高考英语一轮复习 阅读之说明文基础训练（三）

PAGEPAGE102022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练（三）(A)DrivingtotheeastfromcitycenterofYinchuan,capitalcityinNorthwestChina'sNingxiaHuiAutonomousRegion,millionsofmidnightbluesolarpanelswouldsuddenlycomeintoviewontheslopesofgullies,likeablueocean.Allthatsunlightabsorbedbythemorethan2millionphotovoltaic(PV)panelsisconvertedintoelectricitythatflowsintothegrid(电网),creatingtheworld'slargestPVpowerplantandpowerscitiesacrossthecountry.Underthepanelsarealsoplantedgoji,whichwiththesolarparktogetherturnedtheoncedesertedlandintoan"oasis"（绿洲）andhelpedlocalstoleadbetterlives.Thenin2016,tomakefulluseoftheland,overthegojiplantation,HuaweiSmartPVsupportedtheNingxiaBaofengEnergyGroupinbuildingasolarpowersystem,whichcanalsoconserveenergyandreduceemissions.Throughtheefforts,thevegetationcoveragehasnowincreasedfrom30percentto85percent,whichhasalsosignificantlyimprovedtheregionalclimate.AttheendofDecemberlastyear,comparedwithtraditionalcoalpowerstation,thesolarfarmisestimatedtoreduceemissionsofCO2by2.047milliontons,equaltoplantingaround89milliontrees.Theaverageannualpowergenerationincomeisexpectedtobemorethan100millionyuan,benefitingmorethan26,000poorhouseholdsin349lowincomevillages.Bytheendof2020,thepercapitadisposableincomeoffarmersinHongdevillagehasalreadyreached10,686yuan.Asidefromtheeconomicbenefit,solarPVpowergenerationisalsooneofthetop10targetedpovertyalleviationprojects(精准脱贫项目)inChina.Since2014,thecountryhasmaderelevantplans,strengthenedpowergridbuildingandoperationservices,andpromotedvarioussolarphotovoltaicpovertyalleviationprojectsfundedbythegovernmentandcarriedoutbyenterprises."Povertyalleviationisjustafirststep,wearehighlymotivatednow,andafterfiveyears,youwillseeanevenbetterpicture,"alocalresidenttoldtheGlobalTimesonTuesday.1：Whatmainlymakesuptheblue-ocean-likeviewinthefirstparagraph?Theregionalclimate. Huawei-supportedPVpanels.Massively-growngoji. Government-fundedpovertyalleviationprojects.2：Whatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraph?A.Thesolarpowersystemisenvironment-friendly.B.Thesolarpowersystemwillleadtoreducingplantingtrees.C.Thesolarpowersystemwillreplacetraditionalcoalpowerstation.D.Thesolarpowersystemisimprovingthevegetationcoverageslowly.3.What’sthelocals’attitudetowardsthesolarpowersystem?A.Neutral.B.Objective.C.Inspired.D.Indifferent.4：What’sthebesttitleforthispassage?TheSolar‘Ocean’HelpsPeopleoutofPoverty.EnterprisesGoHandinHandwithLocalGovernments.TheSolarPanels—theTestedBestSolutiontoPoverty.OneoftheTop10TargetedPovertyAlleviationProjectsinChina.(B)Nobodyneedsremindingthatexerciseisgoodforourhealth,butwemayneedremindingthatitneedstobedoneintherightway.Lightexercisesareagreatwaytoimprovecirculationandkeepourmusclesactive,especiallyiftherestofthedaywillbespentsittinginfrontofacomputerorinalecturehall.However,certainsportslikelongdistancerunningrequiretrainingtobuildupourbodiessotheycanhandlethechallenge.Ifwegointosuchsportcold,itcanshockourmuscles,hearts,lungs,andotherorgansandcauseseverepainorinsomecases,evendeath.Somepeoplearebornwithmedicalconditionsthatgounnoticeduntiltheystresstheunstablepartoftheirbody.Aweakheartmayneverbeseenuntilwedosomethingthatcausesextremephysicaleffort.Recentlytherehavebeencasesofpeopledyingwhilerunninglongdistances.Also,auniversitystudentdiedaftertakinga1.000mrunningexam.Someuniversitiesandhighschoolshavecutlongdistanceraces(i.e.3.000m,5,000m)fromtheircampussportsgames,partlybecauseofthesupposeddangerandpartlybecausetheysayfewerpeopleareenteringsuchevents.Maybeeducationaboutsucheventsislacking,especiallyduringprimaryandhighschool.Peopleparticipatinginsuchcompetitionsshouldrealizethatareasonableamountoftrainingisrequiredbeforehandandhavingamedicalcheckiswise,especiallyforamarathon.Peopleshouldn’tbeforcedtoparticipateineventsthatpushthempasttheirlimits,especiallyiftheyhaven’twarmed-upcompletely.Cancellingeventscouldleadtopeoplebecominglesshealthyandoverweight.Maybetheseeventsshouldn’tbecancelled,butorganizersandparticipantsshouldbemorecarefulaboutregularhealthchecks.1.Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?A.Topersuadeustotakelesssports. B.Togiveussomeremindingonexercises.C.Toadvisestudentstohaveregularexercises. D.Torequirecancellinglongdistancerunning.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cold”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Havingtrainedalot. B.Inanunfriendlyway.C.Withoutanypreparation. D.Havingalowtemperature.3.Whydosomeuniversitiesandschoolscancellongdistanceraces?A.Becausenostudentsarewillingtoentersuchevents.B.Becauselongdistancerunningisnotfitforstudents.C.Becausetheyworryaboutthesupposeddangerinsuchraces.D.Becausethestudents’physicalconditionsaretoopoortofinishthem.4.Whatdoestheauthoradviseustodobeforerunningamarathon?A.Trytolosesomeweightfirst. B.Pushourselvespastourlimits.C.Participateinitconfidently. D.Haveamedicalcheckandwarm-upexercises.(C)Flyinghasshrunktheworld!It’snowpossibletotravelaroundtheglobequicklyandeasily.Jumpingonaplaneand

