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2023高考英语模拟试卷注意事项:1.答题前,考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚,将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。2.答题时请按要求用笔。3.请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答,超出答题区域书写的答案无效;在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。4.作图可先使用铅笔画出,确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。5.保持卡面清洁,不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱,不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1.—Youcouldalwaysputthedecisionoffalittlebitlonger.—__________IfIleaveitmuchlongerImightmissmychance.A.That’sreasonable. B.Isn’titagoodidea?C.Doyouthinkso? D.Ican’tagreemore.2.Peterishelpingsettablesinthehall,whereJohn’sbirthdayparty________.A.isholdingB.hasheldC.isheldD.willbeheld3.Idon’tlikefish,soIeatitunlessIwasextremelyhungry.A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.wounldn’t4.Oneofourrulesisthateverystudent_______wearschooluniformwhileatschool.A.might B.couldC.shall D.will5.They’veseenmanyfamousscholarsintheconference.HowIwishI______it!A.haveattended B.willattendC.wouldattend D.hadattended6.We__________backinthehotelnowifyoudidn’tlosethemap.A.are B.wereC.wouldbe D.willbe7.Thenewsupermarkethasannouncedthatthefirsttopurchasegoodsontheopeningday________getabigprize.A.must B.couldC.would D.shall8.Mariaisconstantlymakingefforts,shedeservesthegoalofenteringthekeyuniversity.A.achieving B.toachieve C.beingachieved D.tobeachieve9.Believeitornot,itis________________thatcausesyourillness.A.becauseofyourbeingoverweight B.becauseyouareoverweightC.youaresooverweight D.yourbeingoverweight10.Whenthegirldid________thecouragetotellherparentswhathadhappened,unfortunatelyherownfamilydidn'tbelieveher.A.workout B.workup C.workat D.workon11.Ineedtobemorematureandreadyto______mymistakes.A.holdonto B.cutoff C.makeupfor D.takeup12.Thevarietyoffoodattherestaurantislimited,buteverymealcanserveatleasttwopeopleandisunder¥10,sonotonlyisit______butpracticalaswell.A.adaptableB.adjustableC.adoptableD.affordable13.Asa(n)________andeffectivemethod,expresswaynoisebarrierisaprimarymeasureusedtoreducetrafficnoise.A.correctional B.flexible C.economical D.investigative14.Thepoliceareoffering______rewardof$50,000forinformationleadingtothearrestof_____murderer.A.the;the B.a;a C.the;a D.a;the15.—Youseemtobefondofclassicalmusic.—________.Asamatteroffact,Ilikejazzmusicbetter.A.Idon’tagreeB.NotreallyC.Icouldn’tagreemoreD.Nodoubt16.Butforyourinstruction,I______suchgreatprogressinsoshortatime.Thanksalot.A.wouldn’tmake B.hadn’tmadeC.won’tmake D.wouldn’thavemade17.Oneshouldaccomplishtasks____________insteadofalwaystuningtoothersforhelp.A.independently B.activelyC.skillfully D.voluntarily18.—DidLindaseethetrafficaccident?—No,nosooner________thanithappened.A.hadshegone B.shehadgoneC.hasshegone D.shehasgone19.Forthefinal______ofourjourney,wedecidedtotakethecoach.A.legB.roundC.distanceD.path20.Meyerandhisteamwerethefirst______howthediseasespreadsfromanimalstohumans.A.showing B.show C.toshow D.shown第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。21.