(备考)高考英语学霸笔记专题04 其他

专题04其他词-高考学霸笔记1.长宽高的变形strong-strength-strengthenlong-length-lengthenwide-width-widenhigh-height-heightendeep-depth-deepen2.基数词和序数词的不规则变化one-firsttwo-secondthree-thirdfour-fourthfive-fiftheight-eighthnine-ninthtwelve-twelfth3.常见介词of,in,on,at,by,with,without,including,about,after,before,from,toof后可跟名词，如senseofachievement;senseofresponsibilityin后可跟名词，如indanger,insilence4.常见介词核心逻辑一）of核心逻辑：从属关系，属于量词cupof;apieceof;asliceof其中之of;anyof;partof,noneof类别词kindof;sortof;aspeciesof所属关系theengineofthecar=car'sengine;theroofofthehouse=house'sroof;和名词构成形容词短语manofability=anableman;athingofbeauty=abeautifulthing;动词、形容词短语dieof;befondof;beafraidof;beproudofagirlfriendofWangHao书名类TheTrueStoryofAhQ二）in核心逻辑：包含与被包含in+地点，表示在……地方，通常为国家，城市或者大地点的室内：breakininChina，inBeijing，inShanghai，inabighousein+具体方位+of，表示细节地理位置：inthemiddleof，inthefrontof，inthebackof，infrontof，inthesouthofin+功能性场所：inbed（卧病）在床，intheded在床上躺着，inhospital生病住院，inthehospital在医院这个地方in+时间（世纪，具体年份，季节，月份，年代，早中晚，一段时间）：inthe19thcentury，in2020，inwinter，inJanuary，inthe1960s，inthemorning，intheafternoon，intheevening，in2hours（两小时后或两小时内）in+特定的事物，表示在……方面：Hehasmadegreatprogressinmath.他在数学方面取得了很大的进步in+颜色，表穿着theboyinblackismybrother.穿黑色衣服的男孩是我弟弟in搭配动词构成短语：put……in把……放进；cutin打断别人说话；givein让步，屈服（因为别人的观点或意见完全包容了我的，所以我givein）；三）to核心逻辑：强烈的方向性，同目标事物相关，距离感运动、朝向drivetothewaytoJapanistotheeastofChina.atendencytosillness四）on核心逻辑：具体或抽象的紧密接触on+地点名词，表示在表面，有接触：onthewall，ontheground，ontheearth，onthetable，ontheright，onthelefton+抽象名词ontime，准时（抽象意义的接触时刻点）ondisplay展览（物品是和展台接触的）oneonone一对一onvacation度假（人与假期抽象接触）onsale打折出售on+交通工具与in+交通工具的区别可以走动的用on，不便走动用in：onthetrain/bus/ship/plane，inthecar/jeepon的动词短语，均是“抽象接触”goon继续（上段接触下段）agreeon达成一致turnon打开开关（电源或是水流合上）keepon坚持（不中断，接触）geton上车（人接触车）puton穿戴衣物（衣物和身体接触）carryon继续前行insiston在某事上坚持knockon敲打……（接触）playjokeson开某人的玩笑五）for核心逻辑：通过……成为所属关系1.for表目的WhatdoyoulearnEnglishfor?WhatcanIdoforyou?2.对于Shehasanaturalgiftforteaching.3.给某人Here'resometipsforyou.4.表原因Iamsorryforit.5.前往某地IsthisbusforChicago?They'llleaveforBeijingtomorrow.6.for+时间段/距离forafewyears;walkfor10miles7.for表赞成8.Itis+adj.forsb.todosth.六）from核心逻辑：脱离，距离感1.从……到from....to2.来自befrom;comefrom3.制成bemadefrom4.距离等Thehouseis5milesfromthetown.5.避免；防止Hecoveredhiswifefromtheman'sblowswithhisbody.6.与……不同Ican'ttellonetwinfromtheother.bedifferentfrom七）with核心逻辑：带有；附带1.一起；和gowith;playwith;livewith;makefriendswith2.带有teawithhoneyamanwithalotofmoney;agirlwithgoldenhair3.用writewithapencil4.在……身上Ihavenomoneywithme.5.在……帮忙之下withthehelpof6.随着withthedevelopmentoffloatwiththewind7.短语agreewithsb./sth.;dealwith;getonwithsb.;communicatewithsb.;putupwithsth.besatisfiedwith;bepatientwith;bepopularwithsb.;beconnectedwithsb.;bedecoratedwithsth.八）by核心逻辑：一旁1.位置bythewindown;bythelake2.交通工具bytrain;bycar;byplane3.通过……bydoingsth.4.在……之前by9:00九）at核心逻辑：@直击目标1.表示状态atwork,atwar,atlunch,atschool2.小地点arriveatarrivein3.小时间at9:004.短语aimat;atthistime,atleast,attheendof十）than核心逻辑：比较1.nosooner...than...2.more...than...十一）as核心逻辑：作为1.像Hedressedasagirl.2.当作Ifoundajobasaguide.3.作为身份Asachild,shewassenttoabroad.4.as引导的介词短语AsaPartymember,I'lltaketheleadineverything.Sheworksasamodel.5.常见固定搭配too...to...so...that...can’twaittodo...can’thelpdoingsth.one,theotherIt’stimetodosth.either...or...neither...nor...notonly...butalso...befamousfor/asittakessb.sometimetodosth.think/finditadj.todosth.usedtodo/beusedtodoing/beusedtodo6.缩写don't=donotdoesn't=doesnotYou'dbetter=YouhadbetterYou'dlike=Youwouldlikeit's=itisyou're=youareI'm=Iamwon't=willnotwouldn't=wouldnotI’vebeen=IhavebeenHe’sbeen=Hehasbeen7.late相关词late:adj.&adv.迟，迟的，晚的，晚期，在晚期。inthelateafternoon傍晚，在下午较晚的时候

