专升本英语语法知识归纳(完整版)62670

一

时态和语态：16

种表现形式一、一般现在时（do/does;

am/is/are)考点如下：时间状语：表示客观事实，永恒真理和规律。必考点

1：3.（主将从现）在时间和条件状语从句中，从句中的谓语动词用一般现在时表示一般将来时。考法：

If

you

pass

the

spokenEnglish

test,

you

will

get

a

chance

to

go

abroad.解析：

考试一般都会给出时间/条件连词，且从句中的时态，让考生们选择主句中的时态。注意1：如果从句中的时态是do/does,

那么主句中是will

do/

shall

do/

be

going

to

do/

beabouttodo/beto

do. (be

动词为

am/is/are; 这里

will

do

出现的考点频率最高）注意

2：如果从句中的时态是

did,

那么主句中是

would

do/

shouldl

do/

begoing

todo/

beabouttodo/beto

do. (be

动词为

was/were; 这里

would/should

do

出现的考点频率最高）2.

He

assoonashefinisheshis

homework.A.goesto

bedC.wentto

bedB.willgoesto

bedD.willgoto

bed主将从现

例题：用所给词的适当形式填空：Ifhe

(study)harder,hewillcatchupwithus

soon.Frank

(see)afilmifhe’sfreenext

Saturday.Wewon’tgotothepark

if

it

(rain)tomorrow.注意

3：主句中暗含一般将来时，从句中仍然用一般现在时（do/does)

：1.thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonas

she

a.will

arrivec.is

arrivingb.

arrivesd.isgoingto

arrive---canIjoinyourclub,

Dad?---youcan

when

you

abit

older.get b.will

get c.are

gettingd.willhave

get3.remembertosendmeaphotoofyoursonnext

time

you

to

me.d.would

writea.

write b. will

write c.are

writingIf

Mr.Smith

back,pleaseletme

know.A.

will

come B.

comes C.

came D.had

come必考点

2：4.

the

more...,

the

more...句型完整句型：The+形容词/副词的比较级+（名词）+主语+谓语，the+形容词/副词的比较级+（名词）+主语+谓语.Eg: Themorebookshereads,thehappierhe

is.12

年真题：18

题

shesaid,

she

got.themore

excitedexcitedthemore

excitedexcitedThe

moreMoreMuchThe

much翻译练习题：他越忙就越高兴。Thebusierheis,thehappierhe

feels.你越用功,进步就越大。Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwill

make.二、一般过去时（did;

was/were）

考点如下：时间状语：lastweek/year/month;

yesterday;in

2003;before

ago

必考点：关于

use

的短语

方法：根据主语定sb.used

to

do "过去常常"（肯定表否定）sb.be/get/becomeusedtodoing

sth.“某人习惯于做某事”sth.beusedtodo

sth.sth.beuesdfordoing

sth.sth.usedto

be

done "某物被用来做。。。"三、一般将来时（will

do）考点如下：表现形式：

will

do

/be

going

todo/be

to

do

/be

aboutto

do...when...必考点：表位移的方向性瞬间动词用一般现在时或者是现在进行时表将来（一般用于列车时刻表的出发或者是离开）必考点： leave

; come;go;start;arrive；begin;take

off11

年真题 19

题His

train

at9:00tomorrowmorning.Iwillseehimoff.A.

leavesC.willhave

leftB.is

leftD.willbe

left四、现在进行时 （am/is/are

doing)常与

now

连用，表示现在正在做某事常与

always,

constantly,

continually

连用，表达一种感情色彩必考点：表方向性的位移瞬间动词用现在进行时表将来leave;come;go;start;arrive;

move五、现在完成时（have/hasdone）

考点如下：1.

必考点：提示词(1).

since

+

过去时间点

/句子（did），主句（have/has

done) e.g. since

1995(2).

for

+

一段时间 e.g. for5years(3).lately、recently、so

far=up

to

now=by

now=till

now、just、already、these

days(4).

in/over/during/for+

thepast/last

+few/具体数字+years/days/months1.

we

theJourneytotheWestsincewewere

young.a. sawc.have

seenb. have

seed. havebeen

seen2.hurryup!the

film

forten

minutes.b. has

begund.

beginsa.had

begunc. began用所给词的适当形式填空：I

already

(see)the

film.