(6分)VisitorstothegroundsofNewCollegeatEngland’sOxfordUniversitypassunderanirongatewiththeadvice:Mannersmaketheman.Evenafteranappropriateupdateto:Mannersmaketheperson,it’sthought-provoking(引人深思的)—especiallytotoday’sAmericans.Whenwethinkaboutwhatmakestheperson—it’smorelikelythedegree,thejob,thesalary.Sincewhendowecountmannersasameasureofsuccess?Wedoknowthatthesewouldmakelifenicer,ifmoretolerable.However,weforgetoroverlookourmanners.So,itseems,doeseveryoneelse—including,unluckily,ourchildren.Asauniversitypresident,oneofmygreatjoysistovisitourcampusesandseeourstudents,thoughwe’reseparatedbydifferentgenerations,interests,and,ofcoursedressing,eachstudenttellsmesomethingwithinthefirstfewminutesthatwemeet:whetherheorshehasbeentaughtmanners.Isensethisindifferentways:throughherwordsorhergestures,inthewayshelistensorhowhereferstofriendsandfaculty,howshegreetsandsaysgoodbye,howherespondswhenanelderlypersonenterstheroom.Intheabsenceofmanners,however,Imakesomeallowances.Forinstance,themanyethnic(种族的)groupsthatstudentsrepresentoftenhavedifferentexplanationsofwhatmakesupgoodmanners.Inothercases,somestudentsmayrejectwhatthey’velearnedtobreakfromtheirparentsandbeacceptedbyotherstudents.Whetherstudentsarebeingdifferentoropenlyopposing,arecentexperienceIhadwiththemtellsmethatthere’ssomehopeforrevivingandgoodmanners.Goodmannersdon’tjustguaranteeacceptance.Goodmannersopendoorstodeeperconnectionsandmoremeaningfulrolesinoursociety.Goodmannersaregentlesignalsthatshowwecareaboutoneanotherandallowustorelatetoanotherpersoninathoughtfulwaybutatarespectabledistance.1、Whichofthefollowingisseldomamarkofsuccesstopeopletoday?A.Handsomeincome.B.Anacademicdegree.C.HighranksintheofficeD.Politebehavior.2、Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“makesomeallowances”inParagraph4probablymean?A.treattheabsenceofmannersdifferentlyB.rejecttheabsenceofmannersC.opposebadmannerssomehowD.partlypermitbeingintheabsenceofmanners3、Whichofthefollowingisthebenefitbygoodmanners?A.GoodmannersmakespeoplethoughtfulB.GoodmannershelpdeeperconnectionswithothersC.GoodmannersguaranteeacceptanceofourselvesD.Goodmannersinspirepeopletocareaboutoneanother22.(8分)Intheprocessofmygrowingup,Dadwashardonme,whoalwaysmadesureImadebedanddidmyhomework.Hewouldcallinadvancetomakesuretherewasnoalcoholattheparty.Igotsoangrywithhimforlayingdownthelow.Iwouldscream,“Ihateyou!”Dadwouldyellback.“Good!Idon’tcare!”DeepdownIknewhedid.Onetimeataparty,Idranktoomuchalcoholandgotsosick.Isaid.“Callmydad.”Nextthing,Dadwascarryingmetothecar.Iwokeupthenextmorning,thinkingIwoulddefinitelybecriticized.Asexpected,Igotaroasting,butInowunderstandwhyIneeddiscipline.Dadwas29whenhegothisbigrolesinfilms.Ihadanearlystartattheageofninewitharoleina1900sTVseries,butitwasn’tuntilIfinishedfilmstudiesthatIpursuedmycareerasanactress.LikethoseearlydaysforDad,Ifacedlotsofrejections.Workinginsuchacompetitiveindustry,I’vesometimesthought,“Ican’tdothisanymore.”Once,afteratriptoHollywood,IreturnedtoAustraliasodepressedandspentmonthsinmybedroompainting,listeningtoEckhartTolle’smusicandtryingtofindmyselfagain.Dadsatmedownandsaid.“Alice,Iknowit’shardbutit’sallaboutpersistence.”NowIgettoworkwithDadalot,whichIlove.Webothpassionateaboutacting,whichcomesfromusbeingsointerestedinpeople.Ifitweren’tforDad,Iwouldn’tbewhereIamtoday.He’smybiggestfan,andwhenyouhavethatinyourlifeyoucangoalongway.1、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“gotaroasting”inParagraph2mean?A.gotscolded B.gotdrunk C.gotinjured D.gotstimulated2、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisWRONG?A.Itisherfatherwhohashelpedshapetheauthorwhosheis.B.Theyarebothenthusiasticaboutactingandinterestedinpeople.C.Asanactor,herfather’scareertookoffsmoothlyattheverybeginning.D.Shewasbitteraboutherfatherasaschoolgirlashewastoostrictwithher.3、Whichofthefollowingbestdescribetheauthor’sfather?A.talkativebutdiligent B.strictbutcaringC.persistentandhumorous D.passionateandactive23.(8分)Theclockalwaysseemstobetickingrathertoofastinthedoctor'sofficeandthequeueofpatientsoutsidethedoorseemstobepressingrathertoohard.Somesayit'shightimeforthemodelofshort,sharpone-to-oneappointmentstogivewaytosharedmedicalappointments(SMAs).SMAsaredoctor-patientvisitsinwhichagroupofpatientsreceivepatienteducationandcounseling(咨询),physicalexaminationandmedicalsupportinagroupsetting.TypicallySMAsaredesignedtohaveoneormoredoctorsattendtoagroupofpatientswhoshareacommonillnessormedicalcondition.Incontrasttoone-to-onevisits,SMAsprovidealongerappointmenttime-frameaswellastheopportunityforpatientstohaveimprovedaccesstotheirphysiciansandmeanwhilepickupadditionalinformationandsupportfrompeers.However,doctorswhohavepioneeredthesharedappointmentapproachreportthattherearesignificantchallengesinvolved.Dr.Sumego,directorofsharedmedicalappointments,ClevelandClinic,identifiesculturechangeasthemostsignificantchallenge.Physiciansandnursesaretrainedinamodelofpersonalserviceandprivacy;theSMAapproachisafundamentalchallengetothosefixedideas.Theyneedsharedgoalsandawayoftestingtheinnovationagainstagreedstandards.Dr.Sumegosays,“Thephysiciansmaybeworriedaboutthepossiblechaosandefficienciesthataremarketed.Theyalsohavetomakethepatientsunderstandwhattheirappointmentis,andwhattheexpectationis.”“So,ifanorganizationwaslookingtostartsharedmedicalappointments,Iwouldadvisethemtostartthebuy-infromafewchampionphysicians,developthework-flowanddevelopsomeexperience.Providesomesupportbehindwhatthatbestpracticeshouldlooklike.Createsomestandardssothat,astheconceptspreads,youcanemploythatexperiencetostartthenextsharedmedicalappointmentsandthenext.”1、WhatisthepurposeoftheSMAapproach?A.Toimprovemedicalservice. B.Topromotedoctors'reputation.C.Toconductmedicalresearch. D.Tomeetpatients'expectation.2、AccordingtoDr.Sumego,whatpreventstheSMAapproachfrombeingwidelyadopted?A.Personalservice. B.Fixedideas.C.Lackofequipment. D.Sharedgoals.3、Whatcantheunderlined“buy-in”inParagraph4bereplacedby?A.Support. B.Organization.C.Purchase. D.Practice.4、WhatcanbelearnedabouttheSMAapproachinthelastparagraph?A.Itiscurrentlybeingquestioned.B.Itisimpracticalinsomeareas.C.Itwillenjoywidepopularitysoon.D.Itshouldbecarriedoutstepbystep.24.(8分)Smile!Itmakeseveryoneintheroomfeelbetterbecausethey,consciouslyorunconsciously,aresmilingwithyou.Growingevidenceshowsthataninstinctforfacialmimicry(模仿)allowsustoempathizewithandevenexperienceotherpeople’sfeelings.Ifwecan’tmirroranotherperson’sface,itlimitsourabilitytoreadandproperlyreacttotheirexpressions.AreviewofthisemotionalmirroringappearsonFebruary11inTrendsinCognitiveSciences.Intheirpaper,PaulaNiedenthalandAdrienneWood,socialpsychologistsattheUniversityofWisconsin,describehowpeopleinsocialsituationscopyothers’facialexpressionstocreateemotionalresponsesinthemselves.Forexample,ifyou’rewithafriendwholookssad,youmight“tryon”thatsadfaceyourselfwithoutrealizingyou’redoingso.In“tryingon”yourfriend’sexpression,ithelpsyoutorecognizewhatthey’refeelingbyassociatingitwithtimesinthepastwhenyoumadethatexpression.Humansgetthisemotionalmeaningfromfacialexpressionsinamatterofonlyafewhundredmilliseconds.