2021-2022学年上海市徐汇区高一上学期10月考试英语试卷（解析版）

2021-2022学年上海市徐汇区高一上学期10月考试英语试卷LListeningComprehension(22')SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.A.Linda.B.Irene.C.NancyD.ChrisA.Tovisitamuseum.B.Toattendawedding.C.Togetmarried.D.TogotoIndia.A.Policemananddriver.B.Teacherandstudent.C.Bossandclerk.D.Doctorandnurse.A.Inateahouse.B.Inaschool.C.Inasupermarket.D.Inagarage.A.Themanenjoysdramasverymuch.Soapoperasaren'tthewoman'sfavorite.Thewomanhaswatchedalotofsoapoperas.Themandoesn'twanttowatchadramawiththewoman.A.Sheisreportingglobalwarming.SheiswatchingaTVshow.SheiswritingareportabouttheEarth'sclimate.Sheiswritingajobreport.A.Shesawtheplaymorethanonce.B.Sheactedintheplay.C.ShevisitedtheEnglishDepartment.D.Sheledthedramaclub.A.Thedamagetotheenvironment.B.Thelocationofthehotel.C.Thedemandofthejobmarket.D.Thesolutiontotheissue.A.Shewillgotothegaragetogethercarbackfirst.Shedoesn'tknowwherethecityhallis.Shecan'tdrivethemthere.Hercarisingoodcondition.A.Skippingthemealtoloseweight.Havingthepizzawiththewoman.Orderingfoodtobeeatenathome.Diningoutinsteadofeatingathome.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthe水域，应选B。[31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他会死，诺姆镇生病孩子也会死。A.escape逃脱；B.swim游泳;C.ache疼痛；D.die死。根据上文“Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow可知，一旦诺顿湾的冰面破裂坍塌，Seppala可能会掉到冰水里死掉。应选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一次，一大堆雪挡住了他的去路。A.memory回忆；B.exit出口；C.way路；D.destination目的地。根据下文“Kaasen不得不离开雪橇的痕迹、绕过阻挡他的大雪堆”可知，巨大的雪堆挡住Kaasen前进的路。应选C。[33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时环境太糟糕，使Kaasen不可能再次找回雪橇的痕迹。A.find找到；B.Ex安装；C.pass通过；D.change改变。根据上文Kaasen离开雪橇的痕迹可知，当时环境太糟糕，使Kaasen不可能再次找回雪橇的痕迹。应选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Balt。把鼻子贴在地上，努力找到其他狗的气味，这些狗曾在这条路上走过。A.pretending假装;B.asking问，要求；C.trying努力;D.learning学会。Seppala的雪橇狗努力嗅着其它狗的味道。应选C。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：诺姆镇得救了。A.controUed控制；B.saved拯救；C.founded建立；D.developed开展。根据"Allofthemrecovered.”可知，诺姆镇得救了。应选B。SectionB(14,)Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AHereisachecklistforwhetheryoucandothefollowingthingstoliveabetterlife.Tickifyoucan.Talkaboutyouremotionsanddifficulties.Wetendtohavedifficultyexpressingouremotions,yettheydrivesomuchofwhatwedo.Worse,wecompensatewithdrugsandalcoholtomaskourfeelingsofnotbeingsuccessful.Talkingabouthowwefeel,honestly,canfreeus.Don'tbeafraidofnotbeingsuccessful.Wethinkbeinglovedisequaltobeingsuccessful,butasVaniersaid,"Youarebeautifulasyouare."Thetruemeasureofapersonisnotdefinedbythesizeofhis/herbankaccount.It'sdefinedbytheiremotionalbankaccount,howkindtheyareandhowtheytreatothers.Wemightenvy（忌妒）MarkZuckerberg^wealth,butadmirepeoplelikeMotherTeresamore.Inarelationship,takethetimetoask:“Howareyou?"You'remarriedtoyourspouse,notsuccess.Yes,workisimportanttoprovideforourfamilies.Butbeingthereforourfamiliesisevenmoreimportant.Takethetimetocheckin.Askhowyourspouseandkidsaredoing.They'llrememberyourthoughtfulnessandlovemuchmorethanyourcareersuccess.Stoplookingatyourphone.Bepresent!Thedigitalagehasbroughtusinstantcommunication,butarewereallytalkingtooneanother?ListentoyourdeepestdesireandfollowitUnlikeanimals,humanbeingshavemoralandspiritualneeds.Beyondeating,procreatingandexisting,wesearchfortheunknown.Allofushaveaninnervoicethatguidesus.Ourheartsoftentelluswhenweareoffcourse.Learntotrustyourheart.Rememberthatyouwilldieoneday.JeanVaniernotedthat"We'reallhere,butwearejustlocalpeople.Passengersonajourney.Wegetonandoffthetrainandtheworldwillcontinue.,9Rememberingthatyouwilldieonedaycanhelpguideouractionstoday.Itcanreshapethekindofpersonwewanttobe.36.Accordingtothepassage,howcanwefeelrelieved?Byfearingsuccess.Bycommunicatingyourfeelings.Byinquiringpeople.Byleavingyourphonebehind.37Whatdoesthe4thruletellus?Youaremarriedtoyourhusband/wife.Youmustworkforyourfamily.Youshouldpaymoreattentiontopeoplearoundyouthanyourwork.Youhavetoaskyourfamily'sdailyroutine.38.Thesearetherulesallabout.keepingyoufitimprovingyourlifeattitudeinteractingwithpeoplehavingarelationship【答案】36.B37.C38.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些关于改善你的生活态度的规那么。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据表格中第一条规那么“Talkingabouthowwefeel,honestly,canfreeus.（坦白地说，谈论我们的感受能让我们轻松自由。）”可知，通过交流你的感觉能感到宽慰。应选B。【37题详解】推理判断题。根据表格中第四条规那么"Stoplookingatyourphone.Bepresent!Thedigitalagehasbroughtusinstantcommunication,butarewereallytalkingtooneanother?（别再看了。是现在!数字时代给我们带来了即时通信，但我们真的在彼此交谈吗?）"可推断，第四规那么告诉我们应该更多地关注周围的人而不是我们的工作。应选Co【38题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段uHereisachecklistforwhetheryoucandothefollowingthingstoliveabetterlife.Tickifyoucan.（这里有一份清单，告诉你是否可以做以下事情来过上更好的生活。可以的话打勾。）”及下文可知，这些规那么都是关于改善你的生活态度的。应选B。BHowtoVolunteerAbroadandActuallyHelpPeopleFearof“voluntourism“shouldn'tstopyoufromdoingsomethinggreat.We'veallheardit.Those“voluntourists“goingtoAfricathinkthey'rehelping,butthey9reactuallygoingforaholiday,wastingmoney,andstrengtheningdangerousstereotypes（亥U板印象）.Iam,though,againsttheideathatweshouldn'tvolunteerabroadatall.Howwouldtheworldbeabetterplacewithoutpeopledevotingtheirtimeandresourcestohelpotherswhoneedit?Ichosemyorganizationwell.Asastudent,therearesomanyoptionsforvolunteeringabroad.ItravelledwithCambridgeDevelopmentInitiative,astudent-runprojectthatworksonsustainabledevelopmentprojectsinTanzania.TherewerefourbranchesandIwasonthebusinessteam.Weweretrainedonthedangersofvoluntourismandonbestvolunteerpractices.WelearnedaboutthecultureandevenlearnedsomebasicSwahili,thelocallanguage,beforetravelling.WhenwewereinTanzania,westayedinthesameaccommodationalongsideourTanzanianteammembers,atethesamefood,andspentourfreetimeinthesameplaces.WhenItoldmyfriendIwastravellingtoTanzaniatovolunteerforthesummer,hesaid,“Oh,you'regoingtohaveoneofthosesummerswhereyougoawayforacoupleofmonthsandittotallychangesyourprofile（头像）picture.”Ididn'tchangemyprofilepicture,butIdidhelp23youngpeoplestarttheirowncompanies.Theybrainstormedideas,surveyedtargetcommunities,improvedtheirdesigns,cameupwithbusinessplans,andcollectedseedcapitalfortheirstartups.Theycameupwithcreativeideas,suchasa“mini-grid”（微型电网）providingelectricitytoanoff-gridvillageandaplastic-wasterecyclingcompany.BeforeIwenttoTanzania,Iwas“thisclose“totakinganinternshipinacompanyinsteadbecauseIworriedIwouldbecontributingtothenegativepracticeofvoluntourism.Here'showImadesurethatdidn'thappen,andwhyIthinkthebenefitsofvolunteeringabroadfaroutweighthebenefitsoftakingsomequestionablemoralhighreasonsbackhome.39.Whatisvoluntourism?Astudyinadevelopingcountry.Atriptoadevelopingcountrytohelpout.Aculturalexchangeinadevelopingcountry.Atravelingtoadevelopingcountrytohelpout,butdoingmoreharm.Howdidthewriterensurenotcontributingtothenegativesideofvoluntourism?Bynottrustinganyorganization.Bylearningaboutthelocalcultureandlanguage.CByprovidingelectricitytoanoff-gridvillage.D.Bymakingtradewiththeteammembers.WhichonewasNOTdonebythewriter?Thewritercameupwithideastosolveoff-gridproblems.Thewriterhelpedestablishyoungpeople'sownstart-ups.Thewritergaveupacorporateinternship.ThewriterwenttoTanzaniaasavolunteer.Whatdidthewriter'sfriendimply?Thewriterwouldhaveamoralhighexperienceworthshowingoff.Thewriterwasabletochangetheprofilepictureafterthetrip.Thewritershouldhelpthelocalsasmuchaspossible.Thewritershouldvolunteerbecauseitwouldbelife-changing.【答案】39.D40.B41.A42.A【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。作者通过自己的亲身经历介绍如何在国外做志愿者并真正帮助别人。【39题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的“Those“vohmtourists"goingtoAfricathinkthey'rehelping,butthey'reactuallygoingforaholiday,wastingmoney,andstrengtheningdangerousstereotypes（刻板印象）.（那些去非洲的“公益游客”认为他们在提供帮助，但他们实际上是去度假，浪费金钱,强化危险的形象）”可知，公益旅游是去开展中国家帮助解决困难，但却造成了更大的危害的旅游。应选D。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“WelearnedaboutthecultureandevenlearnedsomebasicSwahili,thelocallanguage,beforetravelling.（在旅行之前，我们了解了文化，甚至学习了一些基本的斯瓦希里语）”可推断，作者在旅游前通过学习当地的文化和语言来确保不给公益旅游带来负面影响。应选B。[41题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“Theybrainstormedideas,surveyedtargetcommunities,improvedtheirdesigns,cameupwithbusinessplans,andcollectedseedcapitalfortheirstartups.Theycameupwithcreativeideas,suchasa“mini-grid”（微型电网）providingelectricitytoanoff-gridvillageandaplastic-wasterecyclingcompany.（他们进行了头脑风暴的想法，调查了目标社区，改进了他们的设计，提出了商业计划，并为他们的初创公司收集了种子资金。他们想出了一些创意,诸如为一个离网村提供电力的“微型电网”和塑料废物回收公司）”可知，解决离网问题的想法不是作者提出的，是当地的年轻人提出的。应选A。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Here,showImadesurethatdidn'thappen,andwhyIthinkthebenefitsofvolunteeringabroadfaroutweighthebenefitsoftakingsomequestionablemoralhighreasonsbackhome.（这就是我是如何确保那种事不会发生的，以及为什么我认为在国外做公益的益处远远超过采取一些可疑的道德崇高理由的好处的原因）”可推断，作者有丰富的道德经验值得炫耀。应选A。