I

(see)itlast

week.

he

(finish)hisworktoday?Notyet.

you

(be)toHongKong

?Yes,

I

(be)theretwice

.He

just

(finish)hishomework.六：过去完成时(had

done)与将来完成时(willhave

done)必考点总结：过去完成时：by

/by

the

end

of

+

过去时间（by

last

week/month/year）将来完成时：by/by

the

endof+将来时间

（by

next/this

week/month/year)Eg:wehadfinished

allthecoursesbytheendoflastterm.Wewillhavefinished

allthecoursesbytheendofnext

term.过去完成时：by

the

time/when

+(did),

主句（had

done）将来完成时：bythe

time/when

+(do/does),主句（willhave

done)Eg:whenhecamewehadeatenallthe

food.whenhecomeswewillhaveeatenallthe

food.七：固定句型（必考点） 4

个It/This/That+

is

+the+序数词/形容词的最高级+(n.)+

that+

句子（have/has

done）It/This/That+

was

+the

+序数词/形容词的最高级+(n.)+

that+

句子（haddone）hardly/scarcely…when;nosooner…thanhope/expect/plan/promise/besure/assure+that+(一般将来时：will/shalldo

)5.hoped/expected/planed/promised/be

sured/assured…+that+(过去将来时：would/should

do)本希望/本期盼/本想/….（虚6.had+hoped/expected/thought/intended/meant/supposed/wanted拟语气）+句子（did）过去完成时： 例题赏析：1. whenwearrivedatthecinema,

the

tickets

.a. sold outc.hadbeensold outb. sells

outd.hadsold

out2.WhenIreachedhome,

my

parents

their

supper.A.are

havingC.have

hadB.havealready

hadD.hadalready

had(3)We

theworkbysixyesterday

evening.A.

finishedC.had

finishedB.wouldfinishD.hadbeen

finished(4)DidyouseeXiaoLiatthe

party?

No,

bythetimeI

arrived.B.she'sleftD.shemust

leaveA.she

had

leftC.Shewas

left12年21

题1. Hardly

hadhefinished

his

speech

theaudiencestarted

cheering.a.

when10年22

题Hardlyb.than c.and d.

aswhenaloudexplosionwas

heard.a.thetrainhadstartedb.had

thetrain

startedc.thetrain

strated d.didthetrainstart将来完成时：例题演练：1.

Bytheendof

thisyear

,Ienoughmoneyfora

holiday.A.willhave

saved

C.willsavedB.willbe

savingD.have

saved2.“Are

yougoingto

Richard”sbirthdayparty?"Yes.By

then

I

myhomework..”B.willhave

finishedA.had

finishedC.wouldhave

finishedD.finishedIhope

that

they

theroadbythetimewe

come

back.A.willhave

repairedwouldhave

repairedhave

repaired D.had

repairedshall

stayhave

stayed

D.B. willhave

stayedhavebeen

stayingBythetimeyouarrive

in

London, we

inEuropefortwoweeks.A.C.The

conference

afullweekbythetimeit

ends.A.musthave

lastedC.would

lastB.willhave

lastedD.has

lastedAll

the

machines

bytheendofthefollowing

week.A.

were

repaired B.willbe

repairedC.have

been

repaired Dwillhavebeen

repaired09

年 23题Professor

Liu

hereforoverthirtyyearswhenhe

retires.a.will

teachc.willbe

teachingb.willhavebeentaught

d.willhavetaught10年19题Bythetimeyouarrive

inLondon,

the

Smiths

inEuropeforthree

weeks.b.havebeen

staying

d.willhave

stayeda.have

stayedc.shall

stay12

年 19

题They

fromtheuniversitybytheendofthis

month.a.are

graduatingc.have

graduatedb.would

graduated.willhave

graduated将来完成时&将来完成进行时：1.

I

hereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendofthisyear.

a. shallhavebeen

working shall

workedworkedamworkingwe

fortenhourswhentheycome

back.will

workwillhave

workedwillhavebeen

workingWork注意：当现在完成时和现在完成时同时出现在选项中，优选现在完成进行时（have/has

beendoing)1.

I

hereinthisfactoryfortwentyyearsbytheendofthisyear.

a. shallhavebeen

workingshall

workedworkedamworkingwe

fortenhourswhentheycome

back.will

workwillhave

workedwillhavebeen

workingwork语态真题：20. Your

computer

needs .a.

repairc.to

repairb.

repairingd.being

repaired注意：同样考点的词：need/want/worth/require/request/deserve+doing

sth.表示被动语态二定语从句：句子成分：主谓是基础，宾表可有可无，定状补是辅助.句子分类：简单句，并列句，复合句简单句：1.主语+不及物动词主谓：

He

moved.2.主语+及物动词+宾语

主谓宾：

we

likeTu

Lei.

/He

moved

to

BJ.主语+不及物动词+介词+宾语主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补语

主谓宾

宾补：I askhimto

leave.主语+双宾动词+间宾（人）+直宾（物）主谓

间宾

直宾：He

gives

me

a

letter.主语+系动词+表语主系表：

She

isnice./She

is

a

student.6.Therebe

句型 Thereare20peopleinthe

hall.并列句：由

and,

or

,but

,notonly…butalso…, neither…nor…等连词连接两个并列句子Wearenotonlyfriendsbutalsowearegood

sisters.Wedonotlikeher,butshelikes

us.Wewentshoppingandweboughtalotoftoyslast

Sunday.复合句：定语从句（形容词性从句）/名词性从句/状语从句（副词性从句）定语：形容词做定语，修饰名词或代词。Eg: green

leaf

; redflower;handsomeboy;beautifulgirl;big

one;定语从句：一、概念:

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的句子.(在句子中作定语)Eg:Theboywho

iswearingglassesisHarryPorter

.Eg:HarryPorterisaboywhohasmagic

power.引导定语从句的关系代词6

个：who/whom/that/whose/as/which引导定语从句的关系副词3

个：when/where/why关系代词在定语从句中做（主语/宾语/定语）判断关键：关系代词+不完整句子关系副词+完整句子各个关系代词考点总结：That

:1.

熟悉什么情况下只能选择

that①序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时TomisthecleverestboythatIhaveever

known.ItisthefirstplaythatIhaveseensinceIcame

here.②先行词被

every,

some,no,

all,

any,

little,

much

等修饰时。I’vereadallthebooksthatyoulend

me.③ everything,

something,

nothing,

all,

anything,

little,

much

等不定代词作先行词时Everythingthatwesawinthisfilmwas

true.④先行词被

the

only,

the

very,

the

same,

the

last修饰时。Thisistheverybookthatbelongsto

him.⑤主句已有

who或

which时Whoisthegirlthatisstandingunderthetree?Whichisthemachinethatweusedlast

Sunday.⑥当先行词同时指人和物时I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthingsthatyoutalkedaboutjust

now.2.

考点：在定于从句中，介词不能加

that

, 考试时，看到这些

on/of/about/

for+that

直接排除。that

不引导非限制性定语从句，考试时，看到题干中有逗号时，直接排除

that

以及

what

在定语从句中差表语，可用

thatEg:heisnotthepersonthatusedtobe.考点题：Is

this

factory

youvisitedlastyear?A.

The

one

b.

That c.

Which d.

whereIsthis

the

factory

youvisitedlast

year?A.

The

one

b.

That c.Who d.

whereWhich

的用法总结：在非限制性定语从句中，看到题干有逗号，且定于从句是不完整的，选择

which.介词+which

考点居多in

which=whereonwhich=whenforwhich=

why当定语从句中先行词为表时间/地点/原因的词时，且定于从句是不完整的，这时关系词选择

which/that

皆可。但注意一定不能选择

when/where/whyEg：Haveyoueveraskedhim

the

reason

mayexplainhisabsencefromtheclassA

why B

when C

that Dwhat当先行词表示人物身份，职位，头衔时，关系词选择

which,不能选择

who.Eg:sheisaactor,

which

isknownto

us.As

考点总结：固定搭配：the

same

+n.+as+定语从句；

such

+n.+as

+定语从句一般位于句首的固定搭配：Asisknown

to

all,

.As

is

seen/reported,

.Whose

的考点总结：选项中出现

whose

时，一定要慎重考虑是否满足一下条件：题干中空格前后都有名词，且把空格去掉，空格的前后名词有所属关系时，选择

whose。Eg:ilikethebookwhose

coloris

yellow.Way

做先行词时，关系词可以用

that/inwhich/

"不用/"Eg:idonotlikethewaythat/inwhich/"/"hespeaksto

me.三．

名词性从句：名词从句连接词连接词是否作成分连接词是否省略对应的简单句类型从属连词that不作成分且无实义宾从中可以省略陈述句从属连词whether

;

if不作成分“是否”不能省（是否）一般疑问句连接副词

when/where/why/how作状语不能省特殊疑问句连

接

代

词

：

whowhomwhatwhichwhose作主

语/

宾语

/

表语whowhom

what作

定

语

：

which

+n.“哪个”whose

+n.不能省特殊疑问句Eg:主语从句 Whatyouneedismore

practice.宾语从句 Wemustfindoutwhodidall

this.表语从句 Thequestioniswhetheritisworth

doing.同位语从句

The

visitor

expressed

his

hope

thathe

would

visit

China

again.学习要领：连接词(重点)从句中的语序（陈述句语序）时态一致（宾从）注意：考点一：that

在名词性从句中考点，that

加完整句子，不做任何成分。句型一：Itis/was

+adj./n.+

that+完整从句(should

do/be

done)表虚拟句型二：

The

reasonfor

+n./n.短语+

is/was

that

…The

reasonwhy+完整句子+is/was

that

…Eg:Thereasonforhisabsencewasthat

hehasleftthe

city.句型三：

以下红色字体必须记住news/fact/hope/idea/doubt/evidence/information/message/word/problem/promise/wish/question/truth+that+完整从句Wewerealloverjoyedat

the

news

theexperimentturnedouta

success.A.

which B.

that C.

when D.

what注意考点：同位语从句说明的名词有时会和后面的同位语从句分隔：Anideacame

to

her

shemightdotheexperimentinanother

way.A.

that

B.

what C.whenD.

which句型四：强调句型：It

is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分.注意：此句型不强调谓语；谓语动词由

do/does/did+动词原形表强调。历年来，考察强调的时间和地点居多，因此考生只需记住以下固定结构，也可选择正确答案。即看到

in/on/at/about任何一个就选择

that：It

is/was

+in/on/at/about+n.+that+完整句子.Itwasin

librarythat

ImetMarythis

morning.句型五：

think/find/

feel/consider/

make/

believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/see

to

+it+

(adj./n.)+that

宾语从句Eg:Ithinkitnecessarythat

wetakeplentyofhotwaterevery

day.考点二：what

的考法：当

what

前无名词，后面句子不完整时，选择

what;

反之，是不能选择的，直接排除。如：What

surprises

me

is

thatthey

have

finished

allthe

work

in

one

day.总结：当选项中有

what

时，且空格位于句首，大多数情况都选择

what.whether⑴.Prep.+whether:Eg:wecannot

find

out

(whether/if)he

leaves.考点三：whether

用法总结：看到题干中有

or

not

,

选项有

whether,就选

whether.选项中有

whether

和

if时，若空格后有

todo,

直接选择

whether.Eg: whethertodo:Icannotdecide

whether

(whether/if)to

stay.考点四：若选项中出现

it,

记住以下句型。注意：红色单词必须记住，考点频率高。think/find/feel/consider/make/believe/regard/hate/take/owe/have/seeto+it+(adj./n.)+todo

sth.Eg:Ithinkit

necessarytotakeplentyofhotwaterevery

day.因此，给考生总结出怎么判断不同的从句：定语从句：n./pron.+从句（完整句子或不完整句子）同位语从句：特定的

n.

+that

从句（完整句子）主语从句:

从句+is/was/does宾语从句：v./prep./adj.+从句表语从句：be/feel/looks+从句状语从句：主句+conj.+完整从句完整从句+conj.+主句关于状语从句，考生们必须记住引导九种状语从句的连词各自含义。四．

主谓一致重点：1.

就近原则notonly…butalso…;not…but…;neither…nor…;either…or…;

这个已考or;perhaps;Notonlyhe

but

also

I

know

the

matter.

KnowNeithermybrothersnormy

fatherlikesfootball.are notenoughfor

me.Oneortwo

sandwiches2.andn.+and+n.+复数谓语xiaoliandxiaohongare

ss.(1) A=each/every/manya/no如果

A

修饰

and

前后的两个单数名词或者

A

只修饰

and前或后面的一个单数名词时，谓语单数。Eachminuteandeverysecondisvaluable/cherishforus.Eachminuteandsecondisvaluable/cherishfor

us.Minuteandeverysecondisvaluable/cherishforus.B=a/an/the

如果

B修饰

and

前后两个单数名词时，谓语复数。如果

B

只修饰

and

前面名词，不修饰后面的名词，谓语单数。Themanagerandtheboardattendthe

meeting.Themanagerandboardattendsthemeeting.And

前后的主语

表示单一概念或指同一个物体时，谓语单数Breadandbutterismy

favor.Earlytobedandearlytoriseisagoodhabit.When

and

where

+单数谓语Peace

and

war+单数谓语Fork

and

knife

+单数谓语many

a

/more

than

one+单数名词+单数谓语

"许多“Manyaboylikes

TULEI.More

than

one

of+可数名词复数+复数谓语

quantities

of+C./U.+复数谓语从句中的谓语动词：定语从句：从句中谓语取决于先行词主句+one

of

+复数名词（先行词）+关系词+定语从句（复数谓语）主句+the/only/very/the

only/the

very+one

of

+复数名词（先行词）+关系词+定语从句(单数谓语)Eg:sheisoneof

theteacherswhospeak

French

well.sheistheonly

oneof

theteacherswhospeaks

French

well.注意：one

of

+复数名词做主语+单数谓语Oneoftheguardswas

sleeping.分数或百分数加名词作主语，谓语取决于分数或百分数后的名词分数表达法：one/two-second/third/fourth/fifthOne-second;two-fifths20

