高考英语语法专题之宾语从句学案

教学内容宾语从句教学目标宾语从句的时态、语序宾语从句宾语：动作动词的作用对象。Iloveyou.HelikesEnglish.宾语从句：在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。例句：Ithink(that)youshouldstudyhard.主句连接词从句HeaskedmewhereIhadputhisbook.主句连接词从句构成：主句+连接词+从句Exercise1画出下列句子的宾语从句(1)Weknowthatweshouldkeeptheearthclean.(2)Iknowthatheliveshere.(3)Wedon’tknowifourteacherwillattendthemeeting.(4)HeaskedmewhichcoatIlikedbest.1.that引导的宾语从句Ihope(that)itwillsnowthiswinter.说明：说明：当谓语动词是表示“希望、相信、知道、说”等肯定概念的动词时，比如：believe,expect,explain,feel,hear,hope,imagine,prefer,promise,report,say,tell,think,stand,warn,wish，其后面的句子一般用that引导。that没有任何词汇含义，只有语法功能，目的是使读者清楚后面的句子是宾语从句。多数情况下that可以省略。例如：Ibelieve(that)shecandoit.Bettythinks(that)treescanimprovetheair.注意：注意：在以下情况中that不能省略

当句中的动词后接两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。

例句：He

said

(that)

you

were

too

young

to

understand

the

matter

and

that

he

was

asked

not

to

tell

you.

当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。

例句：Just

then

I

noticed,

for

the

first

time,

that

our

master

was

wearing

his

fine

green

coat.

当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。

拓展：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

拓展：许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。

例句：I

find

it

necessary

that

we

should

do

the

homework

on

time.2.whether/if引导的宾语从句当宾语从句表达不确定的概念(一般疑问句)时,用if/whether引导,意为“是否”。例如:Maryaskedusif/whetherwewouldgoswimmingontheweekend.whether与if通常情况下可以互换,但在下列情况下通常用whether而不用ifwhether与if通常情况下可以互换,但在下列情况下通常用whether而不用if①从句后有ornot的情况TheteacherasksmewhetherIhavefinishedmyhomeworkornot.②从句前有介词的情况MyparentsaretalkingaboutwhetherwewillgotoHongKongfortraveling.③在动词不定式之前只能用whetherIcan'tdecidewhethertostay.3.疑问词引导的宾语从句Iwanttoknowwhathewilldonext.疑问代词：who（谁）,

whom（谁）,

whose（谁的）,

what（什么）,

which（哪一个）特殊疑问词疑问副词：when（什么时间）,

where（什么地点）,

why（为什么）,

how（怎么样）♦疑问词引导的宾语从句在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。例如:Idon’tknowwhenhewillgethome♦疑问词引导的宾语从句在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。例如:Idon’tknowwhenhewillgethome.HeaskedmewhereIlived.Exercise2()1.I

can’t

understand

________

he

likes

computer

games

so

much.

A.

that

B.

whether

C.

why

D.

where

()2. ---I’m

waiting

for

the

mail.

Do

you

know________

it

will

arrive?

---Usually

it

comes

by

4:

00.

A.

how

B.

where

C.

when

D.

what

()3.It’s

up

to

you

to

decide_______you’ll

go

there,

by

air

or

by

road.

A.

how

B.

why

C.

that

D.

when()4.

We’ll

plant

trees

tomorrow,

and

I

don’t

know__________

Tom

will

come

and

join

usornot.

A.

whether

B.

which

C.

what

D.

If()5.

—

What

about

going

to

the

South

Lake

for

a

picnic

next

weekend?

—

OK.

But

I’m

not

sure__________

it

will

rain.

A.

why

B.

where

C.

when

D.

whether

()6.

—

Do

you

know

__________the

girl

in

white

is?

—

I’m

not

sure.

Maybe

she

is

a

doctor.A.

how

B.

who

C.

what

D.

where()7.In

the

bookshop,a

reader

asked

the

shop

keeper

_____Who

Moved

My

Cheese

was

an

interesting

book.A.

that

B.

how

C.

if

D.what()8.I

was

told

________

Bill

Gates

was

thirteen

he

began

to

play

with

computers.