SectionC⑻）Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Imagineswimminginalakeonahotsummerday.Thewaterisquitewarm,butthewindisstrongandthemomentyouleavethewateryoufeelchillyandget"goosebumps（鸡皮疙瘩）Soyouchangeclothesandmoveinsidetowarmup.Youmakeanicecupoftea,getunderablanketandturnontheradio.Suddenly,youhearasongfromalongtimeago,onethatyourgrandmotheroftensangtoyouwhenyouwereachild.43Whydosuchseeminglyunrelatedeventsleadtothesamebodilyreaction?Goosebumpsareaphysiologicalphenomenonwegotfromouranimalancestors.Theyaretinyelevationsoftheskinthatlookliketheskinofchildrenorgeeseafterthefeathershavebeenpulledoff.44Goosebumpsarecausedbyacontraction（"攵缩）ofmusclesthatareattachedtoeachhair.Eachcontractingmusclecreatesashallowdepression（凹陷）ontheskinsurface.Asaresult,thesurroundingareastandsout.45Inanimalswithathickcoatofhail*thisrisingofthehairexpandsthelayerofair.Thethickerthelayerofhair,themoreheatisretained.Inpeoplethisreactionisuselessbecausewedonothaveacoatofhaironourbodies.Inadditiontocold,thehairwillalsostandupinmanyanimalswhentheyfeelthreatened.46Thiswillprobablymaketheattackerbackoff.Peoplealsotendtoexperiencegoosebumpsduringemotionalsituations,suchaswalkingdowntheaisleduringtheirwedding,listeningtotheirnation'santhem,orevenjustwatchinghorrormovies.Quiteoftenapersonmaygetgoosebumpsmanyyearsafterasignificantevent,justbythinkingabouttheemotionstheywereexperiencingatthattime.Thereasonforalltheseresponsesisthesubconsciousreleaseofadrenaline（肾上腺素）.Itisoftenreleasedwhenwefeelcoldorafraid,butalsoifweareunderstressandfeelstrongemotions.Othersignsofadrenalinereleaseincludesweatypalms,anincreaseinbloodpressure,aracingheartorthefeelingof"butterflies“inthestomach.Thereforewecouldalsocallthem“turkeybumps"or“duckbumps.”Again,youfeelachillonyourbackandagain,yougetgoosebumps.Thecontractionalsocausesthehairtostandupwheneverthebodyfeelscold.Whenacatisattackedbyadog,forexample,theelevatedhairmakesthecatappearbigger.Adrenalinenotonlycausesthecontractionofskinmusclesbutalsoinfluencesmanyotherbodilyreactions.Itissomethingweinheritedfromourdistantancestors,thoughwedon'tseemtobenefitfromthereactionmuch.［答案】43.B44.A45.C46.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是鸡皮疙瘩以及导致出现鸡皮疙瘩的原因。【43题详解】根据上文“Thewaterisquitewarm,butthewindisstrongandthemomentyouleavethewateryoufeelchillyandget“goosebumps（鸡皮疙瘩）（水很温暖，但风很大，当你离开水的那一刻,你会感到寒冷，起鸡皮疙瘩）可知上文说了起鸡皮疙瘩的一种情况，该空承接上文，说明起鸡皮疙瘩的另一种情况，B选项“再一次，你感到背部发冷，又一次，你起鸡皮疙瘩”切题,其中选项中的“goosebumps”对应上文中的“goosebumps”，应选B。【44题详解】根据上文“Goosebumpsareaphysiologicalphenomenonwegotfromouranimalancestors.Theyaretinyelevationsoftheskinthatlookliketheskinofchildrenorgeeseafterthefeathershavebeenpulledoff."（起鸡皮疙瘩是我们从动物祖先那里得到的一种生理现象。它们是皮肤的微小突起，看起来就像儿童的皮肤或去掉羽毛的鹅的皮肤）可知这里描述了鸡皮疙瘩的样子，该空承接上文,与上文构成因果关系，选项A“因此，我们也可以称它们为“火鸡疙瘩”或“鸭子疙瘩””切题，应选A。【45题详解】根据上文44Goosebumpsarecausedbyacontraction（收缩）ofmusclesthatareattachedtoeachhair.Eachcontractingmusclecreatesashallowdepression（凹B自）ontheskinsurface.Asaresult,thesurroundingareastandsout.”