第八讲-动词分类(小升初专项讲义及练习)_第1页
第八讲-动词分类(小升初专项讲义及练习)_第2页
第八讲-动词分类(小升初专项讲义及练习)_第3页
第八讲-动词分类(小升初专项讲义及练习)_第4页
第八讲-动词分类(小升初专项讲义及练习)_第5页
已阅读5页,还剩15页未读 继续免费阅读

下载本文档

版权说明:本文档由用户提供并上传,收益归属内容提供方,若内容存在侵权,请进行举报或认领

文档简介

第八讲第八讲动词分类本讲内容本讲内容内容根本要求动词一、动词定义二、动词分类新概念二第8课形容词比拟级与最高级课前测试课前测试1Mr.Zhangaskedme___thewordsagain.A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading2You___playontheroad.It'sdangerous.A.mustn'tB.mayC.canD.must3Mr.Brown___inBeijingsince1993.A.workB.worksC.workedD.hasworked4I___aletterwhenmymothercamein.A.writeB.amwritingC.waswritingD.willwrite5It'snotanimportantparty,youneedn't___.A.payforitB.wearitoutC.tryitoutD.dressupforit6CanI___abikefromhim?A.lendB.returnC.giveD.borrow7-MustIstayathome?-No,you___.A.mustn'tB.needn'tC.maynotD.cannot8-Howlonghaveyou___here?-Abouttwomonths.A.beenB.goneC.comeD.arrived9Stamps___bypeopleforsendingletters.A.useB.usingC.usedD.areused10TheradiosaysTianjinwillbe___tomorrow.A.rainsB.rainC.rainedD.rainy语法考点语法考点动词一、定义动词是用来表示主语做什么〔即行为动词〕,或表示主语是什么或怎么样〔即状态动词〕的词,例如:Theboyrunsfast.〔这个男孩跑得快。〕runs表示主语的行为Heisaboy.〔他是个男孩。〕is与后面的表语aboy表示主语的状态二、动词的分类动词可以按照含义及它们在句中的作用分成四类,即行为动词〔也称实义动词〕、连系动词、助动词和情态动词。〔一〕行为动词行为动词〔实义动词〕是表示行为、动作或状态的词。它的词义完整,可以单独作谓语。例如:IliveinBeijingwithmymother.〔我和我妈妈住在北京。〕live,住Ithasaroundface.〔它有一张圆脸。〕has,有及物动词与不及物动词:行为动词〔即实义动词〕按其是否需要宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。1.及物动词:后面必须跟宾语,意思才完整,例如:Givemesomeink,please.〔请给我一些墨水。〕Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanraiseyourhands.〔如果你们有问题,你们可以举手。〕2.不及物动词:后面不能跟宾语,意思已完整。不及物动词有时可以加上副词或介词,构成短语动词,相当于一个及物动词。例如:Heworkshard.〔他工作努力。〕JackrunsfasterthanMike.〔杰克跑步比迈克要快些。〕Pleaselookattheblackboardandlistentome.〔请看黑板,听我说。〕Hegotand“A〞thistimebecausehewentoverhislessonscarefully.〔这次他得了个“A〞,因为他仔细地复习了功课。〕[难点解释]1、许多动词可用作及物动词,也可用作不及物动词,他阅读中必须仔细体会和区别,例如:Whoisgoingtospeakatthemeeting?〔谁打算在会上发言?〕speak,不及物动词FewpeopleoutsideChinaspeakChinese.〔在中国外很少人讲汉语。〕speak,及物动词2、要特别注意有些动词英汉之间的差异。某些词在英语中是不及物的,而在汉语中却是及物的。有时那么相反。例如:Heiswaitingforyou.〔他在等你。〕英语wait为不及物动词,汉语“等〞为及物动词。Servethepeople.〔为人民效劳。〕英语serve为及物动词,汉语“效劳〞为不及物动词。热身练习指出以下各句中划线局部是什么动词,并说明词义,例如:Allofusstudyhard.〔vi.学习〕1、Hebegantoworkatseventhismorning.〔〕2、Ihaveleftthekeyathome.〔〕3、Wemusttaketheoldwomantothehospitalatonce.〔〕4、Thinkitover,andyouwillhaveagoodidea.〔〕5、LiMingoftenworksforthewall-newspaperafterschool.〔〕〔二〕连系动词连系动词是表示主语“是什么〞或“怎么样〞的词,它虽有词义,但不完整,所以不能单独作谓语,必须跟表语一起构成合成谓语,例如:WeareinGradeTwothisyear.〔今年我们在两年级。〕are,是are这个词的词义“是〞在句子中常常不译出。连系动词可具体分为三类:1、表示“是〞的动词be。这个词在不同的主语后面和不同的时态中有不同的形式,is,am,are,was,were,have/hasbeen等要特别予以注意。例如:Heisateacher.〔他是个教师。〕Hewasasoldiertwoyearsago.〔两年前他是个士兵。〕WeareChinese.〔我们是中国人。〕2、表示“感觉〞的词,如look〔看起来〕,feel〔觉得,摸起来〕,smell〔闻起来〕,sound〔听起来〕,taste〔尝起来〕等,例如:Shelookedtired.〔她看一去很疲劳。〕Ifeelill.〔我觉得不舒服。〕Cottonfeelssoft.〔棉花摸起来很软。〕Thestorysoundsinteresting.〔这个故事听起来很有趣。〕Theflowerssmellsweet.〔这些花闻起来很香。〕Themixturetastedhorrible.〔这药水太难喝了。〕3、表示“变〞、“变成〞的意思的词,如become,get,grow,turn,都解释为“变〞、“变得〞,例如:Shebecameacollegestudent.〔她成了一名大学生。