inthelate1990's/1990s在二十世纪九十年代末

worklate/far/deepintothenight工作至深夜

lateinautumn深秋later:adj.&adv.为late比较级，意指较迟，较晚一些。一段时间+latersoonerorlater迟早（earlyorlate）nolaterthan不迟于lateron以后，后来。latter:adj.意思是指（两者中）后者的、后者，反义词是former，（两者中）前者。Didhewalkorswim?Thelatterseemsunlikely.latest:adj.&adv.为late的最高级。意思是最新、最近或最迟。ABritishcarcompanywasabouttosellitslatesttypeofcarinGermany.lately:adv.(=recently)最近，近来，通常用于现在完成时态。Theoldpalacehaslatelybeenrebuilt.8.that的用法①so...that...结构②定语从句，句中缺主语选that③同位语从句后加that，常见同位语名词news,idea,fact,thought,problem,answer,belief,possibility,evidence,plan,suggestion,promise,report,question,truth,proof,order,hope,information④强调句型ItisXthat...⑤表语从句，即be后所跟句子，如Thetroubleisthat...9.同一年份同一考点考察①than【2020年全国卷I语法填空】Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters,moreso______thefamiliarnearside.【2020年全国卷II语法填空】Orangetreesaremore______decoration;theyaasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.【2018年全国卷I语法填空】Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglife______walking,cyclingorswimming.【2018年全国卷II语法填空】Cornuseslesswater______riceandcreateslessfertilizerrunoff.②定语从句无what【2020年全国卷II短文改错】Thankyouforyourletter,what[改为which]reallymademehappy.【2020年全国卷III短文改错】Understandinghergoodintentions,Ieatallthefoodwhat[改为that]isprovidedbyMomwithappreciation.③surely→sure【2020年全国卷II短文改错】I’msurely[改为sure]you’llhaveagoodtime.【2020年全国卷III短文改错】Inordertomakesurely[改为sure]allofusareingoodhealth,shemakesspecificplansforus.④形容词ing和ed之间的转换【2019年全国卷I短文改错】Ibecameinteresting[改为interested]inplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.【2019年全国卷II短文改错】OnewasthatIwasamazing[改为amazed]atthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.⑤as的用法【2017年全国卷I语法填空】Thistrend,wasstartedbythemedicalcommunity_____amethodoffightingheartdisease,hashadsomeunintendedsideeffectssuchasoverweightandheartdisease-theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.【2017年全国卷I语法填空】As_____result,peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【2017年全国卷III语法填空】Instead,sheisearning6,500poundsadayas_____modelinNewYork.⑥late相关词【2017年全国卷I短文改错】Afewminuteslate[改为later],theinstructoraskedmetostopthecar.【2017年全国卷III短文改错】Ienjoyedstudyingdifferentkindsofcarsandplanes,playingpopmusic,andcollectingthelate[改为latest]musicalbums.⑦become和come【2017年全国卷II短文改错】Whensummercame[改为comes],theywillinvitetheirstudentstopickthefreshvegetables!【2017年全国卷III短文改错】Aboutonemonthafterthisphotowastaken,Ienteredmysecondyearofhighschoolandbecome[改为became]anewmemberoftheschoolmusicclub.10.高中易混词①anyway,anyhow,somehow,somewhatanyway=anyhow无论如何；不管怎样somehow莫名其妙地；不知怎么地somewhat稍微；有点②contend,content,context,context③principal,principle④mortal,metal,mental,medal,model⑤except,expect,accept,excerpt,exempt⑥through,thorough,though,thought⑦expect,respect,aspect,inspect,suspect⑧prospect,perspective11.不同年份同一考点①be+adv.+adj.【2020年全国卷I】Landingonthemoon’sfarsideis______(extreme)challenging.【2019年全国卷III】TheyalsosharedwithusmanytraditionalstoriesaboutHawaiithatwere______(huge)popularwithtourists.【2017年全国卷III】Itis_____(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.②比较级more/less+than【2020年全国卷I】Thefarsideofthemoonisofparticularinteresttoscientistsbecauseithasalotofdeepcraters,moreso_____thefamiliarnearside.【2020年全国卷II语法填空】Orangetreesaremore______decoration;theyaasymbolofgoodfortuneandwealth.【2018年全国卷I语法填空】Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysitismoreeffectiveatlengtheninglife______walking,cyclingorswimming.【2018年全国卷II语法填空】Cornuseslesswater______riceandcreateslessfertilizerrunoff.③提示词为it【2020年全国卷I】Dataaboutthemoon’scomposition,suchashowmuchiceandothertreasuresitcontains,couldhelpChinadecidewhether_____(it)plansforafuturelunarbasearepractical.【2016年全国卷I】Onmyrecentvisit,Iheldalivelythree-month-oldtwinthathadbeenrejectedby_____(it)mother.④提示词为certain【2020年全国卷II】_____(certain)duringtheholidayperiod,thisplantisamust.【2017年全国卷III】Itis_____(certain)funbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.⑤be+adj.+todo【2020年全国卷II】Theyareeasy_____(care)forandmakegreatpresents.【2019年全国卷I】Modernmethodsfortrackingpolarbearpopulationshavebeenemployedonlysincethemid-1980s,andareexpensive______(perform)consistentlyoveralargearea.⑥thefirst(序数词)(n)todosth.【2020年全国卷I】Chinahasbecomethefirstcountrytolandaspacecraftonthefarsideofthemoon.【2020年全国卷II】Theplumtreesare____firsttoflowerevenasthesnowismelting.⑦情态动词+提示词【2020年全国卷III】Theartistwassurehewould_____(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.【2016年全国卷III】Trulyelegantchopsticksmight_____(make)ofgoldandsilverwithChinesecharacters.⑧by+doing【2019年全国卷I】Scientistshaverespondedby_____(note)thathungrybearsmaybecongregatingaroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusionthatpopulationsarehigherthantheyactuallyare.【2017年全国卷I】Fastfood_____(be)fulloffatandsalt;by_____(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.⑨提示词+than【2019年全国卷I】Scientistshaverespondedbynotingthathungrybearsmaybecongregatingaroundhumansettlements,leadingtotheillusionthatpopulationsare_____(high)thantheyactuallyare.【2018年全国卷I】Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears_____(long)thannon-runners.⑩al结尾形容词【2019年全国卷II】Heryearsofhardworkhave______(final)beenacknowledgedafteracustomernominatedhertobeCheshire’sWomanoftheYear.【2018年全国卷II】Atasteformeatis______(actual)behindthechange:Animportantpartofitscornisusedtofeedchickens,pigs,andcattle.【2016年全国卷I】Thetitlewillbe_____(official)giventomeataceremonyinLondon.【2016年全国卷III】Foodinsmallpiecescouldbeeateneasilywithtwigswhich_____(gradual)turnedintochopsticks.⑪现在完成时【2019年全国卷I】InrecentyearssomeInuitpeopleinNunavut______(report)increasesinbearsightingsaroundhumansettlements,leadingtoabeliefthatpopulationsareincreasing.【2019年全国卷II】IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI_____(make)overtheyears.【2018年全国卷II】Since2011,thecountry______(grow)morecornthanrice.⑫n.____v.【2019年全国卷III】Theywerewelltrainedbytheirmasters_____hadgreatexperiencewithcaringfortheseanimals.【2018年全国卷II】TheChineseMinistryofAgriculturefindsthatbetween2005-whenthegovernmentstartedasoil-testingprogram______givesspecificfertilizerrecommendationstofarmers-and2011,fertilizerusedroppedby7.7milliontons.⑬,_____(提示词)【2019年全国卷III】Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,wewereinvitedtoattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmonthe