发展最快的发展中国家，经济社会发展取得了举世瞩目的辉煌成就，成功地开辟了中国特色社会主义道路，为世界的发展和繁荣作出了重大贡献。中国是目前世界上第二位能源生产国和消费国。能源供应持续增长，为经济社会发展提供了重要的支撑。能源消费的快速增长，为世界能源市场创造了广阔的发展空间。中国已经成为世界能源市场不可或缺的重要组成部分，对维护全球能源安全，正在发挥着越来越重要的积极作用。

2007年11月英语三级笔译实务试题英译汉OneofthebiggestdecisionsAndyBlevinshasevermade,andoneofthefewhenowregrets,neverseemedlikemuchofadecisionatall.Itjustfeltlikethenaturalthingtodo.Inthesummerof1995,hewasmovingboxesofsoupcans,papertowelsanddogfoodacrossthefloorofasupermarketwarehouse,oneofthebiggestbuildingshereinsouthwestVirginia.Theheatwasbrutal.Thejobhadsoundedimpossiblewhenhearrivedfreshoffhisfirstyearofcollege,lookingtomakesomesummermoney,stillaskinnyteenagerwithsandyblondhairandanarrow,freckledface.Buthardworkdonewellwassomethingheunderstood,evenifhewasthefirstcollegeboyinhisfamily.Soonhewasmakingbonusesontopofhis$6.75anhour,moremoneythaneitherofhisparentsmade.Hisgirlfriendwasaround,andsowerehishometownbuddies.Itwasjustabouttheperfectsummer.Sothethoughtcrossedhismind:maybeitdidnothavetoend.Maybehewouldtakeabreakfromcollegeandkeepworking.HehadbeengettingC'sandD's,andcollegeneverfeltlikehome,anyway."Ienjoyedworkinghard,gettingthejobdone,gettingapaycheck,"Mr.Blevinsrecalled."IjustknewIdidn'twanttoquit."Sohequitcollegeinstead,andwiththat,AndyBlevinsjoinedoneofthelargestandfastest-growinggroupsofyoungadultsinAmerica.Hebecameacollegedropout,thoughnongraduatemaybethemorepreciseterm.Manypeoplelikehimplantoreturntogettheirdegrees,eveniffewactuallydo.AlmostoneinthreeAmericansintheirmid-20'snowfallintothisgroup,upfromoneinfiveinthelate1960's,whentheCensusBureaubegankeepingsuchdata.Mostcomefrompoorandworking-classfamilies."Thesystemmakesafalsepromisetostudents,"saidJohnT.CasteenIII,thepresidentoftheUniversityofVirginia,himselfthesonofaVirginiashipyardworker.汉译英中国自1978年开始实行改革开放政策以来，极大地解放和发展了中国的社会生产力，我国国内生产总值年均增长9.67%。中国在世界经济总量中所占比重不到1%，现在已经达到了4%。从1978—2005年，中国经济年均增长9％以上，GDP由1473亿美元增加到22600亿美元，年进出口贸易总额由206亿美元增加到16000亿美元，外汇储备由1亿多美元增加到8000多亿美元。目前，中国经济总量居世界第4位，进出口贸易总额居世界第3位。中国的崛起就是要充分利用世界和平的大好时机，努力发展和壮大自己。同时又以自己的发展，维护世界和平。中国的崛起离不开世界。中国必须坚持对外开放的政策，在平等互利的基础上，同世界一切友好国家发展经贸关系。中国坚持以和平的方式发展，一贯奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。中国的外交宗旨是维护世界和平、促进共同发展。中国的发展有利于中国周边地区的稳定、世界的持久和平与各国的共同发展。事实表明，中国经济的发展，正在成为亚太地区、乃至整个世界经济增长的重要推动力量。中国的崛起不会妨碍任何人，也不会威胁任何人。

中国用科学发展观指导国内发展，同时维护国际社会的可持续发展。中国充分利用世界和平发展带来的机遇发展自己，又以自身的发展更好地维护世界和平。中国坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，宗旨就是维护世界和平、促进共同发展。中国发展是世界发展的一个重要组成部分，中国以自己的发展促进了世界的和平，为人类社会的发展进步作出了贡献。中国为促进周边地区和世界经济的稳定与发展作出了贡献。尊重和维护世界的多样性，构建和谐社会。中国坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策，宗旨就是维护世界和平、促进共同发展。