〕Hefeelssick.Hisfaceturnswhite.〔他感到不舒服,他的脸色变苍白了。〕Theweathergetswarmerandthedaysgetlongerwhenspringcomes.〔春天来了,天气变得暖和些了,白天也变得较长些了。〕Hegrewold.〔他老了。〕[难点解释]注意区别以下一些动词的用法,它们既可以作为行为动词,又可以作为连系动词。1、look看;看起来Heislookingatthepicture.〔他正在看这图片。〕行为动词Itlooksbeautiful.〔它看上去很美丽。〕连系动词2、fell摸;感觉1〕Ifeltsomeonetouchmyarm.〔我感到有人碰我的手臂。〕行为动词Areyoufellingbettertodaythanbefore?〔你今天比以前感到好些了吗?〕连系动词3、smell嗅;闻起来Mylittlebrotherlikestosmelltheapplebeforeheeatsit.〔我的小弟弟喜欢在吃苹果前闻一闻。〕行为动词Great!Theflowerssmellnice.〔这些花闻起来多香啊!〕连系动词4、sound弄响,发音;听起来Theletter“h〞inhourisnotsounded.〔在hour这个词中字母h是不发音的。〕行为动词Thegunsoundedmuchcloser.〔枪声听起来更近了。〕连系动词5、taste辨味;尝起来Pleasetastethesoup.〔请尝一口汤。〕行为动词Thesouptastesterrible.〔这汤尝起来味道太差了。〕连系动词6、get得到,获得;变Therearesomebananasonthetable.Eachofyoucangetone.〔桌上有些香蕉,你们每个人可以拿一个。〕行为动词7、grow生长,种植;变Doyougrowriceinyourcountry?〔你们的国家种水稻吗?〕行为动词It’stoolate.It’sgrowingdark.〔太迟了,天渐渐变暗了。〕连系动词8、turn转动,翻动,使变得;变Theearthturnsaroundthesun.〔地球绕着太阳转。〕行为动词Whenspringcomes,thetreesturngreenandtheflowerscomeout.〔春天来了,树叶变经绿了,花儿开了。〕连系动词 上述句子中的动词如grow、get、turn等,既可以作连系动词,又可以作行为动词。如何来区分它们呢?有一个最简便的方法,即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词,句子仍然成立就是连系动词;反之,不能替换的,就是行为动词。例如:Thetreesturn/aregreenwhenspringcomes.〔春天来临,树叶变绿。〕Theearthmovesaroundthesun.〔地球绕着太阳转。〕这第二句句子中的turn是行为动词,意为“转动〞。无法以is替换。热身练习区别以下多组句子中的动作,指出以下划线动词是连系动词还是行为动词,并写出词义:1、Shelookswell.〔〕Shetriedtolookattheblackboardbutsawnothing.〔〕2、Thestudentsfeltunhappy.〔〕Ifeltsomeonetouchmyback.〔〕3、Itwassnowinghardwhenhegottothecity.〔〕It’stoolate.It’sgettingdarkeranddarker.〔〕4、Theteacheraskedthestudenttoturnitover.〔〕Theleavesofthetreesturngreenwhenspingcomes.〔〕5、Theyoungtreesgrowfast.〔〕Itbegantogrowdark.〔〕6、Thebellsoundedat12o’clockforlunch.〔〕Themusicsoundsnice.〔〕持续动词与瞬间动词英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分,使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的有study,play,do,read,learn,drive,write,clean,slean,sleep,speak,talk,wait,fly,stay,write,sit,stand,lie,keep等。二、瞬间性动词表示一个动作发生在一瞬间,非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的有begin,start,finish,go,come,leave,find,getup,arrive,reach,getto,enter,hear,stop,open,close,become,buy,borrow,lend,happen,join,lose,renew,die,takeaway,putup,setout,puton,geton/off等。以上已集中了初中教材的大局部持续性动词及瞬间性动词。三、用法1、以上两类动词都能用于现在完成时,表示动作到现在为止已结束,例如:HehasstudiedEnglishforthreeyears.〔他学英语已有3年了。〕HehasjoinedtheParty.〔他已入党了。〕Mumisn’tathome.Shehasgonetothelibrary.〔妈妈不在家,她去图书馆了。〕2、持续性动词在完成时中能与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,而瞬间性动词那么不能。例如:Hisparentstalkedwiththeteacherforhalfanhour.〔他的父母跟老师谈了半个小时。〕Mymotherhaslaininbdefor3days.〔我母亲生病卧床已经三天了。〕MyparentshavelivedinShanghaisince1950.〔我父母亲从1950年起就住在上海了。〕3、瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用,通常有两种方法:〔1〕用意思相当的持续性动词来替换,例如:Hehasbeeninthearmy/asoldierforthreeyears.〔他参军已有3年了。〕不能用hasjoinedShehasbeenupforquitesometime.〔她起床已有好久了。〕不能用hasgotupHasyourbrotherbeenawayfromhomeforalongtime?〔你哥哥离家已有好久了吗?