外科专业英语

酸碱平衡和水电解质紊乱acid-basedisorders酸碱失衡acid-basebalance酸碱平衡acute/chronicacidosis急性/慢性酸中毒acidemia酸血症acute/chronicalkalosis急性/慢性碱中毒alkalemia碱血症simpleacid-basedisorder单纯性酸碱失衡mixedacid-basedisorder混合性酸碱失衡buffersystem缓冲对系统deltagap阳离子间隙respiratoryalkalosis呼碱metabolicalkalosis代碱hyperchloremia高氯血症hyperoxemia高氧血症hypercalcemia高钙血症hyperkalemia高钾血症hypernatremia高钠血症magnesiumexcess镁过多hypermagnesemia高镁血症hyperphosphatemia高磷血症aniongap阴离子间隙respiratoryacidosis呼酸metabolicacidosis代酸hypochloremia低氯血症hypoxemia低氧血症hypocalcemia低钙血症hypokalemia低钾血症hyponatremia低钠血症magnesiumdeficiency镁缺乏hypomagnesemia低镁血症hypophosphatemia低磷血症hypercapnia高碳酸血症posthypercapnicmetabolicalkalosis高碳酸血症后碱中毒diabeticketoacidosis糖尿病酮症酸中毒uremia尿毒症lacticacidosis乳酸酸中毒saline-responsivealkalosis盐水反应性碱中毒

saline-resistantalkalosis盐水抵抗性碱中毒isotonicdehydration等渗性缺水hypotonicdehydration低渗性缺水hypertonicdehydration高渗性缺水edema水肿waterintoxication水中毒休克shock休克traumaticshock创伤性休克shocklung休克肺软组织感染furuncle疖paronychiaacutephlegmon急性蜂窝织炎hemorrhagicshock失血性休克septicshock脓毒性休克shockkidney休克肾erysipelas丹毒acutelymphangitis急性淋巴管炎acutelymphadenitis急性淋巴结furunculosis将病carbuncle痈abscess脓肿acuteulcer急性溃疡chroniculcer慢性溃疡fistulacannulas痿管sinustract窦道felon脓性指头炎外科营养肠外营养parenteralnutrition或intravenousnutrition肠内营养enteralnutrition代谢性并发症metaboliccomplications胆汁淤积cholestasis基础能量消耗basalenergyexpenditureBEE误吸aspiration腹泻diarrhea外科手术手术刀scalpel刀片blade刀柄hilt手术剪surgicalscissorsarticulo-关节burso-Harticulo-关节burso-Hmyelo-骨髓vertebra才隹骨-malacia软化蚊式止血钳mosquitoforceps手术镣forceps持针器needleholder拉钩retractor环钳ringforceps丝线silksuture剥离dissection结扎ligation剪线cuttingsuture弓I流drainagecranio-颅chondro-软骨spondylo一椎骨fascio-筋膜-porosis多孔vertebraen.椎骨止血钳hemostaticforceps直血管钳straightclamp弯血管钳Kellyclamp有齿止血钳kocherforceps组织钳tissueforcepsorallisforceps缝合针sutureneedle巾钳towelclip不可吸收缝线nonabsorbablesuture切开incision止血hemostasis缝合suture拆线removingsuture骨科arthro-关节osteo->costo-肋骨thoraco-胸的teno/tendo/tendino肌-kinesia运-trophy发育1、中轴骨AXIALBONESbonen.骨ribn.肋cervicalvertebrae颈椎thoracicvertebrae胸椎lumbarvertebrae腰椎sternumn.胸骨22、颅SKULLskulln. parietalbone顶骨occipitalbone枕骨 emporalbone题骨ethmoidbone筛骨mandiblen.下颌sacrumn.舐骨sternalmanubrium胸骨柄atlasn.寰椎sternalangle胸骨角coccyx尾骨xiphoidprocess佥U突axisn.枢椎thoraciccage胸廓frontalbone额骨sphenoidbone蝶骨骨hyoidbone舌骨vomern.犁骨vomern.犁骨nasalbone鼻骨inferiornasalconcha下鼻甲maxillan.上颌骨lacrimalbone泪骨palatinebone腭骨zygomaticbone颗骨orbitn.眶coronalsuture冠状缝sagitalsuture矢状缝lambdoidsuture人字缝cranialfontanelle颅冈2、附肢骨TARSALBONESANDEXTREMITALBONESclaviclen.锁claviclen.锁骨radiusn.模骨metacarpalbone堂骨hipbone髓骨pubisn.耻骨tibian.胫骨metatarsalbone跖骨scapulan.肩月甲ulnan.尺骨phalangesn.指骨:iliumn.骼骨femurn.月殳骨fibulan.腓骨humerusn.肱骨carpalbone腕骨趾骨ischiumn.坐骨patellan.骸骨tarsalbone跑骨4、关节韧带flexionn.屈extensionn.flexionn.