“Youreflectonyouremotionalfeelingsandthenyougeneratesomesortofrecognitionjudgment,andthemostimportantthingthatresultsinisthatyoutaketheappropriateaction—youapproachthepersonoryouavoidtheperson,”Niedenthalsays.“Yourownemotionalreactiontothefacechangesyourperceptionofhowyouseethefaceinsuchawaythatprovidesyouwithmoreinformationaboutwhatitmeans.”Aperson’sabilitytorecognizeand“share”others’emotionscanbepreventedwhentheycan’tmimicfaces.Thisisacommoncomplaintforpeoplewithmotordiseases,likefacialparalysis(瘫痪)fromastroke,orevenduetonervedamagefromplasticsurgery.Niedenthalnotesthatthesamewouldnotbetrueforpeoplewhosufferfromparalysisfrombirth,becauseifyou’veneverhadtheabilitytomimicfacialexpressions,youwillhavedevelopedcompensatorywaysofinterpretingemotions.Peoplewithsocialdisordersassociatedwithmimicryoremotion-recognitiondamage,likeautism(自闭症),canexperiencesimilarchallenges.“Therearesomesymptomsinautismwherelackoffacialmimicrymayinpartbeduetolimitationofeyecontact,”Niedenthalsays.Niedenthalnextwantstoexplorewhatpartinthebrainisfunctioningtohelpwithfacialexpressionrecognition.Abetterunderstandingofthatpart,shesays,willgiveusabetterideaofhowtotreatrelateddisorders.1、Accordingtothepassage,facialmimicryhelps________.A.experienceone’sownfeelingsclearly B.changeothers’emotionsquicklyC.respondtoothers’expressionsproperly D.developfriendshipwithotherseasily2、WecanknowfromParagraph4and5that________.A.peoplewithmotordiseasesmayalsosufferfromautismB.peoplebornwithfacialparalysismaystillrecognizeemotionsC.peoplewithsocialdisorderscan’thaveeyecontactwithothersD.peoplereceivingplasticsurgeryhavedifficultyinmimickingfaces3、AccordingtoNiedenthal,thenextstepofthestudywillfocuson________.A.howwecantreatbraindisordersB.whatcanbedonetoregainfacialmimicryC.howourbrainhelpsuswithemotionalmirroringD.whatpartofourbrainhelpsrecognizefacialexpression4、Thepassageiswrittento________.A.discusshowpeoplereactpositivelytoothers’smilesB.drawpeople’sattentiontothosewithsocialdisordersC.introduceanewtrendinfacialexpressionrecognitionD.explainhowemotionalmirroringaffectspeople’sempathy25.(10分)MarkRothko,oneofthegreatestpaintersofthetwentiethcentury,wasborninDaugavpils,Latviain1903.HisfatherimmigratedtotheUnitedStates,fearingthathissonwouldbedrafted(招募)intotheCzaristarmy.MarkstayedinRussiawithhismotherandeldersister;theyjoinedthefamilylater,arrivinginthewinterof1913,aftera12-dayvoyage.MarkmovedtoNewYorkintheautumnof1923andfoundemploymentinthegarmenttradeandtookupresidenceontheUpperWestSide.ItwaswhilehewasvisitingsomeoneattheArtStudentsLeaguethathesawstudentssketchinganudemodel.Accordingtohim,thiswasthestartofhislifeasanartist.Hewastwentyyearsoldandhadtakensomeartlessonsatschool,sohisinitialexperiencewasfarfromanimmediatecalling.In1936,MarkRothkobeganwritingabook,whichhenevercompletedaboutthesimilaritiesinthechildren’sartandtheworkofmodernpainters.Theworkofmodernists,whichwasinfluencedbyprimitive(原始的)art,accordingtohim,couldbecomparedtothatofchildreninthat“Childarttransformsitselfintoprimitivism(原始主义),whichisonlythechildproducingamimicry(模仿)ofhimself.”However,inthissamework,hesaidthat“Thefactthatoneusuallybeginswithdrawingisalreadyacademic.Westartwiththecolors.”Itwasnotlongbeforehismultiformdevelopedintothestyleheisrememberedfor;in1949RothkoexhibitedthesenewworksattheBettyParsonsGallery.ForcriticHaroldRosenberg,thepaintingswerearevelation.Afterpaintinghisfirstmultiform,RothkowithdrewhimselftohishomeinEastHamptononLongIsland.Thediscoveryofhisdefinitiveformcameataperiodofgreatgrief;hismotherKatediedinOctober1948anditwasatsomepointduringthatwinterthatRothkochanceduponthestrikingsymmetrical(对称的)rectangularblocksoftwotothreeopposingorcontrasting,yetcomplementarycolors(对称).Aspartofthisnewuniformityofartisticvision,hispaintingsanddrawingsnolongerhadindividualtitles:fromthispointontheyweresimplyuntitled,numberedordated.However,toassistindistinguishingoneworkfromanother,dealerswouldsometimesaddtheprimarycolorstothename.1、MarkRothko’sfamilyhaveexperiencedallofthefollowingexcept.A.aseparationfromhisfather B.thecallupofthearmyC.atemporarystayinRussia D.a12-dayvoyagetotheUnitedStates2、WhatmadeMarkRothkowanttobeanartist?A.HismovetotheUpperWestSide.B.HisvisittotheArtStudentsLeague.C.Hissightofthestudents’drawing.D.Hislessonstookinartschool.3、MarkRothkothoughtmodernartsharesomesimilaritieswithchildartbecause.A.theyarebothconsideredchildishandacademicB.theyarebothwaysofexpressingprimitivismC.theyarebothacopyofthepaintersthemselvesD.theyatebothstrikingblocksandcolors4、WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutMarkRothko’sstyle?A.ItwasinspiredbyRosenberg.B.ItresultedfrommovingtoLongIsland.C.Itresultedfromhisgrief.D.Itevolved(developgradually)in1948.第三部分语言知识运用(共两节)第一节(每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项.26.(30分)完形填空(共20小题;阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡将该项涂黑。LangLangisaworld-classyoungpianistwhogrewupinShenyang.HewenttoapianoschoolinBeijingwhenhewasjusteight.“Youneed1,”hisfathersaid.“Butifyoudon’tworkhard,nofortunewillcome.”Whatmadehimsadwas2hispianoteacherinBeijingdidn’tlikehim.“Youhavenotalent(天赋).Youwillneverbeapianist.”3Hedecidedthathedidn’twanttobea4anymore.Forthenexttwoweekshedidn’ttouchthepiano5,hisfatherdidn’tpush,butwaited.Luckily,thedaycamewhenhisteacheraskedhimto6someholidaysongs.Hedidn’twantto,butasheplacedhisfingersonthepianokeys,he7thathecouldshowothersthathehadtalent8Thatdayhetoldhisfather9hehadbeenwaitingtohear—thathewantedtostudywithanewteacher10thatpointon,everythingturnedaround.Hestarted11competitions(比赛).Inthe10InternationalYoungPianistsCompetition,whenitwas12thatLangLanghadwon,hewastoo13toholdbackhistears.Soon14wasclearthathecouldn’tstayinChinaforever—hehadtoplayontheworld’sbig15In13LangLang16again,thistimetoPhiladelphia,U.S.Therehespenttwoyearspractising,andby15hehadworkedhardenoughforfortunetotakeover.Afterhis17performanceatChicago’sRaviniaFestival,gigs(特邀演出)inLincolnCenterandCarnegieHallstarted18发现)him,andletshim191、A.exercise B.fortune C.knowledge D.wealth2、A.whether B.why C.when D.that3、A.Like B.With C.To D.As4、A.hurt B.weakened C.ruined D.frightened5、A.singer B.pianist C.conductor D.player6、A.Hopefully B.Patiently C.Wisely D.Painfully7、A.play B.sing C.write D.study8、A.seemed B.admitted C.noticed D.realized9、A.inall B.aboveall C.afterall D.atall10、A.that B.what C.which D.when11、A.From B.At C.Since D.After12、A.receiving B.accepting C.winning D.beating13、A.told B.mentioned C.announced D.recognized14、A.excited B.encouraged C.shocked D.satisfied15、A.this B.it C.that D.what16、A.concerts B.tours C.competitions D.stages17、A.started B.left C.moved D.performed18、A.successful B.cheerful C.respectful D.meaningful19、A.pulling B.breaking C.falling D.pouring20、A.brign B.shine C.admire D.develop第二节(每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。