〕不能用hasleft常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系如下:1、go——beaway2、come——behere3、comeback——beback4、leave——beaway〔benothere〕5、buy——have6、borrow——keep7、die——bedead8、begin——beon9、finish——beover10、open——beopen11、close——beclosed12、lose——belost13、gettoknow——know14、turnon——beon15、getup——beup16、sitdown——sit/beseated17、join——bein〔…〕或bea…member18、become——be〔2〕用itis…since…结构来替换瞬间动词,例如:电影已经开映5分钟了。〔两种方法〕Thefilmhasbeenonforfiveminutes.It’sfiveminutessincethefilmbegan.他离开上海已有3天了。〔两种方法〕HehasbeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays.ItisthreedayssinceheleftShanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。〔一种方法〕It’stwoweekssinceIreturnedthebooktothelibrary.他找到他妹妹已有多久了?〔一种方法〕Howlongisitsincebefoundhissister?4、瞬间动词的否认形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用,例如:Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.〔好久没见到你了。〕热身练习一、选择正确的答案:1、Alicehas(come,been)backforaweek.2、Hisgrandmotherhas(beendead,died)fortenyears.3、Whenwegottothecinema,thefilmhad(begun,beenon)forafewminutes.4、Thelightshave(turnedon,beenon)foroverhalfaday.5、Haveyou(bought,had)thebookongrammarforaweek?Yes,sincelastSunday.二、用since和for翻译以下句子:1、这本书我已借了两周了。2、她离开这儿有5分钟了吗?3、我弟弟入团已有半年多了。4、Joan来到我校已有两个月了。5、他们相识有很长一段时间了。〔三〕助动词这类词本身无词义,不能单独作谓语,只能与主要动词一起构成谓语,表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否认和疑问,例如:HedoesnotspeakEnglishwell.〔他英语讲得不好。〕句中的does是助动词,既表示一般现在时,又与not一起构成否认形式。Adogisrunningafteracat.〔一条狗正在追逐一只猫。〕句中的is是助动词,和run的现在分词一起构成现在进行时。Didhehaveanymilkandbreadforhisbreakfast?〔他早餐喝牛奶、吃面包吗?〕句中的did是助动词,既表示一般过去时,又和动词have一起构成疑问。〔四〕情态动词这类词本身虽有意义,但不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、说话人的语气或情态,如“可能〞、“应当〞等。小升初阶段要学习和掌握的情态动词主要有can/could,may/might,must这几个最为常用的词,当然还需要了解学习need,dare等情态动词。一、情态动词的主要特征试比拟以下几组句子,看情态动词的特点:1、Heborrowssomebooksfromthelibrary.〔他常从图书馆借些书。〕Hecanborrowsomebooksfromthelibrary.〔他可以从图书馆借到一些书。〕can,可以2、Irunfast.〔我跑得快。〕Ican’trunfast〔我跑得不快。〕can’t,不会,不能3、Musthegonow?〔他必须现在走吗?〕must,必须Didhegolastnight?〔他昨晚去了吗?〕4、Theymaybethere.〔他们可能在那儿。〕may,可能Theyweren’tthere.〔他们不在那儿。〕 从上述四组句子中,可以看出以下几个特点:1、can、may、must都有各自的词义,表示能力、可能、允诺、愿意、请求等情态,因词义不完全,不能单独作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。2、情态动词没有人称和数的变化。构成疑问句时,通常放在主语前面〔见例3〕;构成否认句时,not放在这些情态动词之后〔见例2〕。可用它们的缩写形式〔can’t,cannot,mustn’t等〕。二、情态动词的具体用法〔一〕can,could和beableto1、表示能力,例如:IcanspeakalittleJapanese.〔我会说一点儿日语。〕Shecouldn’tspeakChinesewhenshecametoourschoollastmonth.〔上月她来我校时还不会说中文。〕Beableto代替can,也可以表示能力。但can只有一般现在时和一般过去时(could),而beableto那么有更多的时态形式,例如:YouwillbeabletotalkwiththeforeignteacherinEnglishnextweek.〔下星期你将能与外国老师用英语交谈了。〕Mylittlebrotherhasbeenabletowrite.〔我的小弟弟已会写字了。〕2、表示允许,准许,这时can与may可以互换,例如:Can/MayIbrotheryourbiketomorrow?Yes,ofcourse.Youcan/mayusemybiketomorrow.〔明天我可以借你的自行车吗?当然可以。明天你可以用我的自行车。〕Youcan’tsmokehere.〔你不可以在这儿抽烟。〕3、表示客观可能性,用在否认句和疑问句中表示说话人的疑心、猜想或不肯定。例如:Hecannot/can’tbethere.〔他不可能在那儿。〕Canthisnewsbetrue?〔这消息可能直实吗?〕4、could除表示can的过去式外,在口语中还常代替can,表示非常委婉的请求。这时could和can没有时间上的差异。例如:Could/Canyoutellmeifhewillgotomorrow?〔你能告诉我他明天是否去吗?