屈extensionn.伸展adductionn.收medialrotation旋内lateralrotation旋外pronationn旋前.supinationn.旋后circumductionn.环转vertebralcolumn脊柱temporal-mandibularjoint卸下颌关节articulationn.关节ligamentn.韧带intervertebraldisc椎间盘shoulderjoint肩关节elbowjoint肘关节radiocarpaljoint椀腕关节pelvisn.骨盆hipjoint魏关节kneejoint膝关节anklejoint踝关节arthrographyn.关节造影compactan骨密度epiphysisn骨髓ossificationn.骨化synovialjoints滑膜关节fibrous纤维连结syndesmosis韧带连结cartilaginousjoints软骨连结articularsurface(cavity)关节面(腔)suture缝articulardisk关节盘articularlabrum关节唇articularcapsule关节囊extracapsularligament囊夕卜韧带intracapsularligament囊内韧带yellowligament黄韧带fibrouslayer(membrane纤维层，纤维膜synoviallayer(membrane)滑膜层，滑膜ynovialfold(villi)滑膜谖synovialfluid滑液circumduction环转运动vertebraljoints椎骨连结ionterspinousligament棘间韧带intertransverseligament®突间韧带Intervertebralsymphysis椎间联合interverbraldiscs椎间盘Fibrousrings纤维环Pulpiformnucleus髓核—AnterioEongitudinal前纵韧带Posterio门ongitudinal后纵韧带Zygapophysialjoint关节突关节Lumbosacraljoint腰舐连结Costovertebraljoints肋椎关节Jointofcostalhead肋头关节Lambdoidsuture人字缝Costotransversejoint肋横突关节Cranialsuture颅缝Sternocostaljoints胸肋关节Coronal(sagittal)suture冠矢状缝Synchondrosesofcranium颅结合Temporomandibularjoint卸下颌关节jointsofshouldergirdle上肢带连结coracoacromialligament喙间韧带Coracoclavicularligament喙锁韧带Acromioclavicularjoint肩锁关节Elbowjoint肘关节Sternoclavicularjoint胸车费关节Shoulderjoint肩关节Humeroulnarjoint肱尺关节Jointsofhand手关节Humeroradialjoint肱楮关节Radiocarpaljoint,wristjoint楮腕关节，腕关节Intercarpaljoints腕骨间关节Carpometacarpaljoints腕皇关节Carpometacarpaljointofthumb拇指腕掌关节Intermetacarpaljoints掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangealjoints掌指关节Interphalangealjointsofhand指骨间关节Jointsofpelvicgirdle下肢带连结Pubicsymphysis耻骨联合Interpubicdisc耻骨间盘Obturatormembrane闭孔膜Sacroiliacjoints舐骼关节Pelvis骨盆Sacrotuberousligament1氏结节韧带Greater(lesser)sciaticforamen^骨大(小)孑LTerminalline界线Greater(lesser)pelvis大小骨盆Superior(posterior)pelvicaperture骨盆上下口Pubicarch耻骨弓Subpubicangle耻骨下角Pelviccavity骨盆腔Jointsoffreelowerlimb自由下肢连结Hipjointft关节Kneejoint膝关节Transverseacetabularli城臼横韧带Ligamentofheadoffemur股骨头韧带Medial(lateral)meniscus内夕卜侧半月板Transverseligamentofknee黍横韧带Anteriorcruciateligament前交叉韧带Posteriorcruciateligament后交叉韧带Fibular(tibial)collateralligament腓(胫)侧副韧带Ligamentofpatella震韧带Tibiofibularjoint胫用l关节Tibiofibularsyndesmosis月至腓连结Cruralinterosseousmembrane」、腿骨间膜Jointsoffoot足关节anklejoint,踝关节talocruraljoint,距小腿关节intertarsaljoints跑骨间关节subtalarjoint,talocalcanealjoint品巨下关节品巨跟关节transversetarsaljoint跑横关节talocalcaneonavicularjoint距跟舟关节tarsometatarsaljoint射跖关节transversearch^t弓intermetatarsaljoints跖骨间关节metatarsophalangealjoint®趾关节interphalangealjointsoffoot跖骨间关节archoffoot,tarsometatarsalarch£弓，射跖弓medial(lateral)longitudinalarch内(外)侧纵弓其他Arthrosclerosis关节硬化Chondromalacia软骨软化症DegeneratedJointDiseas变性关节炎Bonegraft骨移植ClavicleFracture锁骨骨折PelvicFracture骨盆骨折PlasticParisCast整形硬石膏Amputation截肢MatastaticLesion转移性损害Osteoporosis骨质疏松症ProsthesisReplacement人工弥补置换术腹部脏器Stomach胃Liver肝Smallintestine小肠Colon结肠(ascendingtransversedescendingsigmoid)Duodenum十二指肠 