percent

of

+复数名词Two–fifthsofthestudents

leave.Three-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceis

coveredwithwater.40percentofthestudentscome

here.五．

反义疑问句含有

must

用法Must

作情态动词

must+do

必须Must, mustn’t/

needn’t

+主语？Mustn’t,must+主语？Eg:youmustfinishthetaskbefore5p.m.,mustn”tyou/needn"tyou?Wemustn’tbelate,must

we?Must

表示推测时：Must+do对现在情况推测“一定是“，

反义部分用

Must

后面的动词Eg:hemustbe

a

teacher, isn’t

he?HemustarriveatGZ,doesn”t

he?Must

对过去肯定的推测，

must

have

done

“一定做过某事“如果句中有明确的过去时间，（yesterday/last

week/month/year/night）,

反义部分用

didn”t

+主语？Eg:itmusthaverainedlastnight,didn”t

it?如果句中没有明确的过去时间词，反义部分用

haven”t

/hasn”t+主语？itmusthaverained,hasn”t

it?复合句A.I/we

+think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect

+that

从句，看从句不看主句？Ithinkheisagoodman,

isn”t

he?Idon”tthinkheisagoodman,ishe

?B.you/he/she/+think/believe/suppose/imagine/guess/expect+that

宾语从句,反义部分看主句不看从句？Mymotherthinksthatheisagoodman,doesn”t

she?Mymotherdoesn”tthinkthatheisagoodman,does

she?陈述句中主语是不定代词：指人：everyone=everybody;someone/nobody/noonethese/

those

反义部分主语

they.Everyoneisuniqueintheworld,aren’t

they?主语：something/everything/nothingto

do/doing/从句/this/that,

反义主语用

it.Thisisnotmyfault,is

it?Learningisgoodhabit,isn’t

it?虚拟语气(1).

If

的虚拟倒装是重点：当选项中有

had/were/should

时，记住以下结构：should

位于句首情况已考，不会再考。Should

+主语+do/be,

主句（would/should/could/might

+do).Were

+主语+todo,

主句（（would/should/could/might

+do).Had+主语+done,

主句（（would/should/could/might

+do).(2)

（should）

do/（should）

be

done表虚拟的考点：考生看到以下蓝色单词直接在选项中去找答案是动词原形或者

be+done

结构的选项。suggest(tion)/propose/proposal/advise/advice/order/command/important/imperative/necessary/essential/urgent/strange/naturalincase/forfearthat/lest/apity/nowander/ashame/+(should）do/（should）bedoneSuggest

和

essential

已考，不会再考，但要注意其他单词。wish/wouldrather/wouldsooner/asif/ifonly+did(对现在虚拟）

wish/would

rather/would

sooner/asif/if

only+had

done（对过去虚拟）wish/would

rather/would

sooner/as

if/if

only+would/could/might

do(对将来）Wish

+coulddo

已考。不会再考，但要注意其他时态。只要出现wish/would

rather/would

sooner/asif/if

only

，

选项中有

did/

haddone

/would

do

任何一个出现，就选择。。Otherwise/butfor/without+woulddo/wouldhave

doneOtherwise

+would

have

done

已考,

只要出现

otherwise,

答案就是

would

have

done.

今后可能会在用所给词的适当形式填空里面。另外，

在大多数情况下，选择题中，出现了

but

for/withour,也是选择

would

havedone

的选项。六．

非谓语动词Todo

表示将要去做（主动语态）To

be

done

表示将要被（被动语态）Doing

正在做某事（主动语态）Beingdone

正在被（现在分词的被动）Done做完某事（被动语态）Having

done

做完某事（主动语态）Having

beendone

做完某事（被动语态）1.

分词作状语题：注意整句只有一个主语Eg:John,

thebet,hadtopayforthe

dinner.A.

Lost b.

Having

lost c.Losing d.Having

loss解析：d

选项

loss

是名词”惊慌”，故排除。A

选择

lost

可以当作是过去时，但句中无连词，又有

2

个谓语就不成立，若当作过去分词就表示被动，但题意是说

john

打赌输了，应该是主动语态，故排除。C

losing

表示正在进行动作，但题意是

hadto

表示事情已经发生，故排除。Bhaving

lost

表示事情发生，且表示主动语态。因此选择

B.独立主格结构With

+n.+

to

do/doing/done,