（鸡皮疙瘩是由附着在每根毛发上的肌肉收缩引起的。每一块收缩的肌肉都会在皮肤外表形成一个浅的凹陷。因此，周边地区脱颖而出）可知讲了鸡皮疙瘩形成的原因，C选项“每当身体感到寒冷时，这种收缩也会导致毛发直立起来”切题，承接上文，继续说明鸡皮疙瘩形成的原因，应选C。【46题详解】根据上文“Inadditiontocold,thehairwillalsostandupinmanyanimalswhentheyfeelthreatened."（除了寒冷，许多动物在受到威胁时，它们的毛发也会竖起来）可知这里讲了动物在受到威胁的时候，它们的毛发也会竖起来。该空承接上文，举例说明，D选项“举个例子，当一只猫被狗攻击时，抬高的毛发会让猫看起来更大”切题，其中，选项中的“acat”对应上文中的“animals”，应选D。IV.Translation（16'）Directions:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets..我们镇上在修建新铁路。（town）（汉译英）【答案】Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt/constructedinourtown.【解析】【详解】考查名词、动词、时态和语态。结合原文，分析句子可知，讲述正在发生的事情，应使用现在进行时态；句意重组，“新铁路”作句子主语，用单数名词anewrailway表示，“修建”是谓语动词，可用build或者construct表示，与主语之间是被动关系，正在修建中，用现在进行时被动语态isbeingbuilt/constructed,“我们镇上”是地点状语，用inourtown表示。综上，全句译为：Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt/constructedinourtown..为了完成作业，他昨天熬夜到2点（purpose）（汉译英）【答案】Forthepurposeoffinishingthehomework,hestayeduplateuntil2a.m..【解析】【分析】【详解】靠名词，时态和短语。分析句子可知，主句为主谓结构，用一般过去时，主语he“他、谓语动词用短语stayuplate“熬夜"，时间状语until2a.m.,forthepurposeo中为了”是介词短语作状语，finishthehomework“完成作业”作介词宾语用动名词形式，故译为Forthepurposeoffinishingthehomework,hestayeduplateuntil2a.m.。【点睛】.钟南山为抗疫（C0VID-19）作出了巨大的贡献，这为他赢得了共和国勋章（theMedaloftheRepublic）o（earn）（汉译英）【答案】ZhongNanshanhascontributedgreatlytofighting/thefightagainstC0VID19andthisearnedhimtheMedaloftheRepublic.【解析】【详解】考查短语、动词和时态。结合句意，本句的时态应为现在完成时。表示“做出巨大贡献”用短语contributegreatlyto,to为介词，其后跟名词或动名词；表示“与斗争”用短语fightagainst/thefightagainst；表示“赢得”用earnsth.,结合句中汉语,故翻译为：ZhongNanshanhascontributedgreatlytofighting/thefightagainstC0VID19andthisearnedhimtheMedaloftheRepublic..我钦佩这位小女孩想成为超一流科学家的雄心，希望她的梦想能成真。（admire）（汉译英）【答案】Iadmirethelittlegirlforherambitiontobecomeasuperexcellentscientistandhopethatherdreamwillcometrue.【解析】【详解】考查名词、动词、时态、非谓语动词和宾语从句。结合原文，分析句子可知，全句描述当前情况，应使用一般现在时态；“钦佩”是谓语动词，用admire表示；“这位小女孩”是宾语，用thelittlegirl表示；“成为超一流科学家的雄心”是原因状语，可用介词短语forherambitiontobecomeasuperexcellentscientist表示，其中tobecomeasuperexcellentscientist是不定式作后置定语修饰名词ambition；“希望”是并列谓语动词，用并列连词and与admire连接，用hope表示；“她的梦想能成真”处理为宾语从句，用一般将来时，译%thatherdreamwillcometrue,其中动词短语cometrue意为“成为现实”。综上，全句译为：Iadmirethelittlegirlforherambitiontobecomeasuperexcellentscientistandhopethatherdreamwillcometrue.听力答案：1-5DBAAB6-10DBACC11-13CCD14-16BACquestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Hewastalkingwiththefamilyofhisboss.Hewasreadingthenewspaperforwork.Hewasputtinganoticeout.Hewasplantingtrees.A.Womenwerenotgoodattakingcareofplants.Hecouldgotoworkinhercompany.Therewouldbemanycustomersfromthenewofficepark.Hewasgoingoutofwork.A.Hewillbeproudoftheplantsofhiscompany.Hecanbetheownerofthecompanyheusedtoworkfor.Hecanhire10moreemployees.Hiscompanywillbethebiggestinthefieldinthecity.