2008年5月英语三级笔译实务试题英译汉Ayearago,thislushcoastalfieldnearRomewasfilledwithorderlyrowsofdelicatedurumwheat,usedtomakehighqualityItalianpasta.Todayitoverflowswithrapeseed,atall,gnarledweedlikeplantburstingwithcoarseyellowflowersthathasbecomeanewmannaforEuropeanfarmers:rapeseedcanbeturnedintobiofuel.Luredbygenerousnewsubsidiestodevelopalternativeenergysources-andameasureofconcernaboutthefutureoftheplanet-Europeanfarmersareplungingintogrowingcropsthatcanbeturnedintofuelsmeanttoproducefeweremissionsthangasoroilwhenburned.TheyarechasingaftertheircounterpartsintheAmericaswhohavebeencroppingforbiofuelformorethanfiveyears."Thisisamuch-neededboosttooureconomy,ourfarms,"saidMarcelloPini,afarmer,standinginfrontoftheseaofwavingyellowflowersheplantedforthefirsttimethisyear."Ofcoursewehopeithelpstheenvironment,too."InMarch,theEuropeanCommission,disappointedbytheslowgrowthofthebiofuelsindustryinEurope,approvedadirectivethatincludeda"bindingtarget"requiringmemberstatestouse10percentbiofuelfortransportby2020-themostambitiousandspecificgoalintheworld.MostEUstatesarecurrentlyfarfromachievingthetarget,andareintroducingnewincentivesandsubsidiestoboostproduction.Asaresult,bioenergycropshavenowreplacedfoodasthemostprofitablecropinanumberEuropeancountries.InthispartofItaly,forexample,thegovernmentguaranteesthepurchaseofbiofuelcropsat€22per100kilograms,or$13.42per100pounds-nearlytwicethe€11-to-€12rateper100kilogramsofwheatontheopenmarketlastyear.Betterstill,Europeanfarmersareallowedtoplantbiofuelcropson"set-aside"fields,landthatEUagriculturepolicywouldotherwiserequirethemtoleavefallowtopreventanoversupplyoffood.ButanexpertpanelconvenedbytheUNFoodandAgricultureOrganizationthismonthpointedoutthatthebiofuelsboomproducesbothbenefitsaswellastradeoffandrisks-includinghigherandwildlyfluctuatingglobalfoodprices.Insomemarketsgrainpriceshavenearlydoubledbecausefarmersareplantingforbiofuels,"Atatimewhenagriculturalpricesarelow,incomesbiofuelandimprovesthelotoffarmersandinjectslifeintoruralareas,"saidGustavoBest,anexpertattheUnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganizationinRome."Butasthescalegrowsandthedemandforbiofuelcropsseemstobeinfinite,we'reseeingsomenegativeeffectsandweneedtoholdupayellowlight."JosetteSheeran,thenewheadoftheUNWorldFoodprogram,whichfednearly90millionpeoplein2006,saidthatbiofuelscreatednewdilemmasforheragency."Anincreaseingrainpricesimpactsusbecauseweareamajorprocurerofgrainforfood.Sobiofuelsarebothachallengeandanopportunity."InEurope,therapidconversionoffieldsthatoncegrewwheatorbarleytobiofueloilslikerapeseedisalreadyleadingtoshortagesofingredientsformakingpastaandbrewingbeer,supplierssay.Thatcouldtranslateintohigherpricesinsupermarkets."Newandincreasingdemandforbioenergyproductionhasputhighpressureonthewholeworldgrainmarket,"saidClaudiaConti,aspokeswomanforBarilla,oneofthelargestItalianpastamakers."NotonlyGermanbeerproducers,butMexicantortillamakershaveseethecostoftheirmainrawmaterialgrowingquicklytoquicklytohistoricalhighs."Forsomeexperts,moreworrisomeisthepotentialimpacttolow-incomeconsumersfromthedisplacementoffoodcropsbybioenergyplantings.Inthedevelopingworld,theshiftfromgrowingfoodtogrowingmorelucrativebiofuelcropsdestinedforrichercountriescouldcreateserioushungeranddamagetheenvironmentinplaceswherewildlandisconvertedtobiofuelcultivation,theFAOexpertpanelconcluded.ButofficialsattheEuropeanCommissionsaytheyarepursuingameasuredcoursethatwillpreventtheworstpriceandsupplyproblemsthathaveplaguedAmericanmarkets."WeseeintheUnitedStatesfarmersgoingcrazygrowingcornforbiofuels,butalsoproducingshortagesoffoodandfeed,"saidMichaelMann,acommissionspokesman."Soweseebiofuelasagoodopportunity-butitshouldn'tbethebe-allandend-allforagriculture."Inarecentspeech,MariannFischerBoel,theEUagricultureandruraldevelopmentcommissioner,saidthatthe10percentEUtargetwas"notashotinthedark,"butrathercarefullychosentoencouragealevelofbiofuelindustrygrowththatwouldnotproduceunduehardshipfortheContinent'spoor.Overthenext14years,shecalculated,itwouldpushupwouldrawmaterialpricesforcerealby3percentto6percentby2020,whilepricesforoilseedmayrisebetween5percentand18percent.Butfoodpricesontheshelveswouldbarelychange,shesaid.汉译英中国历来重视人才工作，并实施”人才强国“战略，大力开发人力市场资源，为人才发挥作用创造必要的条件和环境中国目前实行的是工程技术人员职称聘任制度，经过多年的实践，中国已经形成了一套比较完整的工程技术人员制度，并探索实行工程技术人员职称聘任制度制度。工程技术人员职务聘任制度形成于计划经济时期，随着社会主义市场经济的建立和经济社会的发展需要进一步完善和改革，人事部、建设部、教育部、中国工程院、中国科协等部门专门成立了领导小组，组织关于技术人才的研究，提出工程技术人才改革框架，建立以业绩和能力为导向的、科学的、人才绩效评价制度，并积极促进工程师国际互认和资格准入制度2008年11月英语三级笔译实务试题英译汉LONGYEARBYEN,Norway—Withplantspeciesdisappearingatanalarmingrate,scientistsandgovernmentsarecreatingaglobalnetworkofplantbankstostoreseedsandsprouts,preciousgeneticresourcesthatmaybeneededformantoadapttheworld’sfoodsupplytoclimatechange.Thisweek,theflagshipofthateffort,theGlobalSeedVaultnearhere,receiveditsfirstseeds,millionsofthem.BoredintothemiddleofafrozenArcticmountaintoppedwithsnow,thevault’sgoalistostoreandprotectsamplesofeverytypeofseedfromeveryseedcollectionintheworld.AsofThursday,thousandsofneatlystackedandlabeledgrayboxesofseeds—peasfromNigeria,cornfromMexico—resideinthisglazedcavelikestructure,formingasortofbackupharddrive,incasenaturaldisastersorhumanerrorserasetheseedsfromtheoutsideworld.Descendingalmost500feetunderthepermafrost,theentrancetunneltotheseedvaultisdesignedtowithstandbombblastsandearthquakes.AnautomateddigitalmonitoringsystemcontrolstemperatureandprovidessecurityakintoamissilesiloorFortKnox.Noonepersonhasallthecodesforentrance.TheGlobalVaultispartofabroaderefforttogatherandsystematizeinformationaboutplantsandtheirgenes,whichclimatechangeexpertssaymayindeedprovemorevaluablethangold.InLeuven,Belgium,scientistsarescouringtheworldforbananasamplesandpreservingtheirshootsinliquidnitrogenbeforetheybecomeextinct.AsimilareffortisunderwayinFranceoncoffeeplants.Anumberofplants,mostfromthetropics,donotproduceseedsthatcanbestored.Foryears,ahodgepodgenetworkofseedbankshasbeenamassingseedandshootcollectionsinahaphazardmanner.LabsinMexicobankedcornspecies.ThoseinNigeriabankedcassava.Nowthesescattershoteffortsarebeingurgentlyconsolidatedandsystematized,inpartbecauseofbettertechnologytopreserveplantgenesandinpartbecauseoftherisingalarmaboutclimatechangeanditsimpactonworldfoodproduction.“Westartedthinkingaboutthispost-9/11andontheheelsofHurricaneKatrina,”saidCaryFowler,presidentoftheGlobalCropDiversityTrust,anonprofitgroupthatrunsthevault.“Everyonewassaying,whydidn’tanyoneprepareforahurricanebeforeWeknewitwasgoingtohappen.“Well,wearelosingbiodiversityeveryday—it’sakindofdrip,drip,drip.It’salsoinevitable.Weneedtodosomethingaboutit.”Thisweektheurgencyoftheproblemwasunderscoredaswheatpricesrosetorecordhighsandwheatstoresdroppedtothelowestlevelin35years.Aseriesofdroughtsandnewdiseasescutwheatproductioninmanypartsoftheworld.“Theerosionofplants’geneticresourcesisreallygoingfast,”saidDr.RonySwennen,headofthedivisionofcropbiotechnologyattheCatholicUniversityofLeuveninBelgium,whohaspreservedhalfoftheworld’s1,200bananatypes.“We’reatacriticalmomentandifwedon’tactfast,we’regoingtolosealotofplantsthatwemayneed.”TheUnitedNationsInternationalTreatyonPlantGeneticResources,ratifiedin2004,createdaformalglobalnetworkforbankingandsharingseeds,aswellasforstudyingtheirgenetictraits.Lastyear,itsdatabasereceivedthousandsofnewseeds.Asystemofplantbankscouldbecrucialinrespondingtoclimatecrisessinceitcouldidentifygeneticmaterialandplantstrainsbetterabletocopewithachangedenvironment.HereattheGlobalVault,hundredsofgrayboxescontainingseedsfromplacesrangingfromSyriatoMexicoweremovedthisweekintoafreezingvaulttobeplacedinsuspendedanimation.Theyharboravastrangeofqualities,liketheabilitytowithstanddrier,warmerclimate. 汉译英在上海的现代化轻轨列车上，上班族有的在打手机，有的在用笔记本电脑，有的在观赏车内顺平显示器上播放的电影。全国各地，半导体工厂在昔日的农田拔地而起，而在日益扩张的城市中，众多大学校园和新公司林立的高科技园区正再现美国硅谷的模式。中国拥有大量的技术人才。依靠这些人才，中国的高科技设计和开发能力正日益提高。中国承担了大批全球制造业务，生产电视机、电脑、一定电话和其他电子产品。同时，中国正计划制造电脑芯片和网络交换机等更复杂、更精密的高科技产品。中国政府正致力于扶持信息技术产业，使之成为一大经济支柱，重点发展半导体和软件工业，并对新公司采取提供价廉土地和税收优惠等激励措施。对外国投资者来说，中国的美丽在于其规模庞大、扩张迅速的国内市场。另一个优势则是低工资，中国工程师的薪水仅是西方同行的十分之一。2009年5月英语三级笔译实务试题英译汉LastFridayanadvisorypaneltotheEuropeanEnvironmentAgencyissuedanextraordinaryscientificopinion:TheEuropeanunionshouldsuspe