jettingoff

onholidayorabusinesstripisthenormformanyofus,andwiththeriseof

budgetairlines,thenumberofpeople

takingtotheskies

isincreasing.Butwhileairtraveliscostingusless,thecosttotheenvironmentisgoingup.Climatechange

issomethingwe’reallawareofnow,and

aviationcompanies

knowthatsomeoftheblameforthisisbeingpointedatthem.Lastyearairlines

wereforecastedtouseabout97bngallonsof

jetfuel.

Butwhilewecould

thinktwice

abouttakingaflightinthefirstplace,particularlya

short

tripthatcouldbemadebytrain,technologymightbetheanswertoreducing

emissions

andminimisingtheenvironmentaldamage.Recentdevelopmentshavefocusedonreducingtheamountoffuel

airliners（大型客机）

burn.Makingflyinggreenand

sustainable

wasthehottopicattherecentDubaiAirShow.Therewastalkofadvancesin

engine

technology,makingthemmoreefficient,andpossiblyusing

biofuel

topoweraircraft.

RiosGalvan,abioenergyexpertandprofessoratKhalifaUniversityinAbuDhabi,toldtheBBCthat“thesehavethecapacitytoreducethe

carbonfootprint

anywherebetween50-80percent

whenyoucomparethemtofuels.”AndPhilCurnock,chiefengineerofthecivilfutureprogrammeatRolls-Royce,alsosuggestedthat

electrichybridengines(混合动力发动机)

couldplayapartforsmalleraircraft,coveringshorterdistances.Hesays“itoffersthepossibilityofa

carbon-neutral

flightforalimitedrange.”Ofcourse,aircraft

manufacturers

areconstantlylookingatwaystomaketheirplanesmorefuelefficient.Boeing’sDreamliner,forexample,isalreadyinoperationanduses25percentlessfuelperpassengercomparedwithaircraftofasimilarsize.Otherimprovementsincludebetteraircraft

aerodynamics(空气动力学),changestowaysaircraft

taxi(滑行)

onrunways,andtheuseoflightermaterials.1.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph1?A.Theearthgetssmaller.B.Budgetairlinesbecomepopular.C.Flyingisfavoriteamongpassengers.D.Airtravelcandoharmtoenvironment.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“minimising”mean?A.Lowering. B.Consolidating. C.Weakening.D.Increasing3.Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?A.Boeing’sDreamlinerisagreenaircraft.B.Biofuelisanecessitytopowerairliners.C..D.Wayswillbefoundtoreducefuel