〕Could/CanIaskyousomethingifyouarenotbusy?〔如果您不太忙,我能否问您一些事情?〕Could/Canyoushowmethewaytothenearesthospital?〔您能给我指一下去最近的医院的路吗?〕〔二〕may和might1、表示“准许〞和“许可〞,这时可与can替换。例如:May(can)Iuseyourdictionaryforamoment?〔我可以借你的字典用一下吗?〕MayItakethesemagazinesoutofthereadingroom?No,youmustn’t.〔我可以把这些杂志带出览室吗?不,不行。〕Heaskedmeifhemightgothen.〔他问我他是否可以走了。〕2、表示说话人的猜想,认为某事“可能〞发生,例如:Where’sJohn?Hemaybeatthelibrary.〔约翰在哪儿?他可能在图书馆。〕Mr.Greenhasn’ttalkedwithher.Hemaynotknowher.〔格林先生还未曾与她谈过话,他可能不认识她。〕以上例子中的maybe是情态动词may加be,与maybe完全不同。后者是副词,解释为“或话〞。例如:Hemaybeathome.〔他可能在家。〕Maybehewasathome.〔或许他在家。〕3、might除表示may的过去式外,在口语中还常代替may,表示非常委婉的请示或实现的可能性较小。这时might和may没有时间上的差异。例如:Might(May)Ispeaktoyouforafewminutes?〔我现在可以与你谈几分钟话吗?〕MightIhaveaphotoofyourfamily?〔我可以要一张你们的合家照吗?〕4、用于从句中表示目的,意为“以便能……〞、“使……可以〞,例如:Openyourmouthwide,sothatImayseeclearlywhat’swrongwithyourteeth.〔把嘴张大些,以便我能看清楚你的牙齿有什么毛病。〕Hewrotedownmyaddresssothathemightrememberitwell.〔他把我的住址写了下来,以便能记牢。〕5、在用may提问时,否认答复常用mustn’t或maynot表示“不行〞、“不可以〞。例如:MayIgonow?No,youmustn’t.〔我可以走了吗?不,不可以。〕〔三〕must1、must表示说话人的主观意志,表示义务、命令或必要、应当和必须等。现在式与过去式同形。例如:Imustgotoschooltoday.〔今天我必须上学去。〕HetoldmeImustn’tleaveuntilmymothercame.〔他告诉我,在我母亲回来之前我不许离开。〕2、must表示推测,“一定是〞、“准是〞,例如:Theymustbeverytired.Letthemhavearest.〔他们一定是非常疲劳了。让他们休息一会儿吧。〕Jackdoesn’tlookwell.Hemustbeill.〔杰克看上去气色不太好。他一定是病了。〕[难点解释]1、haveto表示“必须〞、“不得不〞,它不仅能代替must,用于现在时和过去时以外的其他时态,表示说话人的主观看法,而且又表示客观上的需要。例如:Ifwemissthelastbus,weshallhavetowalkhome.〔如果我们末班车,我们将不得不走回家。〕Theshipstartedtogodownslowly.Wemustleavetheship.〔船慢慢地开始下沉了。我们必须离开这船。〕2、在答复must的疑问句时,否认答复常用needn’t表示“不必〞,例如:MustIreturnthisbooktoyouintwoweeks?〔这本书我两星期以后必须还你吗?〕Yes,youmust.〔是的。〕No,youneedn’t.〔不,不必了。〕〔四〕need和dareneed〔需要〕和dare〔敢于〕既可作情态动词,又可作行为动词。1、need和dare作情态动词时,只用于否认句或疑问句。need无形态变化,dare的过去式是dared。例如:It’swarmtoday.Youneedn’tputonyourcoat.〔今天天气很暖和,你不必穿上大衣。〕NeedIpostyourbookstoyou?〔要我把书寄给你吗?〕Howdareyousayit’sunfair?〔你怎么胆敢说这不公平呢?〕Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.〔她晚上不敢一个人出去。〕2、need和dare作及物动词时,后常跟动词不定式。它们有人称、数和时态等形态变化。在构成否认和疑问形式时与其他及物动词一样,要用助动词do,does或did等。例如:Hedidn’tneedtogotoschooltoday.〔今天你不必上学。〕Theyneededanexcuseandsoonfoundone.〔他们需要借口,不久便找到了一个。〕〔五〕oughtto和shouldoughtto和should作情态度动词用,都是“应该〞、“应当〞的意思。oughtto语气较强,指客观上有责任、有义务去做某事,或按观念和道理也应对某事负责。Should指主观上认为有责任和义务去做,但语意不如oughtto强。例如:Yououghttorespectyourteachers.〔你们应该尊敬你们的老师。〕Weshouldbecarefulofothers’feelings.〔我们应该尊重别人的感情。〕〔六〕相当于情态动词的几个固定词组在初中课本上还有以下固定词组,也起着与情态动词一样的作用:hadbetter…〔最好……〕,ShallI〔we〕…?〔我/我们可以这样做吗?〕wouldlike〔非常想〕,Will/Wouldyou(please)…?〔请你……吗?〕usedto〔过去常常〕。例如:It’slate.I’dbettergoandlookforhim.〔太迟了。我最好去找他。〕You’dbetternotreadbooksinpoorlight.〔你最好不要在微弱的灯光下看书。〕Shallwestartthemeetingatonce?〔我们立即开会好吗?〕Willyougetmesomechalk?〔你拿些粉笔给我好吗?〕Wouldyoulikesomebananas?〔来点香蕉好吗?