A.

that

how

B.

how

that

C.

when

that

D.

that

when宾语从句三要素：引导词、时态、语序宾语从句三要素：引导词、时态、语序宾语从句中的时态宾语从句中的时态1.主现从不限whenyougotupyesterday.昨天什么时候起床Iwonderwhenyougetupeveryday.每天几点到校whenyouwillstarttomorrow.明天几点出发ifhehasbeentoBeijing.是否去过北京2.主过从四过e.g.whatyourfavoriteactivitywas.从一般过去时Iknewwhathewasdoing.从过去进行时myfatherwouldgotoBeijingnextweek.从过去将来时hehadfinishedhishomework.从过去完成时3.当从句叙述的内容为客观真理时，仍然用一般现在时。e.g.Ourteachersaidthemoonmovesaroundthesun.Exercise3用所给动词的正确形式填空1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.6.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.宾语从句中的宾语从句中的语序主语+谓语+其他主语+谓语+其他语序；即由that，whether/if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句都要用陈述语序，whether/if和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句的倒装语序都要改成陈述语序。例如:Canyoutelluswhereyourfatherworks?Doyouknowwhattheboyisdoing?否定转移:当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,imagine,expect等词时，宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中，译为汉语时，仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。如：Idon’tbelievethathewilldosuchasillything.我相信她不会做如此愚蠢的事。否定转移:当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,guess,imagine,expect等词时，宾语从句中的否定词常常转移到主句中，译为汉语时，仍把从句翻译成否定的意思。否定转移句的主语一般是第一人称。如：Idon’tbelievethathewilldosuchasillything.我相信她不会做如此愚蠢的事。特殊情况：当连接词在从句中担当主语时，保持原有语序不变。特殊情况：当连接词在从句中担当主语时，保持原有语序不变。whatisthematterwithhim.Iwonderwhatiswrongwithit.Exercise4()1.—Where

do

you

think

________

he

________

the

computer?—Sorry,I

have

no

idea. A.／；bought

B.

has；bought

C.

did；buy

D.

does；buy

()2.—I

wonder

________.

—Zebras.

A.

what

do

they

call

these

animals

B.

how

they

call

these

animals

C.

what

they

call

these

animals

D.

how

do

they

call

these

animals

()3.

I

want

to

know

.

A.

what

was

his

name

B.

what’s

his

name

C.

that

his

name

is

D.

what

his

name

is()4.Jim

doesn’t

understand

.

A.

which

is

the

way

to

the

museum

B.

why

his

wife

always

goes

shopping

C.

what

is

the

way

to

the

museum

D.

why

does

she

always

go

shopping()5.Would

you

please

tell

me

next,

Mr

Wang?

A.

what

should

we

do

B.

we

should

do

what

C.

what

we

should

do

D.

should

we

do

what()6.You

can’t

imagine

when

they

received

these

nice

Christmas

presents.

how

they

were

excited

B.

how

excited

they

were

C.

how

excited

were

they

D.

they

were

how

excited()7.—Hi,

Bruce.

Here

is

a

letter

for

you.

—Thanks.

I

wonder__________.

A.

who

the

letter

was

from

B.

who

was

from

the

letter

C.

who

was

the

letter

from

D.

who

from

the

letter

was

()8.Could

you

tell

me__________?

A.

where

is

the

headmaster

B.

whose

camera

it

is

C.

what

Jack

was

happened

D.

how

long

does

it

take

you

to

the

aquarium()9.—

Can

you

tell

me

__________?

—

With

Lucy’s

help.

A.

when

you

did

it

so

well

B.

when

did

you

do

it

so

well

C.

how

you

did

it

so

well

D.

how

did

you

do

it

so

well

()10.—

Excuse

me.

Could

you

tell

me

__________?

—

In

the

supermarket. A.

where

I

can

buy

this

kind

of

CD

player

B.

where

can

I

buy

this

kind

of

CD

player

C.

if

I

can

buy

this

kind

of

CD

player

D.

if

can

I

buy

this

kind

of

CD

player宾语从句的简化1.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymaths.→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymaths.3.在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：CanyoutellmehowIcangettothestation？→Canyoutellmehowtogettothestation？将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。1．TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.Hesaid_______theseflowers_______fromGuangdong.2.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.Myteachertoldme_____light_______fasterthansound.3．Therewillbeameetinginfivedays.Jackdidn’tknow.Jackdidn’tknow_____there_________ameetinginfivedays.4．CantheyspeakFrench?Iwanttoknow.Iwanttoknow___________________________French.5．Arethechildrenplayinggames?Tellme.Tellme______thechildren____________games.6．Haveyoufinishedyourhomeworkyet?Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang.Mr.ZhaoaskedMaGang____________________homeworkyet.7．Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoknows?Whoknows_______________________________inthepicture?8．Wheredidsheparkhercar?Doyouknow?Doyouknow______________hercar?9．Whatdoesheoftentalkabout?Thegirlwondered.Thegirlwondered__________often________about.10．Whoknockedatthedoorsoloudly?Idon’tknow.Idon’tknow___________atthedoorsoloudly.11.Doeshestillliveinthatstreet?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow______hestill_______inthatstreet.12.What'shisname?Iaskedhim.

Iaskedhimwhat_______________.13.Whendoesthetrainarrive?Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme__________________________________.14.Dotheywantfriedchicken?Heaskedtheboys.Heaskedtheboys_______they______friedchicken.15.WasthewatchmadeinShanghai?Idon'tknow.Idon'tknow_______thewatch_______madeinShanghai.用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.Wearesurethathe________(go)toschooltomorrow.2.Doyouknowwho______(be)thefirstmantowalkonthemoon?3.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice______(is)?4.Ourfathersaidthathe_______(will)buyanewcomputer.5.Ihearthathe_______(swim)intheseayesterday.6.Thelittleboytellsuswherehisfather_______(work).7.Hesaidthathe_________(finish)hisworkalready.8.Theythoughttheycould_______(hike)tothetopofthemountain.9.Hewasgladthatsomanypeople_____(help)him.10.Shedoesn’tknowwhether________(go)orwait.综合训练七选五HealthyhabitsforlivinglongerBykeepingyourdailyhabitshealthy,youcanaddyearstoyourlife.Herearesometipsforlivinglonger.Keepdailyhabitshealthy.Manyofusaresetinourdailyhabits.Weeatthesamemeal,wearthesameclothes,takethesameroutetoworkandworkthesameoldjob.Butwhatwesometimesfailtorecognizeisthehugeinfluencethatourdailyhabitscanhaveonourhealth.Itisveryimportantforustokeepourdailyhabitshealthy.(6)____Takesomeexerciseeveryday.Dailyexercisedoesimproveourhealth.Infact,studiesshowthatdailyexercisecanaddthreeyearstoourlife.Opportunityforexerciseiseverywhere—justbecreative.Wheneverwecan,walktowork.(7)____It’sreallythatsimple.Eatahealthybreakfast.Researchershavefoundthatthosewhoeatanearlymorningmealarelesslikelytobetoofatandgetdiseasescomparedwiththosewhodon’t.(8)____Allinall,eatingbreakfastisagreatandhealthywaytostartourday.Haveenoughsleep.(9)____Failingtogetatleastsevenhoursofsleepappearstoincreasetheriskofmajorillnessesincludingcancer,heartdisease,diabetesandmanymore.Getchancestocommunicate.(10)____Anysocialcommunicationcanpositivelyaffectourphysicalandmentalwell-beingbecausewecanhavemoretimeandchancestocommunicatewithothers.Allofthesecanaddyearstoourlives.A.Alackofqualitysleepcanshortenourlife.B.Exercisealsohelpsuskeepawayfromillnesses.C.Ifweliveorworkinatallbuilding,justtakethestairs.D.Breakfast-eatersalsoreportfeelingbetterbothmentallyandphysically.E.There’sanoldsayingthatsaysagoodfriendischeaperthantreatment.F.Findingtimeforstructuredexercisecanbeprettymuchimpossibleformanypeople.G.Bymakingjustafewsmallchangesandstickingtothem,wecanaddafewyearstoourlife.课后作业短文改错AOnceuponatimetherewasaboywhofondofreading.However,hewasverypoortobuyanybooks.Thatwasthereason