Jejunum空肠Ileum回肠Pancreas胰SpleenBileduct胆管GallbladderDuodenum十二指肠 Jejunum空肠Ileum回肠Pancreas胰SpleenBileduct胆管Gallbladder胆囊KidneyRectum直肠Cecum盲肠largeintestine大肠vermiformappendix阑尾analcanal肛管辅助检查Abdominocentesis腹腔穿刺Urinalysis尿分析Abdominalultrasonography腹部超声检查Bariumenema钡灌肠Bariumenema钡灌肠Bariumswallow钡餐Liverbiopsy肝活检Stoolculture粪检Retrogradepyelogram逆行肾盂造影Endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatograph修内镜逆行性胆胰管造影Bloodureanitrogen血尿素氮Urinecultureandsensitivity尿培养和敏感试验UrinalysisLiverbiopsy肝活检Stoolculture粪检Retrogradepyelogram逆行肾盂造影Endoscopicretrogradecholangiopancreatograph修内镜逆行性胆胰管造影Bloodureanitrogen血尿素氮Urinecultureandsensitivity尿培养和敏感试验Urinalysis尿分析内镜Gastroscopy胃窥镜Enteroscopy小肠内镜Colonoscopy结肠内镜Cystoscopy膀胱镜ureteroscope输尿管镜术式Highlyselectivevagotomy高选择性迷走神经切断术Gastrojejunostomy胃空肠吻合术Truncalvagotomy迷走神经切断术Laparotomy开腹Enterectomy肠切除术Enterectomy肠切除术Appendectomy阑尾切除术Choledochectomy胆总管切除术Colectomy结肠切除术Cholecystectomy胆囊切除术Cholecystectomy胆囊切除术Colostomy结肠造痿Subtotalgastrectomy胃大部切除术Pancreatoduodenectomy胰十二指肠切除术Right/lefthemicolectomy右/左半结肠切除术Abdominoperinealresection腹会阴联合直肠癌切除术Lowanteriorresection直肠彳氐位前切除术Hepatectomy肝切除术Nephrectomy肾切除术Nephronsparingsurgery保留肾单位手术Ureteroneocystostomy膀月光输尿管吻合术orchiectomy;testectomy睾丸切除术ureterectomy输尿管切除术cystectomy膀胱切除术cysto-urethralanastomosis®胱输尿管吻合术partialorradicalnephrectomy局部/根治性肾切除术PCNL：percutaneousnephrostolithotomy经皮肾取石术ESWL:extracorporealshockwavelithotripsy体外冲击波碎石术Surgicalexploration手术探查

心胸外valveprosthesis人工瓣膜bicuspid二尖瓣tricuspidvalve三尖瓣pulmonaryvalve肺动脉瓣aorticvalve主动脉瓣ventricle心室atriumpl.atrial心房interatrial心房间的atrioventricular房室的intrventricular心室间的atrialseptum房间隔ventricuarseptum室间隔angiography血管造影aortography主动脉造影pneumotharax；aerothorax气胸tensionpneumotharax张力性气胸pleuraleffussion胸腔积液hydrothorax胸腔积液puncture穿刺thoracocentesis胸腔穿刺术drainage弓I流closedthoracicdrainage闭式胸腔引流mitralstenosis二尖瓣狭窄rheumaticvalvedisease风湿性瓣膜病aorticstenosis动脉硬化mitralregurgitation二尖瓣反流valvuloplasty瓣膜成形术aorticstenosis主动脉瓣狭窄aorticstenosis主动脉瓣狭窄arteriosclerosis动脉粥样硬化hemorrhage出血angi/o血管 vas/o血管arter/oarteri/o动脉phleb/o静脉 ven/o静脉aorticregurgitation主动脉反流intravenous静脉内的hematuria血尿vascul/o血管 aort/o主动脉ather/o动脉thromb/o血栓 venule微静脉arteriole微动脉angiostenosis血管狭窄ischemia缺血venacava腔静脉

神外大脑： 神外大脑： cerebrum脑桥： brainstem脑桥： pons小脑： cerebellum沟：sulci横裂： transversfissue顶叶： Parietallobe枕叶： Occipitallobe蛛网膜：ArachnoidmatterOlfactoryN 嗅神经Oculomotor 动眼神经Trigeminal 三叉神经Facial 面神经Glossopharyngeal舌咽神经Accessory副神经Spinalnerve脊神经anter