〕拓展训练一、单项选择1.Ifyoudon'tknowthisword,___inthedictionary.A.lookforitB.lookatitC.lookafteritD.lookitup2.Myfathertoldme___playonthestreet.A.notB.tonotC.nottoD.didnot3.Thereisgoingto___anEnglishpartythisevening.A.beB.hasC.haveD.is4.There___nobusstopherelastyear.A.isB.wasC.areD.were5.Ourschoolwillholdasportsmeetingifit___tomorrow.A.isn'trainB.rainsC.won'trainD.doesn'train6.Bikesmustn't___everywhere.A.beputB.beputtedC.putD.putting7.NeitherLiLeinorHanMeimei___Harbin.A.havebeentoB.hasbeentoC.havegonetoD.hasgoneto8.It'scoldtodayyou'dbetter___morecoats.A.putonB.takeoffC.toputonD.totakeoff9.Henry___abirthdaycardforSamyesterday.A.hasboughtB.buysC.boughtD.willbuy10.WhenIgottothefactory,theworkers___aboutthefilim.A.aretalkingB.talkedC.weretalkingD.havetalked11.Nohurry,please___yourtime.A.takeB.bringC.carryD.catch12.Ienjoy___thelightmusic.A.tolistentoB.listeningtoC.hearingD.tohear13.Please___assoonasyougetthere.A.ringmeupB.ringupmeC.wakemeupD.wakeupme14.WhenI___,Iwanttobeateacher.A.growsupB.growupC.shallgrowD.grewup15.Icalledhimandhe___tohaveatalkwithme.A.stopB.stopsC.stopedD.stopped新二第8课新二第8课ThebestandtheworstJoeSandershasthemostbeautifulgardeninourtown.NearlyeverybodyJoeSandershasthemostbeautifulgardeninourtown.Nearlyeverybodyentersfor'TheNicestGardenCompetition'eachyear,butJoewinseverytime.BillFrith'sgardenislargerthanJoe's.BillworksharderthanJoeandgrowsmoreflowersandvegetables,butJoe'sgardenismoreinteresting.Hehasmadeneatpathsandhasbuiltawoodenbridgeoverapool.Ilikegardenstoo,butIdonotlikehardwork.EveryyearIenterforthegardencompetitiontoo,andIalwayswinalittleprizefortheworstgardeninthetown!NewwordsandNewwordsandexpressions★1.competitionn.比赛,竞赛,竞争competition=com(一起)+pet(追求)+i+tion(名词后缀)competition/compete/competitive/competitorenteracompetition报名参加winacompetition赢得比赛competeagainst/with与….竞争Areyoucompetinginthe800meters?你参加了800米的赛跑吗?Itisnoteasyforasmallcompanytocompeteagainst/withabigone.对于小公司来说,与大公司竞争是件不容易的事。Hehasjustenteredachesscompetitionandwonasecondprize.他刚刚参加了一个象棋比赛,获得了二等奖。★2.winv.(获)胜,赢得,取得胜利Iwanttoknowwhohaswonthegame.我想知道谁赢了比赛?Iagreewithyourwin-winpolicy.我同意你的双赢策略。Winnerskeepers;losersweepers.成者王,败者寇。★3.neata.整齐的,整洁的,很棒的,好极了aneatplace不错的地方Thereisonethingaboutbaldness—itisneat.秃顶有一个好处,就是干净!Hisclothesarealwaysneatandclean.他的衣服总是干净整洁。4.pathn.小路,小道,小径联想记忆:pass经过〔经过一条小路〕→pathHardworkisthepathtosuccess.努力工作是成功之路。Therewasanarrowpaththroughtheforest.有一条穿过森林的小路。★5.pooln.池塘,水池,游泳池联想记忆:pool→瀑布→瀑布下有水池swimmingpool游泳池carpool搭伴车Therewerepoolsofwaterintheholesintheroad.马路上有许多水坑。★【本课语法】形容词和副词的比拟级和最高级比拟级相当于汉语中“比……更……〞这种句型,最高级那么表示在某个范围“最……〞的概念。最高级在使用时前面通常要加定冠词the,并有一个短语或从句限定其范围。1、比拟级和最高级的构成:①单音节词和少数双音节词在词尾加-er,-est,以辅音加-y结尾的词变-y为-i,再加-er,-est②以-e结尾的词加-r,-st③以一个辅音字母结尾的单音节词要双写最后一个字母,再加-er,-est④三个或者是三个音节以上〔多音节〕比拟级的构成:more+原级最高级的构成:themost+原级有一些双音节词既可在单词结尾加-er,-est,也可与more/less和most/least连用,如narrow,clever,common,pleasant等。clever—cleverer—morecleverfunadj.快乐morefun〔美国人用〕⑤有些构成是不规那么的:good/well(betterbest);bad/ill(worseworst);many/much(moremost);little(lessleast);far(fartherfurther,farthestfurthest)〔farther:距离上的远和更远,further:程度上的更进一步〕furthermore(更有甚者)old(olderelder,oldesteldest)older比……大Sheisolderthansomebodyelder做定语修饰其他名词eldersister(年长的)姐姐2、比拟级和最高级的用法在使用比拟级时,如果需要把所比拟的两项都提到,那么就必须比拟级后用than:Myroomiscleanerthantheonenextdoor.