consumption.4.Howcanaircraftsbemademorefuelefficient?A.Bybetteringrunways. B.Bymakingsmalleraircrafts.C.Byusingthelightermaterials.D.Byusingaircraft

aerodynamics.(D)Ihavemanynewteachersinhighschool,butLoriRunkle,myEnglishLanguageandCompositionteacher,ismyfavoriteteacher.Ms.Runkleenjoysgettingtoknowmoreaboutstudents,soIhavemanychancestotalkwithherafterclass.Ihavealwayswantedtobecomeajournalist(新闻记者).SinceMs.Runkleusedtobeajournalistbackinthe

UnitedStates,shehasintroducedmanyhelpfuljournalisticwritingskillstome.Althoughsheismyteacher,Ms.RunkleandIaremorelikefriends.Sheofteninvitesmyclassmatesandmetotakepartindifferentactivitiesoutsideofschool.Forexample,Iwenttolistentoajournalist'sspeech,whichhelpedmebetterunderstandcurrentevents(时事).NotonlydoesMs.Runkletalkwithmeoutsideofschool,sheisalsoagreatteacherintheclassroom.EnglishLanguageandCompositionisareallyhardsubjectforasecondlanguagelearner.Wefeltworriedinthebeginning,butMs.Runklereallymakesanefforttohelpusout.Inclass,Ms.Runklealwaysencouragesstudentstoquestioneverythingtokeepusactive.OnepartofclassIlovethemostiswhengroupsofstudentsarerequiredtogivespeechesoneventsthatarehappeningintheworld.ItrequiresalotofdeepthinkingandIreallylearnquitealotfromit.IloveMs.Runkleverymuch.Shenotonlyhelpsmetogetgoodscores,butalsoactsasagoodfriendandalwaysgivesmeadviceonlife.1.Afterclass,theauthor_____.A.seldomseesMs.RunkleB.talkswithMs.RunklequitealotC.enjoysintroducingMs.RunkletoherfriendsD.ofteninvitesMs.Runkletodifferentactivities2.WecaninferfromthetextthatMs.Runkleis_____.A.friendlyandhelpful

B.kindandhumorousC.cleverandactive

D.strictandboring3.Theauthor'sfavoritepartofMs.Runkle'sclassiswhenMs.Runkle_____.A.tellsthemhowtogetgoodscoresB.asksthemquestionsabouttheworldC.asksthemtodescribecurrenteventsD.tellsthemabouteventsthatarehappening4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeofwritingthetext?A.ToexpresshowmuchshemissesMs.Runkle.B.Todescribeanunforgettableteacher.

C.Tolookbackonherspecialhighschoollife.D.Toshowwhatmakesagoodteacher.（E)Challengingworkthatrequireslotsofanalyticalthinking,planningandothermanagerialskillsmighthelpyourbrainstaysharpasyouage,astudypublishedWednesdayinthejournalNeurologysuggests.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofLeipziginGermanygatheredmorethan1,000retiredworkerswhowereoverage75andassessedthevolunteers’memoryandthinkingskillsthroughabatteryoftests.Then,foreightyears,thescientistsaskedthesamegrouptocomebacktothelabevery18monthstotakethesamesortsoftests.Thosewhohadheldmentallystimulating(刺激),demandingjobsbeforeretirementtendedtodothebestonthetests.Andtheytendedtolosecognitive(认知)functionatamuchslowerratethanthosewiththeleastmentallychallengingjobs.Theresultsheldtrueevenafterthescientistsaccountedfortheparticipants’overallhealthstatus.“Thisworksjustlikephysicalexercise,”saysFranciscaThen,wholedthestudy.“Afteralongrun,youmayfeellikeyou’reinpain,youmayfeeltired.Butitmakesyoufit.Afteralongdayatwork—sure,youwillfeeltired,butitcanhelpyourbrainstayhealthy.”It’snotjustcorporatejobs,orevenpaidworkthatcanhelpkeepyourbrainfit,Thenpointsout.Awaiter’sjob,forexample,thatrequires