职称英语卫生C阅读理解考试题库

职称英语卫生C阅读理解考试题库第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题,每题3分,共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Late-nightDrinkingCoffeelovers,becareful.Havingaquick“pick-me-up”cupofcoffeelateinthedaywillinterruptyoursleep.Aswellasbeingastimulant，caffeineinterruptstheflowofmelatonin(褪黑激素),thebrainhormonethatsendspeopleIntoasleep.Melatoninlevelsnormallystarttoriseabouttwohoursbeforebedtime.Levelsthenpeakbetween2amand4am,beforefallingagain.“It’stheneurohormone(神经激素)thatcontrolsoursleepandtellsourbodywhentosleepandwhentowake,”saysMauriceOhayonoftheStanfordSleepEpidemiologyResearchCenteratStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone.LotanShiloandateamattheSapirMedicalCenterinTelAvivUniversityfoundthatsixvolunteerssleptlesswellafteracupofcaffeinatedcoffeethanafterdrinkingthesameamountofdecaf(脱咖啡因咖啡).Onaverage,subjectsslept336minutespernightafterdrinkingcaffeinatedcoffee,comparedwith415minutesafterdecaf.Theyalsotookhalfanhourtodropoff,twiceaslongasusual.Inthesecondphaseoftheexperiment,theresearcherswokethevolunteerseverythreehoursandaskedthemtogiveaurine(尿)sample.Shilomeasuredconcentrationsofabreakdownproductofmelatonin.Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffeinedrinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers.InapaperacceptedforpublicationinSleepMedicine，theresearcherssuggestthatcaffeineblocksproductionoftheenzyme(酶)thatdrivesmelatoninproduction.Becauseitcantakemanyhourstoeliminatecaffeinefromthebody,Ohayonrecommendsthatcoffeeloversswitchtodecafafterlunch.31Theauthormentions“pick-me-up”toindicatethat______.AmelatoninlevelsneedtoberaisedBneurohormonecanwakeusupCcoffeeisastimulantDcaffeinecanbalanceourbrainhormone答案：C解析：文中第一段第二句提到“Havingaquick“pick-me-up”cupofcoffeelateinthedaywillinterruptyoursleep”，说明在一天中的晚些时候喝一杯提神咖啡会影响睡眠。所以答案为C。32Whichofthefollowingtellsushowcaffeineaffectssleep?AItblocksproductionoftheenzymethatstopsmelatoninproduction.BItinterruptstheflowofthehormonethatpreventspeoplefromsleeping.CIthalvesthebody’slevelsofsleephormone.DItstaysinthebodyformanyhours.答案：C解析：文中第二段最后一句提到“ButresearchersinIsraelhavefoundthatcaffeinatedcoffeehalvesthebody’slevelsofthissleephormone”，说明以色列研究界发现含咖啡因的咖啡使体内的褪黑激素减半，所以答案为C。33WhatdoesParagraph3mainlydiscuss?ADifferenteffectsofcaffeinatedcoffeeanddecafonsleep.BLotanShilo’sresearchdesignonsleep.CWhatthesubjectsdidafterdrinkingdecafatnight.DWhysomesubjectstookhalfanhourtofallasleep.答案：A解析：第三段介绍了LotanShilo和他的小组发现六名自愿者在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡之后的睡眠质量比喝了不含咖啡因的咖啡之后要差，受试者在喝了含咖啡因的咖啡;平均每晚睡336分钟，而喝了不含咖啡因的咖啡后睡415分钟。所以，这段主要讲的是含咖啡因的咖啡与不含咖啡因的咖啡对睡眠的不同影响，答案是A。34TheexperimentmentionedinParagraph4findsthatcaffeinedrinkers______.AsleeplongerthandecafdrinkersBproducemoreurineatnightCwakeupeverythreehoursDproducelessmelatonin答案：D解析：文中第四段第二句提到“Theresultssuggestthatmelatoninconcentrationsincaffcincdrinkerswerehalfthoseindecafdrinkers”，说明喝含咖啡因咖啡的人褪黑激素的浓度是喝了不含咖啡因咖啡的`人的一半，所以答案是D。35Ohayonadvisescoffeelovers______.AtotakedecafafterlunchBtodrinklesscoffeeduringthedayCnottogotobedaftertakingcoffeeDnottodrinkcoffeeaftersupper答案：A解析：文中第五段提到“Ohayonrecommcndsthatcoffceloversswitchtodecafafterlunch”，说明Ohayon建议爱喝咖啡的人午餐喝不含咖啡因的咖啡，因此答案是A。C全文都在讲芭蕾的发展历程。第二篇TheDevelopmentofBalletBalletisadanceformthathasalonghistory.Thefactthatitsurvivestothisdayshowsthatithasadjustedastimeshavechanged.BalletbeganintheroyalcourtsduringtheRenaissance.Atthattimeitbecamecommonforkingsandqueens，aswellasothernobility(贵族)，toparticipateinpageantsthatincludedmusic,poetryanddance.AstheseentertainmentsmovedfromtheItaliancourtstotheFrenchones,courtladlesbeganparticipatinginthem.Thoughtheirlongdressespreventedmuchmovement,theywereabletoperformelaborate(复杂的)walkingpatterns.Itwasnotuntilthe1600sthatwomendancersshortenedtheirskirts,changedtoflatshoes,andbegandoingsomeoftheleapsandturnsperformedbymen.Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance,himselfadevoteddancer,foundedtheRoyalAcademyofDance.Thefivebasicfeetpositionsfromwhichallballetstepsbeginwerefinalized.Inthelate1700sanotherimportantchangeoccurred.Balletbegantotellastoryonitsown.Itwasnolongersimplydancetobeperformedbetweenactsofplays.Elaboratewigs(假发)andcostumeswereeliminated.Bytheearly1800sdancerslearnedtoriseontheirtoestomakeitappearthattheywerefloating.ClassicalballetasweknowtodaywasinfluencedprimarilybyRussiandancing.TheRussiansremainedinterestedinballetwhenitdeclinedinotherEuropeancountriesinthemld-1800s.OneofthemostInfluentialfiguresoftheearly20thcenturywasSergeiDiaghilev.Hisdancecompany,theBalletsRusses,broughtanewenergyandexcitementtoballet.Oneofhischiefassistants,GeorgeBalanchine,wentontofoundtheNewYorkCityBalletin1948andtoinfluencenewgenerationsofdancers.36Thispassagedealsmainlywith_____.AfamousnamesinballetBRussianballetChowballethasdevelopedDwhyballetisnolongerpopular答案：C解析：C全文都在讲芭蕾的发展历程。37Theword“pageants”inParagraph2means_______.AdancesBinstructionsCroyalcourtsDbigshows答案：D解析：D通过前后文得出pageants包括了music,poetry和dance，可知该题的意思可能是一包含这些艺术形式的表演，这个同的实际意义是“盛大的庆典”。或者通过排除法也可轻松排除其他三个答案，从而选出正确答案。38Professionalballetwasfirstperformedin______.AItalyBFranceCRussiaDAmerica答案：B解析：B第三段的第一、二句Itwasalsointhe1600sthatprofessionalballetbegan.KingLouisXIVofFrance，himselfadevoteddancer，foundedtheRoyalAcadcmyofDance.由此司以得出答案是B项。39Whohadanimportantinfluenceonearlyballet?ABalanchine.BAntoinette.CDiaghilev.DLouisXIV.答案：D解析：芭蕾按发展历程分可分为早期芭蕾和经典芭蕾。A、B、C项中的人物都是经典芭蕾时期的，只有D项中的LouisXIV是对早期芭蕾产生了重要影响。40Wecanconcludefromthispassagethatballet.AisadyingartBwillcontinuetochangeCiscurrentlyperformedonlyinRussiaDisoftenperformedbydancerswithlittletraining答案：B解析：由第一段可知，芭蕾之所以到现在还长盛不衰，是因为多年来一直根据流行趋势在调整和发展，因此B项正确，同时可知A项错误。芭蕾舞在世界各地都有表演，因此C项错误。芭蕾舞演员需要专业训练，可知D项错误。第三篇TheWorld’sBest-SellingMedicineSinceancienttimes,peopleallovertheworldhaveusedwillowtostoppain.Thewillowtreecontainssalicylicacid(水杨酸)Thisstopspain,butthereisoneproblem.Salicylicacidalsohurtsthestomach,in1853,aFrenchscientistmadeamixturefromwillowthatdidnothurtthestomach.However,hismixturewasdifficulttomake,andhedidnottrytoproduceorsellit.In1897，inGermany,FelixHoffmannalsomadeamixturewithsalicylicacid.Hetriedithimselffirstandthengaveittohisfatherbecausehisfatherwasoldandinalotofpain.Hisfather’spainwentaway,andthemixturedidnothurthisstomach.HoffmannworkedforBayer,aGermancompany.Heshowedhisnewdragtohismanager,whotestedthedragandfoundthatitworkedwell.Bayerdecidedtomakethedrug.TheycalleditaspirinandputtheBayernameoneverypill.Aspirinwasanimmediatesuccess.Almosteveryonehaspainofsomekind,soaspirinansweredatrueneed.Aspirinwascheap,easytotake,andeffective.Italsoloweredfevers.Aspirinwasawonderdrug.Atfirst，Bayersoldthedrugthroughdoctors,whothensoldittotheirpatients.In1915,thecompanystartedtosellaspirinindrugstores.IntheUnitedStates,Bayerhadapatent(专利权)onthedrag.Othercompaniescouldmakesimilarproductsandselltheminothercountries,butonlyBayercouldmakeandsellaspirinintheUnitedStates.Intime,BayercouldnolongerownthenameaspirinintheUnitedStates.Othercompaniescouldmakeitthere,too.However,Bayeraspirinwasthemostwellknown,andformanyyears,itwasthemarketleader.Bythe1950s,newpainkillerswereonthemarket.Aspirinwasnolongertheonlywaytotreatpainandreducefever.Bayerandothercompanieslookedforotherdrugstomake.However,inthe1970stheygotasurprise.Doctorsnoticedthatpatientswhoweretakingaspirinhadfewerheartattacksthanotherpeople.ABritishresearchernamedJohnVanefoundthereasonaspirinhelpedtopreventheartattacks.In1982,hewontheNobelPrizeforhisresearch.Doctorsstartedtotellsomeoftheirpatientstotakeaspirineverydaytopreventheartattacks.Ithasmadelifebetterforthemanypeoplewhotakeit.IthasalsomadealotofmoneyforcompanieslikeBayerthatproduceandsellit!41Whydidn'ttheFrenchscientistcontinuetomakethemedicinethatstoppedpain?AItdidn'tworkwell.BIthurtthestomach.CItwashardtomake.DItwasnotcost-effective.答案：C解析：文中第一段最后一句话提到“However，hismixturewasdifficulttomake,andhedidnottrytoproduceorsellit”，可以看出他是因为困难所以停止，因此答案是C。42WhywasFelixHoffmannlookingforapainkiller?AHiscompanytoldhimtodothat.BHisfather