如果比拟级之所指很清楚,它可独立存在:Whichhousedoyouprefer?Iprefertheolderone.最高级的限定范围一般用of,among,in等介词短语;限定范围也可以是从句;如果范围很清楚,那么可以省略。Johnisthetallestofthethreebrother.Thisisthecoldestdayintenyears.MaryisthemostintelligentpersonI’veevermet. 目标小升初目标小升初课文跟踪讲解课文跟踪讲解Theplanewaslateanddetectiveswerewaitingattheairportallmorning.本句摘自课文七中的句子,句子用的是过去进行时。过去进行时表示的是过去的某一时刻或过去一段时间内正在进行的动作。常和表示过去的时间状语then,atthattime,thistimeyesterday,attenyesterday等连用,或用另一动作来表示过去的时间。Whatwereyoudoingatthattimelastnight?昨天晚上九点你正在干什么?过去进行时常和always等时间副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作,此时的过去进行时带有感情色彩。Alicewasalwayschanginghermind.艾丽丝总是在改变主意。注意在含有when或while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中过去进行时的应用。主句中的动作先于从句中的动作发生,且进行的时间较长时,主句用过去进行时〔从句常用一般过去时〕。从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生,且进行时间较长时,从句用过去进行时〔主句用一般过去时〕。假设主,从句动作开始的时间不存在先后关系时〔同时发生〕或无所谓先后时,主从句可同时使用过去进行时,此时的时间状语从句一般由while来引导。Luckily,whenIwenttoseehim,hewasathome.JoeSanderhasthemostbeautifulgardeninourtown.本句摘自课文八,主要涉及形容词和副词的用法:形容词的比拟级和最高级。形容词的比拟级和最高级用法需要注意的几点:1表示两者进行比拟时用形容词比拟级,其结构为“A…+比拟级+than+B〞2有表示程度的副词alittle,abit,afew,alot,much,even,still,far,rather,any等词修饰时用比拟级。3表示越…就越…时,用the+比拟级,the+比拟级结构4最高级前面可以加序数词,表示第几最…实例演练实例演练1Shethingsforotherpeople.Ahadalwaysbeendoing BhadalwaysdoneCwasalwaysdoing Dwasalwaysdone2—DoyouknowJane?—Yes,Ifirstmetherthreeyearsago.Sheatafruitshopatthetime.Ahadworked Bworked Cwasworking Dhasworking3Whichisbeautiful,thisoneorthatone?Amore Bthemore Cmost Dthemost4Theboyisgetting.Atallerandtaller BmoreandmoretallCtallandtaller Dmoretallerandtaller要点拓展:过去进行时的特定用法:1表示从过去某一时间的角度看将要发生的动作,常表示过去“渐渐〞,“快要〞,“越来越〞,“马上〞,常见的此类动词有come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,get,become,turn等非持续性动词,偶尔有些持续性动词〔如do,stay,take〕,常表示过去“将要〞。WhenIarrivedatthetheater,theplaywasjustbeginning.我到达剧场时,戏剧刚要开演。2was/weregoingto的用法〔1〕表示过去已经决定或安排要做的事情,或根据迹象预测某事可能发生。Thesunwasgoingtoshinewhenwestart.我们动身的时候太阳就要出来了。(2)表达过去决定或安排要做的事,但未能成为事实。Iwasgoingtocallonyoulastnight,butmyfatherphonedtocome.我昨天打算去看望你,但爸爸打说要来。比拟级和最高级常用的句型〔1〕比拟级+and+比拟级表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为“越来越….〞MyEnglishisimproving.Itisgettingbetterandbetter.我的英语日见长进,越来越好。〔2〕the+比拟级….,the+比拟级…..表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度平行增长,意为“越…〔就〕越..〞Theolderyougrow,thewiseryou’llbecome.年龄越大,你就越聪明。〔3〕“not+比拟级+than〞表示“一方不如一方〞,“no+比拟级+than〞表示〞前者和后者一样都不….〞,“仅仅〞Thefirstprizewinnerisnotmorethan10yearsold.这个一等奖获得者不到十岁。Thefirstprizewinnerisnomorethan10yearsold.这个一等奖获得者年仅十岁。most前如假设没有the,就没有比拟的意思,只是加强语气,有“很,非常〞之意。Thisisamostinterestingstory.这是一个很有趣的故事。小升初小升初真题展示1—Ischemistrymoredifficultthanphysics?