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.Therelationshipbetweenchildren'sstudyandTV.TheamountoftimechildrenspendwatchingTV.Thequalityofchildren'sentertainmentexperiences.ThepositiveeffectofwatchingTV.A.WatchingTV.B.Sportsactivities.C.Videogames.D.Shopping.A.Itspendstoomuchofviewers9time.ThereistoomuchviolenceonTV.Itmakesviewersinactiveinbodyandmind.Itsellsunwantedthingstoviewers.ILGrammarandVocabularySectionA(159)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Goingtothetheaterinsteadofthegymmightsoundlikeyou'relazy.However,anewstudysaidthatanightinthetheatercanhavethesameeffectonyourheart1halfanhourofexercise.ResearchbyUniversityCollegeLondon(UCL)andtheUniversityofLancasterfoundthat2(enjoy)alivetheaterperformanceisgoodforyourcardiovascular(心血管的)system.Thebenefits3beasmuchasthoseof28minutesofhealthyaerobicexercise(有氧运动).Atthetheater,theresearchersmonitoredtheheartrateof12individuals4(watch)Dreamgirls.They5(find)thattheirheartbeatwasattherangeof50to70percentoftheirmaximumheartrateduringtheperformance.AccordingtotheBritishHeartFoundation,thisis6idealheartratetopromotecardiofitness.Dr.JosephDevlinatUCLsaidthisclearlyprovedthat"attendingaliveperformancepromotescardiovascularactivity.”Thisstudyiscoupledwithresearch7(do)forEncoreTickets.ItisaticketcompanyforLondontheatersandattractions.Thirty-threepercentoftheater-goerssurveyedsaidthefeelingtheliveexperiencegavethemwas8(enjoyable)partofgoingtothetheater.AccordingtoDevlin,thisisduetothefact9beingpartofaliveaudienceincreasestheemotionalintensity(强度)oftheexperience.Thehighsandlowsofthetheaterperformanceallowformoodswings(T青绪波动),thusstimulatingtheheartandcausingheartrateactivity.Butit'snotyettime10(say)thatyoushouldn'talsobegoingtothegym.Thesetheatricalhighsonlyactasasupplement(补充)toexercise.Theycan'treplaceyourentirefitnessplan.【答案】1.as2.enjoying3.can4.watching5.found6.the7.done8.themostenjoyable9.that10.tosay【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了一项研究：去剧院看现场演出，对人们的心血管系统有好处。带给心脏的好处和半小时有氧运动的效果一样。【详解】1.考查固定结构。句意：然而，一项新的研究说明，晚上去剧院看演出对心脏的影响和半小时的运动(的效果)一样。固定结构：thesame…as…“和一样”，结合句中anightinthetheatercanhavethesameeffectonyourheart可知，此处要用as。故填as。.考查非谓语动词。句意：伦敦大学学院和兰卡斯特大学的研究发现，欣赏一场现场表演对你的心血管系统有好处。分析可知，(enjoy)alivetheaterperformance在句中为主语，表示一般性的动作，所以要用动名词作主语，故填enjoying。.考查情态动词。句意：(看现场演出)的好处和28分钟的健康有氧训练带来的好处同样多。结合句中asmuchas可知，此处是拿看现场的演出的有氧运动的好处作比照，所以此处表示推断，can“可能会”表示推断，故填can。.考查非谓语动词。句意：在剧院里，研究人员监测了12个看“追梦女郎”人的心率。分析可知，(watch)Dreamgirls为后置定语。修饰名词12individuals,与名词为主谓关系，所以此处要用现在分词。故填watching。.考查时态。句意：他们发现在表演过程中，他们的心跳在最大心率的50%到70%之间。空白处在句中为谓语，结合句中thattheirheartbeatwas可知，此处为一般过去时，故填foundo.考查冠词。句意：根据英国心脏基金会的说法，这是促进心脏健康的理想心率。分析可知,句中理想的心率指的就是前一句中attherangeof50to70percentoftheirmaximumheartrate,所以此处为特指，故填the。.考查非谓语动词。句意：这项研究与EncoreTickets的研究结合在一起。短语：becoupledwith"与结合在一起“，research与do为动宾关系，因句中已有谓语，所以此处要用非谓语的过去分词表被动，作后置定语，故填done。.考查形容词最高级。句意：33%的被调查者表示，现场体验带给他们的感觉是去剧院最愉快的局部。根据下文beingpartofaliveaudienceincreasestheemotionalintensity（强度）oftheexperience可知，此处指33%的被调查者谈论看现场演出带给他们的感觉，他们认为是最享受的，所以要用最高级。enjoyable"享受的”为多音节词，其最高级为themostenjoyable,故填themostenjoyableo.