27.(15分)Interviewer:MayIaskyouafewquestions,sir?Jack:Ofcourseyoucan.Interviewer:Thankyou,sir.Firstofall,haveyoueverbeenhere?Jack:No.ThisisthefirsttimeI1.(come)toIndia.Interviewer:Oh.WhatdoyoufindmostimpressiveaboutIndia?Jack:Theairissohotanditisunlikeanything2.Ihaveexperienced.Interviewer:Wereyoupleasedwiththeserviceattheairport?Jack:Not3.(real).AfterweenteredtheairportandIhadbeenwaitingforseveralhours,I4.(check)strictly.Interviewer:Whatelsehaveyounoticed?Jack:Atfirst,5.wasstrangetoseesomanypeopledressedinwhite.Iremember6.(see)thesametypeofdressinabookonce,sotheyareMuslims,judging7.theirhats.Interviewer:You’reright.Theirclothesaretypical(典型的).Jack:What’smore,asIcontinuedacrossthelobby(大厅),Ifeltmanyeyeswatchingme.Hurriedly,Icheckedmy8.(appear).Nothingfeltoutoftheordinary.Ihadnoidea9.everyonewasstaringatme.ThenIrealizedmybigmistakebecauseIwaswearingshortsinacountrywheregirlsdonotdressaccordingtotheweather.Interviewer:Yes.Thankyouforacceptingourinterview.Ihopeyouhave10.goodtrip.Jack:Mypleasure.第四部分写作(共两节)第一节短文改错(满分10分)28.(10分)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2、只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Myfatherisapoliceman、Onacoldwinterevening,hesawoldbeggarsittinginasquareoutsideashoppingcenter、Hisshoeshadbeenwornoutandhistoesstickout、Seehisfrozenfeet,myfatherfeltsad、Heleftandreturnedbackwithapairofnewshoesandsocks,thatheboughtatanearbystore、Hekneltdownonthegroundbuthelpedtheoldhomelessmanputiton、Hisrandomactofkindnessmeltedtheheartsofthepasser-by、Awomanbroughtanoldblanketfromherhousetoprotectthebeggarwiththefreezingcold、Thebeggarwastouchedandsaiditwasnicetoknowthatangelstruewalkonearth、第二节书面表达(满分25分)29.(25分)阅读下面一则广告,按照要求完成写作任务。EILInternationalEnglishSummerCamp
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参考答案第一部分(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)1、C2、D3、D4、C5、D6、C7、D8、B9、D10、B11、C12、D13、C14、D15、B16、D17、A18、A19、A20、C第二部分阅读理解(满分40分)阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。21、Imaginethatyou’relookingatyourcompany-issuedsmartphoneandyounoticeane-mailfromLinkedln:“Thesecompaniesarelookingforcandidateslikeyou!”Youaren’tnecessarilysearchingforajob,butyou’realwaysopentoopportunities,sooutofcuriosity,youclickonthelink.Afewminuteslateryourbossappearsatyourdesk.“We’venoticedthatyou’respendingmoretimeonLinkedlnlately,soIwantedtotalkwithyouaboutyourcareerandwhetheryou’rehappyhere,”shesays.Uh-oh.It’sanawkwardscene.Attrition(损耗)hasalwaysbeenexpensiveforcompanies,butinmanyindustriesthecostoflosinggoodworkersisrising,owingtotightlabormarkets.Thuscompaniesaremakinggreatereffortstopredictwhichworkersareathighriskofleavingsothatmanagerscantrytostopthem.Methodsrangefromelectronicmonitortowell-designedanalysesofemployees’socialmedialives.Someofthisworkmaybeareasontoletemployeestoquit.Ingeneral,peopleleavetheirjobsbecausetheydon’tliketheirboss,don’tseeopportunitiesforpromotionorgrowth,orareofferedahigherpay;thesereasonshaveheldsteadyforyears.NewresearchconductedbyCEB,aWashington-basedtechnologycompany,looksnotjustatwhyworkersquitbutalsoatwhen.“We’velearnedthatwhatreallyaffectspeopleistheirsenseofhowthey’redoingcomparedwithotherpeopleintheirpeergroup,orwithwheretheythoughttheywouldbeatacertainpointinlife,
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