—No,chemistryisn’tasasphysics.Aeasy Bdifficult Ceasier Dmoredifficult2—Didyouseethetrafficaccidentyesterday? —Yes,IthappenedwhenIpastmuseum.Awalk Bamwalking Cwillwalk Dwaswalking3Thebusierheis,thehefeels.Ahappily Bhappy Chappier Dmorehappy练习练习11Iammuchbusierthanyouor__________. Ashe BthanherCasshe D/2Thisis_________ofthetworooms.Athelargest Bthelarger Clarge Dlarger3That_________pencilismine,theotherisMary’s.Amostshort Bshortest Cshorter Dmoreshorter4Wehad__________rainlastyearthanthisyear.Amanymore Bthemost Cmost Dmuchmore5Thismountainis__________thanthatone.Aeverhigher Bmorehigher Cmuchhigher Dveryhigher6Ofthetwins,Jackis__________.Athestronger Bstronger Cstrongest Dthestrongest随堂稳固随堂稳固一、单项选择1-Wouldyouplease___meaneraser,Lucy?-Certainly.Hereyouare.A.borrowB.lendC.borrowedD.lent2.Trees___inspring.A.plantB.wereplantedC.shouldbeplantedD.shouldplant3.-Where'syourfather?-He___toParis.A.goB.goesC.wentD.hasgone4.-MustIfinishmyhomeworkinclassnow?-No,you___.Youcandoitathome.A.mustn'tB.maynotC.needn'tD.can5.Thankyouverymuchfor___yourbook___me.A.lending,toB.lent,toC.borrow,fromD.borrowing,from6.TheGreatGreenWallwillstopthewindfrom___theearthaway.A.blowingB.blowC.blowsD.toblow7.ThestudentswillgototheWestHillFarmbybike,ifit___finetomorrow.A.willbeB.isC.shallbeD.was8.Ourteacheralwaystellsus___inthestreet.It'stoodangerous.A.don'tplayB.nottoplayC.toplayD.notplay9.Englishisausefullanguage.It___widelyintheworld.A.isspokenB.wasspokenC.canspeakD.willspeak10.Thekiteisflyinghighinthesky.It___abird.A.looksatB.lookslikeC.looksforD.looksafter11.-Look!What'sWangPingdoingoverthere?-She___underabigtree.A.singsB.sangC.hassungD.issinging二、完形填空DearLinda,Isawyournameinanewspaper.You___1__forpenfriendsin__2___.Iamfifteen,andI__3___atNo.1MiddleSchoolinNanjing.__4___canseemyphotographthatIhaveabigsmile__5___longblackhair.Myfatherisafactoryworker.My__6___isacook.sheworkedinahospital.Ilikestamps,watchingfilmsandreading.I__7___dancingandhelpingmyuncle__8___thefarm,too.Iam__9___veryinterestedinyourcountry.Please__10___soon.Yours,LiuZhong1.A.askB.askedC.areaskingD.haveasked2.A.JapanB.EnglandC.AustraliaD.China3.A.liveB.stayC.ambornD.amglad4.A.TheyB.HeC.WeD.You5.A.andB.orC.butD.nor6.A.uncleB.friendC.brotherD.mother7.A.stopB.enjoyC.finishD.need8.A.inB.withC.onD.to9.A.alsoB.tooC.eitherD.really10.A.comeB.goC.writeD.help三、阅读理解A"You'rejustintime,Joe.We'regoingtoplaycowboys(牛仔)andIndians,andyoucanbetheIndians,"oneofmycousins(堂兄弟)said"HowmanyIndians?"Iasked"Oh,aboutathousand,"heanswered,andbeforeIcouldsayno,IwaspushedoutintothenightandbecameathousandIndians.TwominuteslaterIwasrunninginthefieldswithagroupofcowboysbehind.Theshoutsof"AfterthemLet'scatchthekillers!"andothersuchTVplaylanguagecameintomyearsasIranroundacornerandhurriedintomyGrandpa'scar."We'vegothim,boysLet'sgoandcatchhim!"Butnoonewantedtocometogetme.Allofmycousinsexceptonewerealwaysveryfriendlywithme.Itwasquietoutside.AndIwentoutofthecartohavealook.JustthenIheardashout,"Bringtherope(绳子),andwecanburnhim""OnlyIndiansburnpeople.Cowboys…,"IstoppedjustintimeIhadalmostsaid,"Cowboyshang(绞死)people"Iwastiedtoatree,andthecowboyswerelookingforsomewoodwhenmydearmothercalled,"We'releavingnow""Untieme,"Ishouted"We'regoing""WhydidBobbywantmatches(火柴)?"Mumaskedwhenwewereinthecar."HewasaskingDadwhetherhehadany""Oh,hewasjustgoingtomatches?MATCHES?Areyousurehewantedmatches?"Motherwasquitesure,andIdidn'tsayanymore.1.HowmanychildrenplayedtheIndians?A.Onethousand.B.Onehundred.C.Onegroup.D.One.2.WhydidJoe'scousinsaythatJoewasjustintime?Because______A.therewerenotenoughchildrenforthegameB.thegamewasjustgoingtostartC.noneofhiscousinswantedtobetheIndiansD.theywerewaitingforJoe3.Joedidn'tsay"Cowboyshangpeople"outbecause______A.hewastiedtoatreeB.thatwouldmakethingsworseC.hewascaughtbythecowboysD.thatwouldmakethecowboysangry4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.OneofJoe'scousinswaslookingformatches.B.Daddidn'twanttogivethechildrenanymatches.C.Bobbywantedtogetsomematchesfromhisfather.D.Mumdidn'tthinkchildrenshouldplaywithmatches.5.Thenameofthestoryshouldbe"______"A.JoeandhiscousinsB.WhoknowswhatdangeriswaitingthereC.CowboysandIndiansisafavoritechildren'sgameD.HowcowboysandIndiansfoughtinthepastBMusicInAmericaMusicisaninternationallanguage.Thesongsthataresungorplayedbyinstrumentsarebeautifultoallpeopleeverywhere.PopularmusicinAmericaiswhateverystudentlikes.Studentscarrysmallradioswithearphonesandlistentomusicbeforeclass,afterclassandatlunch.Studentswithcarsbuylargespeakersandplaythemusicloudlyastheydriveonthestreet.Adultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradioastheydrivetowork.Theyalsolistentothenewsaboutsports,theweather,politics,andactivitiesoftheAmericanpeople.Mostoftheradiobroadcastismusic.Poporpopularmusicsingersmakemuchmoney.TheymakeaCDortapewhichradiostationsuseineverystate.Oncethepopularsingerisheardthroughoutthecountry,youngpeoplebuyhisorhertapes.Someoftheirmoneyfromthesetapescomestothesinger.Whereverthesingergoes,alltheyoungpeoplewanttomeethimorher.Nowthesingerhasbecomeanationalstar.ThereareotherkindsofmusicthatisimportanttoAmericans.Oneiscalledfolkmusic.IttellsstoriesaboutthecommonlifeofAmericans.Anotheriscalledwesternorcountrymusic.Thiswasstartedbycowboyswhowouldsingatnighttothecowstheywerewatching.Today,anymusicaboutcountrylifeandthelovebetweenacountryboyandhisgirliscalledwesternorcountrymusic.1.Howmanykindsofmusicarementionedinthepassage?A.Four B.Three C.Five D.Six2.Howcanasingerbecomeanationalstaraccordingtothepassage?A.WhenhehasmademuchmoneyB.AfterhemakesaCDortapeC.OncethesingerisheardthroughoutthecountryD.Afteryoungpeoplemeethimofher3.Thewriterofthepassagethinks_______.A.popularmusiciswhateveryoneenjoysB.whenmusicisplayed,itseemsasifitwerespeakingtousC.musicissopopularthroughouttheworldthateveryonespendsmu

温馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
  • 2. 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
  • 4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文库网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
  • 6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
  • 7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。

评论

0/150

提交评论