Leaves-of-Grass-草叶集(英美文学上课课件)

WaltWhitman

(沃尔特·惠特曼)

LeavesofGrass

《草叶集》080510101-04AnalysisofLeavesofGrassNineEditionsThetitle“LeavesofGrass”MajorthemesMajorArtisticFeaturesPoemAppreciationFirstpublishedin1855withonlytwelvepoems,itwasgreetedbyRalphWaldoEmersonas“themostextraordinarypieceofwitandwisdomthatAmericahasyetcontributed.“Totallynineeditionsandlasteditionwascalled“deathbed”edition,whichincludesmorethan400poemsTheyearthateacheditionpublished11855218563186041867518716187671881NineEditions:8188991892Thetitle“LeavesofGrass”AsymbolofWhitman’spoems2.

A

manifestationofWhitman’sdemocraticideas3.AsymbolofnewAmericanswiththeirAmericanspiritMajorThemesExtol(赞颂)transcendentpoweroflove,brotherhood,andcomradeship(同志之谊)Expresstheidealsofdemocracyandequality.Hispoemsrevealaworldofequalitywithoutrankandhierarchy(等级制度),attacktheslaverysystemandracialdiscrimination.Advocatetherealizationoftheindividualvalue.Hecelebratesthedignityandtheself-reliantspirit.MajorThemesThepursuitofloveandhappiness.Hecelebratesthejoyofcommonman.Sexuallove,arathertabootopicofthetime,isdisplayedfranklyassomethingadorableinhispoems.EnthusiasticresponsetotheexpansionofAmerica.Inhispoems,wecanseethespiritofanemergingAmericaatitsmostaggressiveanddaring.Someofhispoemsarepoliticallycommitted.①Heexpressedthemourningforthesufferingoftheyounglivesinthebattlefieldandshowedadeterminationtocarryonthefightinguntilthefinalvictory.②ThedeathofLincoln.

1）poeticfeaturesParallelism:torepeattheideainthelineswithminorchangesinwordingPhoneticrecurrence:RepetitionofwordsandphrasesinpoemsCataloguetechnique：Cataloguemeanslisting.TypicalpoemsbyWhitmanmakelong,longlistsofimages,ofsights,sounds,smells,taste,andtouch.(asin“IHearAmericaSing”HelistedthesongthateverycommonpersoninAmericaissinging.)

MajorArtisticFeatures(poeticfeatures+languagefeatures）Freeverse：①akindofpoetrythatdoesn’tconformtoconsistentmeterpatterns,rhyme.(thelineistherhythmicalunitasinthepoetryofEnglishbible)

②

WhitmanwrotehispoemsinLongandsprawling不规则地lines,Arhythmofthoughtestablishedbythevariationbetweenthelonglinesandtheshortlinesinhispoems.Envelopstructure:ofteninWhitman’spoetry,thefirstlinebeginswiththesubject,andthenmoreandmorelineslistmodifierstilltheverbappearsinthelastlineofthestanza.Thisislikeenclosingawholelistofideasinanenvelop.MajorArtisticFeatures

MajorArtisticFeatures(poeticfeatures+languagefeatures）Symbolism:thesymbolsheusedweregovernedbytheobjectsheobserved,suchas,heassociatedthestarwiththethoughtofdeath,thelilac丁香wasatokenoflife.MajorArtisticFeatures(poeticfeatures+languagefeatures）

2)languagefeatures

①

Contrarytotherhetoricoftraditionalpoetry,Whitman’sissimpleandrathercrude未加工的,粗糙的

②Mostofthepictureshepaintedwithwordsarehonest,undistortedimagesofdifferentaspectsofAmericaoftheday.

③HisstrongtendencytouseoralEnglish.

④Hisvocabulary

isamazing.Hewouldusepowerful,colorful,aswellasrarely-usedwords,wordsofforeignoriginandsometimesevenwrongwords.PoemAppreciation

SongofMyselfDescribeaworldofequalityanddemocracyPortrayvariousaspectsofAmericanlife,esp.thoseofordinarypeopleCelebratethejoyofthecommonman

SongofMyselfInterpretationof“self1、The"self"ofthepoem'sspeaker-the"I"ofthepoem-shouldnotbelimitedtoorconfusedwiththepersonofthehistoricalWaltWhitman.Thepersonadescribedhastranscendedconventionalboundariesofself.ThereareseveralotherquotesfromthepoemthatmakeitapparentthatWhitmandoesnotseehimselfasthevoiceofoneindividual.Rather,heseemstobespeakingforall

SongofMyself2、Quotes“inallpeopleIseemyself,nonemoreandnotoneabarleycornless/andthegoodorbadIsayofmyselfIsayofthem”(Section20)“itisyoutalkingjustasmuchasmyself…Iactasthetongueofyou”(Section47)“Iamlarge,Icontainmultitudes.”(Section51）“Foreveryatombelongingtomeasgoodbelongstoyou.”(Section1)

因为属于我的每一个原子也同样属于你ThreeThemesImages&SymbolsTheideaoftheself;Theidentificationofthe