考查同位语从句。句意:根据Devlin的说法，这是因为作为现场观众的一局部，增加了体验的情感强度。分析可知，空白处及之后的内容为对名词fact的解释作用，另因beingpartofaliveaudienceincreasestheemotionalintensity（强度）oftheexperience句意完整，成分齐全，所以此处要用只起连接作用的hat来引导同位语从句。故填that。.考查固定句式。句意：但现在还不能说你不应该去健身房。固定句式：Itistimetodosth.意为“是该干某事的时候”，结合句中it'snotyettime,所以此处要用不定式。故填tosay。SectionB（1（F）Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.rewardingB.inspiredC.regionalD.valuesE.sharedF.customG.achievingH.coexistI.culturallyJ.deeplyK.traditionalIntheworkplace,theremanydifferentculturesthat11—includingthecompanyculture,thelocalcultureofthebusinessandthenationalorregionalculturesofemployees.Thecultureoftheworkplacestartswiththecompany'smissionandcore12andhelpstheleadershipteammanagetheemployees.Itaffectsallmajoroperations,includingrecruitingemployees,providingemployeeswithcompensation（赔偿金）andbenefitsand13employeesforgoodbehavior.Italsoinformsthewayanorganizationtrainsanddevelopsitsstaff,howitpromotesemployeesandanyworkplacetraditionsitfollows.Theworkenvironmentis14affectedbythecultureoftheorganization.Forexample,ifoneofthemainelementsoftheworkplacecultureisteamwork,employeeswillknowhowimportantitistohelponeanother.Theywillbelesscompetitivewitheachother,andwillinsteadfocusonsucceedingtogether.Suchaculturalfeaturecanenableteamstobehighlyproductiveandmotivated.Localcultureaffectsthewaypeoplebehaveintheworkplace.Forexample,ifitisainlocalculturetospendalotoftimeenjoyingthenaturallandscape,thenmanyemployeeswillplaceimportanceonthatactivityaswell.Employeescanuseelementsoflocalculturetoconnectwithandmotivatetheiremployees.Usingthisexampleofculturalbehavior,theworkplacecanofferoutdooractivitiesasprizesforbusinesstargets.Inaddition,havingcompanyfunctionsoutsideatthebeachoratalocalparkcanfurthermaketheemployeesengagedand17.Intoday'sglobaleconomy,it'scommonfbrworkplacestobemadeupofpeoplefromdifferentnationaland18cultures.Beingculturallysensitiveandawarehelpsemployeestocommunicateeffectivelywiththeirteammatesandworktoward19goals.IVsimportantforemployerstotakeculturaldiversityintoaccountwhenestablishingtheirworkplacepolicies.Teachemployeeshowtobe20sensitivetotheircolleaguesandcustomerswhohavedifferentculturalbackgrounds.【答案】11.H12.DTOC\o"1-5"\h\z13.A14.J15.F16.G17.B18.C19.E20.1【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了企业文化的重要性，包括对员工和企业本身的影响。【11题详解】考查动词和时态。句意：在工作场所，有许多不同的文化共存一一包括公司文化、当地企业文化和员工的国家或地区文化。根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时,根据句中“manydifferentculturesv可知，应该是许多不同的文化“共存”，“coexist”意为“共存”，动词词性，符合句意。应选H项。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：工作场所的文化始于公司的使命和核心价值观，并帮助领导团队管理员工。分析句子可知，“and”前的“mission”为名词且“core”为形容词,故空格处应用名词,根据句意可知，工作场所的文化应该始于公司的使命和核心“价值观”，“value”作“价值观”讲时，常用其复数形式“values”，名词词性。应选D项。【13题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它影响所有主要业务，包括招聘员工、向员工提供赔偿金和福利以及奖励行为良好的员工。根据句中"forgoodbehavior"可知，应该是“奖励”行为良好的员工，“reward”意为“奖励”，动词词性，句中"including"为介词，后接动名词作宾语,“reward”的动名词形式为“rewarding”。应选A项。【14题详解】考查副词。句意：工作环境深受组织文化的影响。分析句子可知，"affected"为动词，前面应用副词修饰，根据句意可知，工作环境应该是“深受”组织文化的影响，“deeply”意为“深深地”，副词词性，在句中作状语，符合句意。应选J项。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：例如，如果花大量时间欣赏自然景观是当地文化的一种习俗，那么许多员工也会重视这项活动。根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，空格处应用名词，根据句中“许多员工也会重视这项活动”可知，花大量时间欣赏自然景观是当地文化的一种“习俗”，“custom”意为“习俗”，为可数名词，根据空格前不定冠词“a”可知，空格处应用其单数形式。应选F项。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：利用这个文化行为的例子，工作场所可以提供户外活动作为实现商业目标的奖品。根据句意可知，应该是“实现”目标，才会有奖品，“achieve”意为“实现”，动词词性，“for”为介词，后接动名词作宾语，“achieve”的动名词形式为“achieving”。应选G项。【17题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：止匕外，在海滩或当地公园举行公司活动可以进一步使员工投入工作并激发员工的灵感。根据句意可知，在户外举行活动应该是为了激发员工的灵感，“inspire”意为“激励，赋予灵感”，动词词性，句中涉及“make+宾语+宾补”结构，"employees"与“inspire”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“inspire”的过去分词“inspired”作宾语补足语。应选B项。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：在当今的全球经济中，工作场所通常由来自不同国家和地区文化的人组成。分析句子可知，"cultures"为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，根据句意可知，应该是来自不同国家和“地区”文化的人，故空格处应用"regional",意为“地区的”，形容词词性，在句中作定语。应选C项。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：具有文化敏感性和意识有助于员工与队友有效沟通，并朝着共同目标努力。分析句子可知，“goals”为名词，前面应用形容词修饰，根据句意可知，员工应该是朝着“共同”目标努力，故空格处应用“shared”，意为“共享的，公用的"，形容词词性,在句中作定语。应选E项。【20题详解】考查副词。句意：教员工如何对具有不同文化背景的同事和客户保持文化敏感性。分析句子可知，"sensitive"为形容词，前面应用副词修饰，根据句意可知，应该是保持“文化”敏感性，"culturally"意为“文化地”，副词词性，在句中作状语，符合句意。应选I项。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA（159）Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.ItwasacoldJanuaryin1925inNome,Alaska.Thetownwascutofffromtherestoftheworldduetoheavysnow.Onthe20lhofthatmonth,Dr.Welch21asickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlyinfectious（传染的）diseasemainlyaffectingchildren.ThechildrenofNomewouldbe22ifitstruckthetown.Dr.Welchneededmedicineassoonaspossibletostopotherkidsfromgettingsick.23,theclosetsupplywasover1,000milesaway,inAnchorage.HowcouldthemedicinegettoNome?Thetown's24wasalreadyfullofice,soitcouldn'tcomebyship.Carsandhorsescouldn'ttravelonthe25roads.Jetairplanesandbigtrucksdidn'texistyet.26January26,Billyandthreeotherchildrenhaddied.Twentymoreweresick.Nome'stownofficialscameupwithaplan.Theywouldhavethemedicinesentby27fromAnchoragetoNenana.Fromthere,dogsled（狗拉雪橇）drivers-knownas“mushers"一would28ittoNomeinarelay（接力）.TheracebeganonJanuary27.Thefirstmusher,Shannon,pickedupthemedicinefromthetrainatNenanaandrodeallnight.29hehandedthemedicinetothenextmusher,Shannon'sfacewasblackfromtheextremecold.OnJanuary31,amushernamedSeppalahadto30afrozenbodyofwatercalledNortonSound.Itwasthemostdangerouspartofthejourney.NortonSoundwascoveredwithice,whichcouldsometimesbreakupwithoutwarning.Ifthathappened,Seppalamightfallintotheicywaterbelow.Hewould31,andsowouldthesickchildrenofNome.ButSeppalamadeitacross.AhugesnowstormhitonFebruary1.AmushernamedKaasenhadtobravethisstorm.Atonepoint,hugepilesofsnowbloc